Unit 1: The Sentence and the Paragraph

Part 1: Stimulating Ideas

Exercise 2 (p. 4)

A. The first part is written as a list of sentences rather than sentences following sentences. The first
sentence is not indented. There is no margin on the left. The paragraph is not double-spaced.

B. My favorite color is blue. The color blue makes me happy. It reminds me of the blue sky when
there are no clouds and no pollution. I think about the beaches of the Caribbean islands. That is why my
house is blue. Blue also helps me relax. When I have a problem, I sit in my favorite chair, look at the blue
living room, close my eyes, and imagine the beach of a Caribbean island. My problems go away, and I
feel peaceful.

Part 2: Developing a Paragraph

Exercise 1 (p. 5)
A snake crawled across his foot and scared him.

Exercise 2 (p. 6)
1. They provide details about the scary experience.
2. He learned not to go outside without having his shoes on.

Exercise 3 (p. 7)
2. My uncle had a frightening experience as a young man.
3. Text messaging has become popular among teenagers.
4. Effective time management requires four easy steps.
5. College students drop classes for three reasons.

Exercise 4 (p. 7)
2. 
3. Video games teach children strategies for problem solving.
4. Exercise has three important health benefits.
5. 
6. 

Exercise 5 (p. 8)
Answers will vary.

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2. To have less traffic, the city should add more buses.
3. My hometown is a great place to live for two reasons.
4. Soccer is a popular sport because it has simple rules and it can be played anywhere.
5. It is easy to lose weight if you follow these simple steps.

Exercise 6 (p. 9)
2. a. SS b. SS c. TS d. SS e. SS
3. a. TS b. SS c. SS d. SS e. SS
4. a. SS b. SS c. SS d. SS e. TS
5. a. SS b. SS c. TS d. SS e. SS

Exercise 7 (p. 10)

2. c
3. a

Exercise 8 (p. 11)

2. c
3. b
4. a
5. c

Part 3: Unity and Coherence

Exercise 1 (p. 13)

The pink sheep was a gift from a neighboring child.

Exercise 2 (p. 13)

1. Many years ago, a special gift came to me in an interesting way.
2. Answers will vary. Example: The supporting ideas will tell the story of how the writer got the gift.
3. Irrelevant Sentence: I bought the truck money I received for the New Year.
4. Answers will vary. Example: I would describe the rubber sheep with more detail, and I would explain
why the sheep was special to me.

Exercise 3 (p. 14)

2. Twenty questions is an easy game to play when you are traveling.; a, d
3. Tea and coffee are very different from each other.; a, d
4. People should not buy expensive cars.; a, b, d
5. It is easy to get sports injury.; b, c
6. My city is famous because of its architecture.; a, c

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Exercise 4 (p. 15)
Thai people living in Dallas, Texas, must make many adjustments to be like Texans. First of all, they
must learn to eat many new kinds of food. For example, Texans eat hamburgers and pizza because these
foods are inexpensive and easy to find. However, most Thai people like spicy dishes made with green or
red curry. In addition, in Dallas, Thai people can meet people from other countries who have many
different cultures and languages. For example, more than 30 percent of the population in Dallas is
Mexican. Another percent of the population is Vietnamese. More than 5 percent of Dallas’s population
is originally from Pakistan. Pakistan is also an interesting country to visit. The weather in Dallas requires
another kind of adjustment. Like Thailand, Dallas has many months of hot weather, but Dallas is not as
humid as Thailand. However, Dallas also has cold winters, which are strange for Thai people. Sometimes
it even snows in Dallas. I never saw snow in Thailand. Before I came to the United States, I had worked
in a bank. There are banks in Dallas, too. Although life is different in Texas, most Thai people find Dallas
to be an interesting and exciting place to live.

Exercise 5 (p. 16)

Answers will vary. Examples:
2. A good restaurant must be clean. A good restaurant uses fresh ingredients.
3. Some people have a bowl of yogurt and fruit for breakfast. Others may have milk and cereal.
4. Small children can play on the swings and slides. Older children can ride their bikes or play basketball.
5. Young people can address them by saying “Mr.” or “Mrs.” We should all greet them kindly whenever
we see them.
6. You should always bring a flashlight. You should never forget to take insect repellent.

Exercise 6 (p. 17)

Paragraph 1: Order of importance
Paragraph 2: Time

Exercise 7 (p. 18)

Paragraph 2 has better coherence. It is organized according to order of importance.

Part 4: Editing Your Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 19)

2. She cooked and cleaned all day long.
3. My father and his brother have a small business.
4. Many bookstores in the United States offer free WiFi.
5. Indira Gandhi was prime minster of India for a total of 15 years.

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Exercise 2 (p. 20)
Answers will vary.

Exercise 3 (p. 20)

1. How did Mao Tse-tung change people’s lives in China?
2. We gathered in the Zocalo to celebrate Mexico’s independence.
3. What is the best time of year to visit Sydney, Australia?
4. I had never dreamed that glaciers would be so beautiful! / I had never dreamed that glaciers would be
so beautiful.

