File System Disk Status

 crfs - create new  df - display status of mounted file systems

 mkfs - create  du - display disk usage
 chlv - expand beyond max LV's  istat - display dates of access for a file
 chfs - change attributes  ls - display contents of a directory
 fsck - check or fix
 rmfs - remove  fuser - display users using a file system
 mount - mount
 umount - unmount

 sync - flushes system buffers to disk

Directories & Files
 ln - link files or directories  cat - display contents of text or ascii file
 unlink - unlink a file or directory  cp - copy files or directories
 mv - rename files or directories  del - delete file
 mvdir - rename directories
 rm - remove files or directories
 dircmp - compare files in different
directories

Physical Volume Information

Examples What it does
lspv Displays a list of all Physical Volume's with the drive name and associated Volume
Group's
lspv Displays a specific Physical Volume. Stale partitions refers to mirroring. If the
<physicalvolume> Physical Volume has no mirrored Logical Partitions, then the value for this field is
zero
lspv -l Displays what Logical Volumes reside on the named Physical Volume along with
<physicalvolume> Logical Partition's Physical Partition's and Mounting Point.
lspv -p Displays distribution of Physical Partitions for each Logical Volume that reside on
<physicalvolume> the named Physical Volume along with State, Region, Type and Mounting Point.
lspv -s Displays Physical Volume, total, free and used Physical Partitions.
<physicalvolume>
lsvg -n Displays total, free and used Physical Partitions and other information.
<physicalvolume>

Volume Group Information

Examples What it does
lsvg Displays all Volume Groups
lsvg Displays all Volume Groups, total, free and used Physical Partitions
<volumegroup>
lsvg -p Displays Physical Volume, State and Physical Partition information
<volumegroup>
lsvg -l Displays Logical Volume name, Type, Logical Partitions, Physical Partitions,
<volumegroup> Physical Volumes, Logical Volume State and Mounting Point
Logical Volume Information
Examples What it does
lslv Displays Volume Group, Mirror State, Mount Point and more...
<logicalvolume>
lslv -l Displays Physical Volume, Copies, Distribution info
<logicalvolume>

Maximums

The smallest file extension is 4Kb. If a user creates or extends a file anywhere from 0-4096 bytes, a 4K
block will be allocated from the free list to accommodate that request. When a file system is extended by 1
Physical Partition (4 MB), 1024 inodes are allocated to that file system.

Maximums

length of a filename : 255 characters

number of open files per process : 2,000
number of open files system-wide : 200,000
number of record locks per process: 200,000
number of record locks system-wide: 200,000
bytes per pipe : 32,768
number of pipes per process : 2,000
number of semaphore IDs : 4,096
number of semaphores per ID : 100 K
number of operations per semop call : 1,024
semaphore value : 32,767
adjust on exit : 16,384
number of message queue IDs : 4,096
bytes per message : 8,192
bytes per message queue : 65,536
messages per message queue : 8,192
number of segments system-wide : 16 MB
number of shared memory segments : 4,096
number of segments per process : 10
bytes per segment 256 MB

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Path Definitions/Usage
Directory What's in it
/bin utilities
/sbin files needed to boot the machine and mount the /usr file system
/dev special files (I/O devices)
/etc miscellaneous administrative utilities
/home user directories and files
/lib libraries
/tmp temporary files. Needs to be at least 12 MB
/usr common executables that are shared across the same architecture
/usr/adm administrative commands and files
/usr/bin utilities (overflow for /bin)
/usr/lib archive libraries, text processing macros
/usr/spool/mail Email files
/usr/sbin utilities used in system administration, including smit
/usr/share architecture-independent, shareable text files
/usr/share/man manual pages
/usr/share/dict spelling dictionary and its indexes
/usr/share/info InfoExplorer database files
/usr/share/lib architecture-independent data files, including terminfo
/usr/share/lpp data about optional program products (OPP)
/var/adm system logging and accounting files
/var/preserve preserved data from interrupted edit sessions
/var/spool spool iles for printing
/var/tmp temporary files

cat

Concatenates or displays one or more files.

Examples What it does

cat -v textfile The -v option will display non-printing characters.
tput clear | cat -v Displays the control codes generated to your terminal to clear the screen.

