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Partition of Bengal and Simla Deputation

The document summarizes the key events surrounding the partition and reversal of Bengal in 1905-1906 and the subsequent political developments in India. It discusses the reasons for the initial partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British, including difficulties in governing a large province, countering growing Hindu nationalism, and improving relations with Muslims. However, the partition was reversed in 1906 following protests by Hindus and the Swadeshi movement. This led to the formation of the Muslim League to represent Muslim political interests, as the Congress was seen as primarily representing Hindus. The document also outlines the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and the opposition to it by the Congress due to the acceptance of separate electorates for Muslims.

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180 views2 pages

Partition of Bengal and Simla Deputation

The document summarizes the key events surrounding the partition and reversal of Bengal in 1905-1906 and the subsequent political developments in India. It discusses the reasons for the initial partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British, including difficulties in governing a large province, countering growing Hindu nationalism, and improving relations with Muslims. However, the partition was reversed in 1906 following protests by Hindus and the Swadeshi movement. This led to the formation of the Muslim League to represent Muslim political interests, as the Congress was seen as primarily representing Hindus. The document also outlines the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and the opposition to it by the Congress due to the acceptance of separate electorates for Muslims.

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Currect Orange
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PARTITION OF BENGAL, 1905

Reasons for Partition


>Largest Province in area, difficult to govern as one unit e.g: communication
>Largest Population, Bigger than entire British population.
>British Muslims relationship had detoriated since 1857, partition to improve relations
>Hindus were becoming stronger in Bengal especially with the help of congress
>East Bengal was in weak economic condition, this could be improved (Chittagong seaport,
infrastructure, Jute Mill/industrial setup)
>Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Poona ignited Hindu Nationalism, this needed countering
>In 1870’s, many secret societies sprung up against british, 1897 british officer assassinated .
Partition to reduce hindu power
Reasons for reversal:
>Lord minto assassination attempt - British feared for officer’s lives
>Swadeshi movement crippled british economy
>Congress, largest political party in India supported reversal
SIMLA DEPUTATION, 1906
Reasons why:
>Hindus protested, Muslims too few to match protest - reversal thus likely
>Congress worked primarily for Hindu interests (to protect Political Rights)
>Hindus demanded hindi be made national language instead of Urdu (to protect cultural rights)
>Extremist Groups like Arya Samaj did militant activities, converted Non hindus.
(to protect religious rights)
>New Liberal Government in India was willing to give India elected seats in the council
Importance:
>British Acceptance of Separate Electorates = Trying to work with Muslims and improve
relations
>Acceptance of Separate Electroates, gulf between two communities grew, couldn’t live
together, two nation theory strong.
>Success of this made Muslims realize their political strengths. Wanted their demands to be
accepted.
MUSLIM LEAGUE
Reasons for formation:
(All points of Simla Deputation)
>1906 Congress President refused to accept Muslims as significant community, Muslims thus
needed right protection, second largest community of India
Q: Was Pro Hindu attitude of the Congress the most important reason for the formation of
muslim league in 1906? Explain your answer
L3: Just the one Pro hindu attitude of Congress point
L4: All Muslim League points
MORLEY MINTO REFORMS – 1909
Reasons for Congress’s opposition of these reforms:
>Number of Indians in councils was increased, but only had advisory role
>Acceptance of Muslim demand of separate electorates was disliked
>Muslims were given extra seats and more political status
>Congress expected partition of Bengal reversal to happen in these reforms
Q: How Succesful was British Muslim relationship between 1906 and 1911? Explain your
answer.
Successes:
>Partition of Bengal
>Simla Deputation
>Muslim League Formation
>Morley Minto electorates
>Morley Minto seats
>Muslims didn’t participate in Swadeshi movement
Failures:
>Partition of Bengal was reversed

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