Exercise 4 (p. 21)

My favorite memory is about a summer trip. It happened a long time ago before my brothers got
married and moved out. My parents had seven children. All seven of us piled into one car for a summer
vacation by the beach. We traveled in that crowded car for two days! Finally we arrived at a small house
near the beach. It had one big room with many beds and another room for eating and cooking. The kids
spent all day outside. We played together in the water. Sometimes my mother made a picnic dinner.
We sat on the sand to eat and watch the sun go down. One night we brought out blankets and slept by
the water. We talked and looked at the stars until late at night. The sand was comfortable to sleep on. I
molded the sand around my body to get a better sleeping position. It was wonderful to wake up to the
sound of waves and the smell of the ocean. This wonderful summer vacation was the best experience of
my life.

Exercise 5 (p. 22)

2. Corn is my favorite vegetable.
3. It is very bright in the afternoon.
4. In the afternoon, our baby takes a two-hour nap.

Exercise 6 (p. 22)

Answers will vary.
2. There are mice living underneath my house. They make a lot of noise at night.
3. I used to eat rice and vegetables for breakfast, but now I eat cereal and milk.
4. Reading helps you learn new vocabulary. It also improves your grammar.

Exercise 7 (p. 23)

Being a part-time receptionist in a hotel provides many useful work skills for young people. First,
young people can learn about working with the public. Hotel receptionists have to interact with guests

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every day (1R). They , they also answer phone calls and make reservations. In addition, because there
(1F) are travelers from a lot of different countries, hotel receptionists learn how to interact with people
from different language and cultural backgrounds. They need to learn English (2R). It , it is the language
that most international travelers are able to speak. They also learn about other cultures (2F), which .
Which is a useful skill for a lot of international jobs in the future. Finally, hotel receptionists have to deal
with the guests' complaints (3R). They , they learn problem-solving skills. In conclusion, a part-time
hotel receptionist job gives a young person a variety of skills to use in the future.

Review: Putting It All Together

Exercise 1 (p. 24)

1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b

Exercise 2 (p. 24–25)

1. a. SS b. SS c. SS d. TS
2. a. SS b. SS c. TS d. SS
3. a. TS b. SS c. SS d. SS
4. a. SS b. TS c. SS d. SS

Exercise 3 (p. 25–26)

There They Are!
c. Now I am an adult, but I still feel joy when I go to the train station to meet someone I love.

A Wise Shopper
c. In conclusion, a wise shopper finds ways to save money on the price and to avoid buying what he does
not need.

Exercise 4 (p. 26–27)

I acquired a couch in an interesting way. I was walking to the bus stop (1) , and I saw the couch on
the sidewalk. There was a sign on the couch that read, “I am free. Take me home.” I like taking the bus
to school because I can study on the bus or read the newspaper. I really liked the couch. It had a
beautiful wooden frame and red fabric. However, there was a problem. I did not have a truck (2). My my
apartment was five blocks away. (3) Suddenly, suddenly, I saw my classmate across the street. She
usually sat next to me in a computer class. I told her my problem, (4) and she offered to help. It (5) was
a big, heavy couch, but my friend and I carried it down the street. When we got tired, we sat down to
rest on the couch. Finally, we brought it to my door, and my neighbor helped carry it upstairs. My
neighbor works in a department store. It was a funny day for me, and I like to remember this day
whenever I come home and see my beautiful red couch.

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Exercise 5 (p. 27)
1. Many children like hot chocolate in the morning.
2. They do not like coffee.
3. India has over one billion people.
4. Eva Perón was the first lady of Argentina from 1946 to 1952.
5. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first human to step on the moon.
6. Lions and tigers are two examples of wild animals.

Exercise 6 (p. 27)

1. How do airplanes stay in the sky?
2. When I got home, there were candles and fresh flowers everywhere. / When I got home, there were
candles and fresh flowers everywhere!
3. He was late to his own birthday dinner. / He was late to his own birthday dinner!
4. The guests were very happy with the food.
5. Which countries have the best beaches for surfing?

Exercise 7 (p. 27)

Answers will vary.
1. Suddenly, I fell down.
2. I like Hanoi because it has a lot of energy.
3. I was walking beside the lake with my best friend.
4. My first day in college was an exciting day for me.
5. In the morning, there is a lot of traffic on the freeway.
6. The school library is located in the student center.

Exercise 8 (p. 28)

Answers will vary.
1. We watched a movie. It was about a little girl who had lost her mother. / We watched a movie about
a little girl who had lost her mother.
2. We have a harvest moon festival every year in our city. There are parades and kiosks with noodle
soup and other delicious food.
3. I reviewed my lessons every day last semester. I passed all my tests with high grades.
4. School cafeterias should not serve junk food. They should replace it with vegetables and fruit.
5. Learning English opens a lot of doors for immigrants. For example, they can find a job more easily. /
Learning English opens a lot of doors for immigrants; for example, they can find a job more easily.
6. The man woke up in the middle of the night. It was dark outside.

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Unit 2: Descriptive Paragraphs

Step 1: Stimulating Ideas

Exercise 2 (p. 31)

Prapulla’s saris are important to her because of tradition, how beautiful they are, and the memories she
has of when she bought them.

Exercise 3 (p. 31)

1. T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. F

Exercise 4 (p. 32)

1. Prapulla's Reaction: "At the mention of skirts she had flared up so defiantly he had to leave the seat."
2. Sari Description: "She had always prized her saris, especially on the occasions when she wore her
wedding sari with its blue, hand-spun silk and its silver border on which images of the gods had been
embroidered."
3. Sari Shop: "They had at last found it in the only hand-spun sari shop in the market."
4. Prapulla’s saris are important to her because of tradition, how beautiful they are, and the memories
she has of when she bought them. Her husband probably wants her to fit in with what he expects other
women in New York will be wearing.
5. Answers will vary.