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chlv

Used to expand beyond the maximum Logical Volume limit.

chlv -x 256 <lv_name> (Where logical volume name is entered without the /dev)

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chfs

Changes attributes of a file system. Block size for this command is 512 byte blocks, where the command df,
returns disk info in 1024 byte blocks.  The simplest method of extending a file system is to

 Take the target size of the file system in MB's and multiple by 2000.
 If the file system size is to be extended to 12MB in size, then 12 * 2000 = 24000.
Remember, when you extend a file system, you extend the logical volume that resides under it. Most
systems have a default Physical Partition size of 4MB (review output of lsvg rootvg command) and
therefore when the file system increases in size, it will increase by a multiple of 4MBs.

chfs -a size=24000 /usr (Increase the /usr file system to 12 MBs.)

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cp Copies one or more files.

Examples What it does
cp /u/roger/test.c /tmp Copies the file test.c in the directory /u/roger to the /tmp directory
Copies all the files and subdirectories from the current directory to the
cp -ipr . /tmp/temp directory named /tmp/temp.
 -i If a filename already exists in the destination directory, the
system will prompt you to overwrite this file with the one being
copied from the source directory.
 -p Preserves file permissions, owner, group, and modification
attributes of the file beingcopied to it's new destination.

 -r Copies all files and subdirectories.

cp -r /usr/data /home/data Copies all files and directories from /usr to /home

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crfs

Adds a new file system. Block size for this command is 512 byte blocks, where the command df, returns
disk info in 1024 byte blocks.

crfs -v jfs -g rootvg -m /mydata -p rw -a size=100000

 -v file systems type, jfs=journalized file system

 -g volume group name where filesystem will reside, rootvg
 -m mount point for new filesystem, /mydata
 -p access permissions, rw=read/write
 -a file system attribute, size=100000

The above command creates a 50MB journeled file system named /mydata with read/write permissions,
created under the volume group, rootvg

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del

Delete files where system will prompt you to delete the file(s).

del /u/roger/*
If 'y' is entered for yes, all files will be removed.
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df

Displays summary of disk usage for mounted file systems.

df -v

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dircmp

Compares two directories and the contents of all files found in both directories.

dircmp /tmp/COMPANY /u/COMPANY | grep different

Displays only those files that are found in both directories but have differences

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du

Display a summary of disk usage for directories (output in 512 byte blocks). Without an argument, du lists
the current directory.

Examples What it does

du /tmp Displays total number of 512 byte blocks used by /tmp filesystem and all directories
underneath it
du -s /tmp Summarizes disk allocation for /tmp filesystem (including ALL files and
subdirectories) in 512 byte blocks
du -a Summarizes disk allocation for a particular file
/u/roger/doc.txt

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fsck

Checks and interactively repairs inconsistent file systems. File systems are normally checked everytime the
system is rebooted. If a file system is cleanly unmounted via the umount command, it's unlikely to encounter
any problems when the fsck command is run on the file system again. Fsck can only be run on a file system
that is unmounted (fsck will not make changes to a mounted file-system). If fsck passes without errors, its
safe to mount the file system in question.

 If there's a discrepancy between the number of directory references to a file and the link count in
the file and the file contains data (UNCLAIMED BLOCKS), the file is linked into the subdirectory
named lost+found directory.
 fsck does not flag a bad block on your Physical Volume.
 Bad blocks are only relocated on a write operation.
 Fsck performs read operations and therefore is useful for soft errors - not hard errors.
  Also updates the JFS log - /dev hd8

Examples What it does

To make sure the /dev/hd1 (/u file system) is not damaged, followed
1) fsck -fp /dev/hd1 by mounting that file system for user access.
2) mount /u
 -f (fast check) Won't check file systems cleanly unmounted.

 -p Will fix minor problems without prompting user whether

the problem detected should be fixed or not.
The -y option gives fsck permission to automatically repair file
fsck -y /dev/hd1 systems when necessary.

dd count=1 bs=4k skip=31 seek=1 Use this command in case the superblock is corrupted. This will
if=/dev/hd4 of=/dev/hd4 restore the BACKUP COPY of the superblock to the CURRENT
fsck /dev/hd4 2>&1 | tee copy.
/tmp/fsck.errors

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fuser

Identifies processes using a file or file system

fuser -u /dev/hd3
Sample output: /dev/hd3: 2964(root) 6615c(root) 8465(casado) 11290(bonner)

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istat

Displays dates of access for a file

istat myfile (Displays attributes about the file named myfile)

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ln

Gives a file more than one name (alias). The symbolic link (-s) allows a user to point to a file and/or a
directory. Symbolic links can link either a file or directory across a file system. Use unlink to remove a link.