Step 2: Brainstorming and Outlining

Exercise 1 (p. 33)

Answers will vary.

Exercise 2 (p. 33–34)

A. 1. b 2. c
B. Answers will vary.

Exercise 3 (p. 34)

Answers will vary.

Exercise 4 (p. 35)

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The writer plans to travel all over the country with the car.

Exercise 5 (p. 36)

A. 1. c 2. a, c 3. a
B. 1. I own a car that has special meaning for me because it belonged to my grandfather.
2. When he was a young man, he saved money so he could buy a beautiful car to use on trips around the
country.
3. Answers will vary. Examples: It was white and blue with silver trim. The steering wheel had a brown
leather cover.
4. My grandfather took very good care of the car; If it has problems, I will fix it myself; I plan to take
very good care of my grandfather’s car.
5. trim: silver
circles on the tires: white
seats: white
dashboards: black
mats: gray
steering wheel cover: brown

Exercise 6 (p. 37)

Author’s general feeling: It has special meaning for him.
Background information: His father saved up to buy it and then drove around the country in it.
Descriptive details: beautiful, Cadillac convertible, white and blue with silver trim, white circles on the
tires, powerful horn, white seats, black dashboard, brown leather cover on the steering wheel,
grandfather took very good care of the car, has original motor, body is intact
Author’s feelings: He is happy the car has its original motor and the body is intact. He will fix the car
himself if it has problems. He plans to take very good care of the car.
Restated idea: The car is very important to the author because it belonged to his grandfather.

Step 3: Developing Your Ideas

Exercise 1 (p. 37)
Answers will vary.
The author thinks the abacus is a useful tool to learn math.

Exercise 2 (p. 38–39)

Answers will vary.
A. 1. An abacus helps teach and do math.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
B. 1. I have an ancient abacus from my mother’s village.
2. b
3. looks: “wooden frame”; “ten metal bars”; “beads slide across the bar”

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sounds: “beads click as they hit each other”; “one, click, two, click, three, click”; “each click puts
emphasis on the numbers”
other: “easier to understand”; “touch the beads and can see why the answer is correct.”

Exercise 3 (p. 40)

2. a
3. b
4. b
5. a

Exercise 4 (p. 40)

Answers will vary. Examples:
2. Maria found her grandmother’s earrings in the basement.
3. My mother gave me 75 dollars.
4. I like my battered old desk.
5. My father enjoyed making birdhouses.
6. My grandparents collected pottery from different regions of Mexico.
7. We always have potatoes and a salad with dinner.

Exercise 5 (p. 41)

A. When I left my home town, my relative gave me a special box. She said I could use the box to keep
my treasures. The box was made of a special material, and it was painted a bright color. When I opened
it, it played a pretty song. I kept this box on my dresser, and I used it to store my things. Unfortunately, I
lost my beautiful box when I moved to a different city. I will always remember the box and the relative
who gave it to me.
2. Who was your relative?
3. What was the box made of?
4. What color was the box? Was it only one color?
5. What song did it play?
6. What did you store in the box?
7. Where did you move?
B. Answers will vary. Example:
When I left Tegucigalpa, my aunt gave me a special box. She said I could use the box to keep my
treasures. The box was made of cedar wood, and it was painted bright red. When I opened it, it played a
beautiful waltz. I kept this box on my dresser, and I used it to store my photographs. Unfortunately, I
lost my beautiful box when I moved to Vancouver, Canada. I will always remember the box and my aunt
who gave it to me.

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Step 4: Editing Your Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 43)

2. I am fond of my house plant.
3. It has broad, green leaves and delicate, white flowers.
4. I bought a straw hat at a music festival.
5. It was not expensive, but I liked it because it was practical and attractive.
6. I bought my mug at a small tourist shop at the Lima airport.
7. We planted a vegetable garden behind the house.
8. Friendly people are usually happy.
9. She has a different idea.
10. My favorite books are historical novels.

Exercise 2 (p. 44)

Answers will vary.
2. I love my red racing bicycle.
3. No one understands why I still wear my old, torn jeans.
4. If I could only save one thing from a fire, it would be my big, comfortable reading chair.
5. The baby grand piano in my parents’ house is located in the living room.
6. My mother gave me her precious ruby ring.
7. I have a cactus plant and a beautiful Siamese cat.
8. There is a pine tree next to the red brick house.

Exercise 3 (p. 46)

Answers will vary. Examples:
2. My classmates are friendly.
3. My parents are intelligent.
4. My cousins and I are athletic.
5. I am serious.

Exercise 4 (p. 46)

Answers will vary.
2. My father is a businessman.
3. Someone who writes novels is a novelist.
5. There are buildings downtown.
6. Someone who designs houses is an architect.

Exercise 5 (p. 46)

I have a new digital camera, and I am very excited about using it because it has so many useful
features useful. I do not need to spend a lot of time focusing it. It has automatic focus. People do not
have to wait a long time for me to take their picture. In addition, its lens is powerful. I can photograph a

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person and scenery. Both are clear when I print the (1) final finals pictures. Another feature allows me
to delete (2) blurry pictures blurry. I save a lot of money because I do not have to print (3) ugly uglys
pictures. I am very excited about my new camera. It is easy, and I can take (4) interesting interestings
pictures with it. I expect to have a lot of fun with it.

Review: Putting It All Together

Exercise 1 (p. 48)

Answers will vary.
1. I am reading Pride and Prejudice.
2. In the photograph, the person is holding a newborn baby.
3. Laura went to Honduras and Nicaragua for a while.
4. It is a picture of The Great Wall of China.
5. The water flows through the Amazon Rain Forest.
6. Our room looked out over the Pacific Ocean.

Exercise 2 (p. 48)

Answers will vary.
1. My twin brother owned a silver sports car.
2. My best friend has a married older sister.
3. The dead man was a history teacher.
4. This tiny object is actually a powerful and expensive computer.

Exercise 3 (p. 49)

Answers will vary. Examples:
1. My parent’s home is a small, ranch-style house.
2. My neighbors are veterinarians.
3. The buildings in my neighborhood are small and quaint.
4. 4. My best friend is a bilingual insurance agent.

Exercise 4 (p. 49)

My most valuable possession is a hand-made Persian carpet. My parents gave it to me as a
wedding gift right before I married my husband. This carpet is made of wool and silk. It is rectangular,
and it has a gold fringe along the borders. The colors of my carpet are mostly dark red on a cream-
colored background, but there are also blue and (1) brown browns designs woven into it. In the center
of the carpet, a round medallion is decorated with (2) exquisite exquisites lines and curves. The carpet
is not thick (3) or soft, but it is lovely to look at. I keep it in my living room because it reminds me of my
(4) wonderful parents wonderful, and the (5) beautiful country beautiful where it was made.

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Unit 3: Example Paragraphs

Step 1: Stimulating Ideas

Exercise 2 (p. 54)

He discovered that the moon isn’t smooth, there are more stars than formerly known, the Milky way
was a cluster of stars, and Jupiter has four moons.

Exercise 3 (p. 54)

1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. F

Exercise 4 (p. 56)

Answers will vary.

Step 2: Brainstorming and Outlining

Exercise 1 (p. 57)

Answers will vary.

Exercise 2 (p. 57)

Answers will vary.

Exercise 3 (p. 58)

Answers will vary. Examples:
A. Personality: serious, friendly, charismatic
Feelings: anxious, contented, cheerful
Appearance: attractive, elegant, unkempt
Characteristics: optimistic, charming, generous
B. Answers will vary.

Exercise 4 (p. 59)

The title is “A Great Man” because the paragraph is about an important person in history.

Exercise 5 (p. 60)

A. 1. The writer explains that Mandela was the first in his family to go to school, he became a lawyer, he
established the first black law firm in South Africa, he became President of South Africa, and he won the

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Nobel Prize.
2. Mandela suffered because his father died when he was very young. Mandela also spent many years in
prison.
3. Answers will vary.
4. Answers will vary.
B. 1. The South African leader Nelson Mandela changed history, but he suffered a lot.
2. 8
3. Answers will vary. Example: The purpose of the second sentence is to show that Mandela was the son
of a leader, and also that his parents probably expected him to be a great person.
4. 7
5. 2
6. He is a great and courageous man. Yes.
7. Answers will vary. Examples: The author admires Mandela, and says he changed history. I can tell this
because the author writes that Mandela only made trouble for those who did not do the right thing, and
includes many supporting sentences about Mandela’s accomplishments.

Step 3: Developing Your Ideas

Exercise 1 (p. 61)

The game is soccer.

Exercise 2 (p. 61–62)

A. 1. His favorite sport is soccer. He is athletic, committed, and a good team player.
2. basketball and swimming
3. “One of the leagues is just for fun, so he can mess around with our cousins and friends. The other
league is more serious.”
B. 1. My brother is an athletic guy.
2. The author will give examples of the sports that his brother plays.
3. He and his friends joke while they play and have a good time.
4. Playing sports is the thing that he enjoys most, and he especially likes soccer because he feels happy
when he and his team play well together. Yes.
5. He mentions that his brother especially likes soccer, and gives another reason why.

Exercise 3 (p. 63)

2. a, c
3. b, c
4. a, c
5. b, c

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Exercise 4 (p. 64)
Answers will vary.
2. For example, he always greets patients in a friendly way.
3. For example, I have trouble sleeping at night because they often play loud music.
4. For example, she tells funny stories about her family.
5. For instance, he runs away when his mother calls him.
6. For example, she plays softball and runs marathons.
7. For instance, she makes beautiful bowls, plates, cups, and vases.
8. For example, it was built with recycled materials and it uses solar power.

Exercise 4 (p. 65)

Answers will vary.
2. I have two jobs. I go to school full-time.
3. There are science and art museums. There is a very nice zoo.
4. Cell phones are useful for finding people in airports. Cell phones are useful for calling for help if your
car breaks down.
5. She has long black hair. She has big brown eyes.
6. They let us borrow their tools. They often invite us for dinner.
7. They save gas. They are becoming less expensive.
8. I enjoy many kinds of fruit. My favorite vegetable is broccoli.