Examples What it does

ln test1 test2 Creates a link from the original file named test1 to a new file named test2
ln -s /tmp ./junk Links subdirectory junk under the current directory to directory /tmp.
1) cd /u/COMPANY All the files under /u/roger will now have links to /u/COMPANY.
2) ln -s /u/roger/*
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ls

Displays the contents of a directory

Options What it does

-a Lists all entries including hidden files  that start with a "."
-d List directories only
-e Indicates if a file has extended security information - 11th character: + means yes, means no
-l Long listing - more detail
-t Sorts by time of last modification (latest listed first)
-F Puts a / (slash) after each filename if the file is a directory. An * (asterisk) after each filename if
the file can be executed. An @ for a symbolic link
-R Lists all subdirectories recursively
-b Lists garbage or hidden characters in octal

Examples What it does

ls -ld . List directory attributes for CURRENT directory
ls -ld .. List directory attributes for PARENT directory (one level up)
ls -aeltFR Lists all files and subdirectories under current directory
ls -l Displays the last time the data in a file has been changed.
ls -lc Displays the last time the attributes of a file have been changed.
ls -lu Displays the last time the data in a file has been accessed.

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mkfs

Makes a file system.

Example:

cd /u
find . -print|backup -ivqf/dev/rmt0
cd /
umount /u
mkfs dev/hd1
fsck -p /dev/hd1
mount /u
cd /u
restore -xvf/dev/rmt0

The above procedure is one way of making a file system contiguous again. Over the course of time,
thousands of additions, deletions, creation, and extensions of files and/or records will create a file system
that looks like Swiss cheese. This results in multiple disk accesses that formally may have taken only one.
As a result, the system appears sluggish.
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mount

Displays file system attributes or makes file system available for use.

Examples What it does

mount Displays attributes about all file systems that are on-line
mount /u/data Mounts the file system named /u/data for accessibility.
mount If you don't have enough room in the /tmp filesystem for a specific utility to work properly,
/usr/tmp /tmp and you do have enough room in the /usr filesystem, then you can mount the space from
the /usr filesystem onto /tmp
mount -o wsize- Set the read/write buffers to 8K to increase performance for NFS file systems. Since NFS
8192, verifies each packet that gets written to the server before it requests the next packet from
rsize=8192 the client, writes will take longer to execute than a read. By increasing the buffer size,
less I/O operations will be needed, thereby increasing performance.
mount -n cad -v Mount a remote file system (type=nfs) on the mount point named /transfer, that resides
nfs /transfer on node cad

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mv

Renames one or more files

mv report1 report2 (Renames the file named report1 to eport2)

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mvdir

Renames a directory.

mv /u/roger /u/scott (Renames the directory roger to scott)

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rm

Removes a file or directory

Examples What it does

rm -i * Will prompt the user to remove each of the files in the current directory
beforeremoving them EXCEPT for hidden files.
rm -r /u/roger/docs Will recursively remove all files and any subdirectories found under
 /u/roger/docs.
rm -i S\&e38912
Removes the file named S&38912. Since this file has a special character ('&')
that the shell treats differently than most.
-i system prompt if you wish to remove.
rm `find . -print` Removes all files from current directory including hidden files (file names such
as {}, -exec, ;, etc)
rm ./-junkfile By preceding the filename (-junkfile) with the pathname (./), you are able to hide
the '-' character that starts the filename. If this was not done, the following error
message would be generated: usage: rm [-fir] file ...
rm /home/*/mbox Removes all files named mbox found under any of the subdirectories located
in /home.

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rmfs

Removes a file system

rmfs /u
Removes a file system and the logical volume under it. The file system must be unmounted prior to the 'rmfs'
command being executed else you will get a 'BUSY' error message. The '/u' entry in /etc/filesystems will also
be removed.

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sync

Flushes system buffers to disk. There's a sync daemon (/etc/syncd) that flushes buffers automatically every
60 seconds (default).

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umount

Unmounts a file system from system usage.

umount /u
Unmounts a file system so that files found under that file system will not be able to be accessed. The
'umount' will fail if one or more users are either currently on that file system or somebody has a file opened
on that file system.

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unlink

Used to remove a link or symbolic link.

unlink MyDoc (Removes the link MyDoc from the system)