Step 4: Editing Your Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 67)

Answers will vary. Examples:
2. My cousin writes for the local newspaper.
3. Most of my classmates take the bus to school.
4. My best friend lives near me.
5. The children in my neighborhood love to play in the park.
6. My teacher speaks four languages.
7. My favorite actor won a Golden Globe award.
8. My parents enjoy gardening.

Exercise 2 (p. 69)

2. owns
3. cook
4. do not work
5. receives
6. takes

Exercise 3 (p. 69)

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 My sisters are both talented people. Vanessa and Rita are is musicians. Vanessa is a piano
player, and Rita (1) plays play the guitar. They are students at the High School for the Performing
Arts. Vanessa and some other girls in her class (2) are is guest performers at community events
nearly every weekend. This (3) is are good practice for them because they (4) want wants to play
professionally one day. My other sister, Rita, is younger than Vanessa. She is not ready to perform
yet, but she (5) plays play the guitar very well. She usually (6) performs perform for our family. My
sisters (7) work works hard. Every day when they (8) come comes home, they play music for us. We
(9) feel feels lucky to have such talented people in our family.

Review: Putting It All Together

Exercise 1 (p. 71)

1. a, b, d
2. b, c, d
3. a, b, d
4. a, c
5. b, c

Exercise 2 (p. 72)

Answers will vary.
1. They worry about their grades. Many of them are living away from home for the first time.
2. An organized person can find things easily. An organized person gets more work done.
3. I had a lot of friends. I lived at home with my parents, and I did not have to work.
4. I enjoy playing games on computers. I can easily do research on the Internet.
5. You can go scuba diving. You can go surfing in the waves.

Exercise 3 (p. 72)

Answers will vary. Examples:
1. Writing a good paragraph takes time and patience.
2. Careful drivers look before turning.
3. A tourist takes a lot of photographs.
4. My hometown has many temples and shrines.
5. A hero saves people.
6. A smart phone takes pictures.

Exercise 4 (p. 73)

1. drive
2. performs
3. does not agree

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4. watches
5. share
6. studies

Exercise 5 (p. 73)

The most important quality of a friend is honesty. An honest friend never (1) lies lie about
anything. She (2) tells tell you, for example, if she (3) disagrees disagree with you on an issue.
When you ask for advice, she tells you the truth even when it is difficult. When you (4) ask asks an
honest opinion about the clothes you are wearing, she tells you if they are inappropriate. If you (5)
do does something bad, an honest friend (6) does do not hesitate to give you sincere feedback. This
honesty (7) results result in trust between you and your friend. In short, honesty (8) is are the most
important characteristic that I look for in a friend.

Unit 4: Process Paragraphs

Step 1: Stimulating Ideas

Exercise 2 (p. 79)

If a shark attacks you, you should fight back.

Exercise 3 (p. 79)

1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T

Exercise 4 (p. 80)

Answers will vary.
1. People are in areas where sharks are eating.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.

Step 2: Brainstorming and Outlining

Exercise 1 (p. 81–82)

A. Answers will vary.

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3. Dig a deep hole.
5. If they have sunshine and water, they will stay healthy.
6. Prune the roses.
B. Answers will vary.

Exercise 2 (p. 82)

A. 1. a
2. a, b, c
3. b
B. Answers will vary.

Exercise 3 (p. 83)

A. Measure: the width, the height, the volume
Use: a screwdriver, a saw, pliers
Complete: a job, a task, a report
Check: the schedule, the agenda, the roster
Insert: a cord, a cable, rod
Ask: an expert, a consultant, for assistance
B. Answers will vary.

Exercise 4 (p. 84)

The word “royalty” refers to roses.

Exercise 5 (p. 84–85)

A. 1. The purpose of the first sentence is to get the reader’s attention.
2. Topic sentence: Many people say they are as difficult to maintain as kings and queens, but roses are
actually quite easy to grow if you follow these steps.
3. Answers will vary. Example: Yes, I don’t understand what season is the best time to plant a rose bush.
4. Answers will vary. Example: Yes, but I would need some help choosing the kind of rose to plant where
I live.
B. 1. B
2. a, b, c, d
3. First, Later, after, After, Then, Next, Then, Finally, When
4. If you continue to take care of your roses in this simple way, they will produce beautiful flowers year
after year; b

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Step 3: Developing Your Ideas

Exercise 1 (p. 86)

The secret to a successful vacation is a well-packed suitcase.

Exercise 2 (p. 86–87)

Answers will vary. Examples:
A. 1. I make a list of items I need before I pack.
2. To make sure you pack everything you need.
3. Travel websites, travel magazines, travel section of the newspaper.
4. I would mention packing things like shampoo separately in plastic bags.
B.
Topic Sentence: This and other disasters can be avoided if you follow certain steps
when you pack your suitcase.

Steps Main Step Supporting Details

2 Gather the items you will need for For example, if you plan to go hiking in
your activities. the mountains, you will need hiking
boots and comfortable clothes.
3 Now that you have your travel Start with large items such as books or
plans and list, you are ready to shoes. Stuff socks into your shoes to
pack. save space. Then place shoes in plastic
bags and fit them into the corners of
your suitcase. There should be plenty
of room for the clothes. To avoid
wrinkles, layer your clothes and roll
them up. Put the rolls of clothing into
the suitcase. Then put in the smaller
items.
4 Finally, before you close your Make sure you have not forgotten
suitcase, check your list your swimsuit!
Concluding Sentence: Take your time when you pack your suitcase because a well-
packed suitcase is the secret to a good travel experience.

Exercise 3 (p. 88)

a. 2
b. 5
c. 3
d. 8
e. 7

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f. 6
g. 4
h. 1

Exercise 4 (p. 89)

Answers will vary.
2. before
3. After
4. Later,
5. Finally,

Exercise 5 (p. 90)

Answers will vary.
Topic: how to buy a used car
Step 1: Think about what kind of car you need and how much you can spend.
Step 2: Go to car dealerships and test drive the cars you are interested in.
Step 3: After you find a good car, you will have to bargain about the price. Do not pay the first price they
ask. After you agree, you can fill out the paperwork, and the car is yours.
Topic: how to use a search engine
Step 1: Open a browser and type in the URL for a search engine.
Step 2: Type in keywords for what you want to find, and click Search.
Step 3: Look through the results for one that seems like the best match for your needs.

Step 4: Editing Your Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 92)

3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13

Exercise 2 (p. 93)

2. Fill water bottles and put them in the freezer the night before.
3. Dress in comfortable clothing and sneakers or sandals.
4. Debug your hard drive periodically.
5. Replace the water in the tank every week or two.
6. Do not leave the fire unattended.

Exercise 3 (p. 95)

Answers will vary.
2. must
This is required by law.

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3. must
This is a law.
4. should
This a suggestion or a recommendation, but is not required.
5. must
This is a strong prohibition.

Exercise 4 (p. 95)

Answers will vary.
2. You must use a bulb with the correct wattage. You should not change the bulb before turning off the
light.
3. You must fill out an application. You should not arrive late to the job interview.
4. You should not drive fast. You must turn on your windshield wipers and your headlights.

Exercise 5 (p. 96)

1. You should not use cell phones while driving.
2. You must use signals when you change lanes.
3. You should not smoke while you pump gas.
4. You should not eat while you drive.
5. You must stop to let children cross the street.
6. You do not have to drive with lights on during the day.

Exercise 6 (p. 96)

If you are serious about managing your time better, you should follow following this procedure. It
will help you to have more control over your time. First, you need to figure out how you actually spend
your time. (1) Make You make a list of all the things you do daily. (2) Write Writing down how much
time you spend on each thing. Include activities like talking on the telephone or buying a cup of coffee.
Your list will be quite long. Then find the activities that you can eliminate from your daily routine. It may
be hard to give up a trip to the coffee shop, but you can do it. You must (3) go going to work, so you
cannot eliminate that item, but you will probably find other items that are not necessary. You should (4)
drop dropped those unnecessary activities to make time for more important things. Next, prepare a
schedule for yourself. (5) Be Being realistic about the time of day you choose for certain activities. Make
a schedule that you can follow. (6) Try not Not try to do too much. If you follow these steps and manage
your schedule carefully, you will have a happier, more organized life.

Review: Putting It All Together

Exercise 1 (p. 98)

1. First,

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2. Second,
3. Next, OR Then
4. Then OR Next,
5. Finally,

Exercise 2 (p. 99)

1. Buy a good fishing rod.
2. Warn the patient before you give him an injection.
3. Type your log-in ID and your password.
4. Jog slowly at first.

Exercise 3 (p. 99)

1. should not
2. must
3. should not
4. should
5. must
6. should
7. should
8. should not

Unit 5: Narrative Paragraphs

Step 1: Stimulating Ideas

Exercise 2 (p. 105)

Everyone seems nervous and uncomfortable.

Exercise 3 (p. 105)

1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F

Exercise 4 (p. 106)

Answers will vary.
1. He describes the environment as chaotic and quiet at the same time.
2. They might be nervous, tired, or uncomfortable.

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3. He uses the words spinning and swaying. Anand might be feeling this way because the floors are
uneven and move under the bed.

Step 2: Brainstorming and Outlining

Exercise 1 (p. 107)

Answers will vary.

Exercise 2 (p. 108)

A. 1. c
2. d
3. b
4. a
5. c
B. Answers will vary. The first answer should be formal in tone. The second should be informal.

Exercise 3 (p. 109)

Answers will vary. Examples:
1. familiar
2. ecstatic, miserable
3. laughed, sneezed
4. annoyed, embarrassed
5. pride, appreciation

Exercise 4 (p. 110)

The meal was memorable because the author ate it with Sergio Verdirame, the author’s favorite soccer
player.

Exercise 5 (p. 110–111)

A. 1. He went to the hotel to get his favorite soccer players’autographs.
2. “I told my legs to start moving.”; “My voice was trembling.”; “My hands were shaking.”; “I could not
eat or talk.”
3. Answers will vary.
B. 1. When I was thirteen years old, I had a great surprise. I learn that the writer was young when the
event occurred and that he will explain a surprise that happened to him.
2. a. 3 b. 4 c. 1 d. 2 e. 5
3. b

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Step 3: Developing Your Ideas

Exercise 1 (p. 112)

The author felt very nervous, and his stomach did not feel normal.

Exercise 2 (p. 113)

Answers will vary.
A. 1. He means his stomach was bothering him. He probably felt nervous, excited, and scared.
2. He was probably worried that if he thought about how dangerous it was, he would decide not to
jump.
3. When we are excited or afraid, time appears to go slower or faster. The writer wants to show this.
4. He means he was not worried about everyday problems at that moment.
B. 1. For my 25th birthday, my favorite uncle gave me a gift certificate to go skydiving at a special place
near Miami. The topic sentence tells how old the writer was, what he is going to do, and the location.
2. The author, his uncle, and the staff person on the plane.
3. the most incredible moments of my life, floating completely free, all my problems were gone,
awesome, wonderful moments
4. I like to take photos too.
5. Those wonderful moments helped me to realize that I am the kind of person who likes to take risks,
and I hope I always will be.; He learned that he enjoys taking risks.

Exercise 3 (p. 114)

2. E
3. E
4. S
5. S
6. S
7. E
8. S
9. S

Exercise 4 (p. 115)

Answers will vary. Examples:
2. The fish was spicy and slightly sweet, and it melted in my mouth.
3. We could see purples, reds, yellows, whites, and pinks, and the smell of jasmine mixed with Gardenia
was heavenly.
4. There was trash everywhere, and it smelled like a garbage can.
5. I remember the feel of cool water flowing over my body.
6. It smelled of coffee and spices, and there was always the sound of conversation.
7. The sound of drums penetrated our being and moved us to dance.
8. The clay felt soft, and I massaged it into small pot.

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Exercise 5 (p. 116)
Answers will vary. Examples:
2. She always wrote funny stories that made me laugh, and I realized that she was a cheerful person no
matter what happened to her.
3. Now, I always feel glad when I see him at the end of the day.
4. I experienced many emotions mixed together including fear and excitement.
5. I was terrified and wanted to run away.
6. I was filled with pride and a sense of relief.
7. I felt scared and lost.
8. Although I was exhausted, I felt a rush of energy.
9. I had never before felt so mortified.

Exercise 6 (p. 117)

a. 1
b. 7
c. 3
d. 2
e. 8
f. 5
g. 4
h. 6

Exercise 7 (p. 118)

Answers will vary. Examples:
A few years ago, my two older brothers and I went hiking in the mountains. We left our camp on a
bright winter morning. We were hiking through thick pine forests. Soon it began to snow, and we could
not see well. Later, we stopped to eat lunch, and my oldest brother said we should turn around because
we were losing the trail in the snow. Going back down the mountain was harder because it was icy and
slippery, and we could not find the way because of the snow. Eventually, I found the muddy trail, and
we were able to return to our camp. After that experience, I realized it is very important to be careful
when hiking in the mountains.

Step 4: Editing Your Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 121)

Answers will vary.
2. talked
3. carried

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4. called, arrived
5. served
6. were
7. met, was
8. climbed, found
9. traveled, visited
10. were, drank
11. stopped
12. clapped, played

Exercise 2 (p. 122)

Two years ago, my friends and I decided decide to hike a mountain in my country. We (1)
woke wake up very early in the morning that day. We brought some fruit and drinks for breakfast.
After we ate our fruit, we (2) wanted want to climb the mountain. We got to the top at about 10:00
a.m. It was very beautiful. We (3) stayed stay there and talked, but after a while, we wanted to hike
some more. We did not (4) bring brought food, but we had some water, and we started climbing
another mountain. We (5) became become tired, but we did not (6) want wanted to stop. We (7)
were was thirsty, too, but we did not (8) have had enough water. Finally, we met some people, and
they gave us drinks and helped us. That day, I (9) learned learn to be very careful when I go hiking
in the mountains.

Exercise 3 (p. 123)

Answers will vary. Examples.
2. I was visiting my parents last night at 6:00 pm.
3. I was sitting in a class this morning at 10:00 am.
4. I was living in Mexico last year at this time.
5. I was thinking about my accounting test while I was coming to school.

Exercise 4 (p. 123–124)

2. I lived in Bogotá when I had a terrible car accident. / I was living in Bogotá when I had a terrible
car accident.
3. I worked on my paper and watched the game when he called. / I was working on my paper and
watching the game when he called.
4. A stranger stood in the doorway when we arrived home. / A stranger was standing in the
doorway when we arrived home.
5. We drove to the hospital when my wife told the taxi driver to stop the car. / We were driving to
the hospital when my wife told the taxi driver to stop the car.
6. In those days I worked and went to school, so I didn’t have much free time. / In those days I was
working and going to school, so I didn’t have much free time.

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Exercise 5 (p. 124)
About two years ago, I enrolled in a scuba diving course. My scuba diving teacher had was having
a big surprise: I (1) didn’t know wasn’t knowing how to swim. In fact, I was afraid of water. When I was
a child, my parents tried to help me, so they (2) made make me take many swimming courses. Although
I (3) tried try hard, I did not (4) learn learning to swim. When I enrolled in the scuba diving course, I was
still afraid of water. Every day when I entered the swimming pool, I (5) battled battle with my fear.
Fortunately, my courage won every time. Finally, one day while I (6) was practicing my dive, I realized
that I was (7) doing do very well. After six months of hard work, I completed the course. It is true that I
was always the worst of the group, but in my own evaluation, I was a champion. I (8) conquered
conquer my fear of water. For me, this experience was very important. It was a test of courage, and I
passed it.

Review: Putting It All Together

Exercise 1 (p. 126)

1. S
2. E
3. S
4. E
5. S
6. E

Exercise 2 (p. 126)

a. 1
b. 3
c. 7
d. 4
e. 2
f. 6
g. 8
h. 5
i. 9

Exercise 3 (p. 127)

Three years ago, I was living in an exciting and adventurous place: French Guiana. My husband
and I (1) owned own a lovely house that was right next to the jungle. Many animals lived there,
such as crocodiles, monkeys, poisonous spiders, jaguars, tigers, and snakes. People often (2)
warned warn us that our house was too close to the jungle, but we (3) enjoyed enjoying the house
so much that we decided to stay. Then one morning I had a frightening adventure. I was (4)

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planning plan to go for a swim in the pool. I put on my swimsuit, went outside, and (5) started start
to cross the patio. I was (6) taking take off my jacket to dive into the water when suddenly, I had a
big surprise. A big snake was (7) swimming swim in my pool and (8) moving move quickly toward
me. I could not breathe. It seemed as though it (9) was staring at me for a long time. I ran into the
house to call the police. When they (10) arrived arrive, the snake was gone. That day I learned to
never jump into that pool before inspecting it for visitors.

Unit 6: The Sentence and the Paragraph

Step 1: Stimulating Ideas

Exercise 2 (p. 133)

The author uses the term “healthy city” to refer to a city that promotes healthy lifestyles and a healthy
environment.

Exercise 3 (p. 134)

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T

Exercise 4 (p. 134)

1. It encourages exercise because people walk more, businesses don’t have to provide as much parking,
air quality is improved, and there is less traffic.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.

Step 2: Brainstorming and Outlining

Exercise 1 (p. 135)

Answers will vary.

Exercise 2 (p. 136)

Answers will vary.

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Exercise 3 (p. 135–137)
A. Environment: climate, weather, air quality
Jobs and Education: companies, schools, universities
Safety: police, crime, walkways
Shopping: department stores, grocery stores, gift shops
Tourist Attractions: zoos, amusement parks, museums, monuments
Natural Beauty: beaches, mountains, canyons, vegetation
Public Transportation: trains, buses, subway system, trolleys
B. 2. g,
3. h
4. f
5. a
6. b
7. d
8. c
9. e
10. k
11. i
C. Answers will vary.

Exercise 4 (p. 138)

St. Petersburg has beautiful architecture, great museums, a walking culture, and convenient public
transportation.

Exercise 5 (p. 138–139)

A. Answers will vary.
B. 1. My favorite city to live in is St. Petersburg, Russia.
2. b
3. Whether you live in St. Petersburg or just visit, it is a fantastic place to be. c

Step 3: Developing Your Ideas

Exercise 1 (p. 140)

Da Lat is a paradise because of its pleasant climate, beautiful places, and good hotels and restaurants.

Exercise 2 (p. 140–141)

Answers will vary.
A. 1. It has hotels for honeymooners and stylish restaurants.
2. Answers will vary.

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3. It’s important that the city have many fun things to do.
B. 1. In Vietnam, the best place to spend a honeymoon is the beautiful mountain city called Da Lat.; a
2. three reasons
3. a, b, c
4. Da Lat is the Vietnamese people’s first choice for a honeymoon because it has a pleasant climate, many
beautiful places to visit, and good hotels and restaurants.; c.

Exercise 3 (p. 142)

1. a. fact, b. explanation, c. experience, d. fact
2. a. explanation, b. fact, c. experience, d. fact
3. a. explanation, b. explanation, c. experience, d. fact

Exercise 4 (p. 143)

Answers will vary.

Step 4: Editing Your Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 145)

2. is
3. are
4. are
5. is
6. is
7. are

Exercise 2 (p. 146)

2. There are no houses on the island.
3. There are colorful birds in the jungle.
4. There are many international restaurants downtown.
5. There are many vendors on the beach.

Exercise 3 (p. 146)

2. because
3. because of
4. because

Exercise 4 (p. 147)

Answers will vary.
2. My city is beautiful because of the many trees and the clear blue skies.

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3. Shanghai is interesting because it has many cultural events.
4. A small town is perfect for a family with children because it is safer than a big city.
5. I do not want to live in a big city because of the pollution.

Exercise 5 (p. 147)

I was very sad when I had to leave Rio de Janeiro because it is the best place on Earth. Naturally, I like
this city because of it is my hometown. However, others are fond of Rio, too, for different reasons. First, Rio
is well known because (1) of its many beautiful people, especially in the beach neighborhoods such as
Ipanema. They look especially stunning when they dress up in costumes and dance in the streets. Rio is also
popular because (2) of its natural beauty. The city is on the Atlantic Ocean. There (3) are is a lot of beaches,
and they are full of activity every day. You can see great geological formations, such as the granite mountain
called Sugar Loaf. On another peak named Corcovado, you can see an enormous statue that looks over
the city. Finally, Rio is a popular destination for people who enjoy tranquility. Across the center of the
city, in the middle of all the noise, there (4) are is the most beautiful botanical gardens filled with exotic
varieties of plants and animals. In short, Rio de Janeiro is a popular city because (5) of its people, natural
beauty, and diverse places to visit.

Review: Putting It All Together

Exercise 1 (p. 149)

1. a. fact, b. fact, c. experience, d. explanation
2. a. fact, b. explanation, c. fact, d. experience
3. a. experience, b. fact, c. fact, d. explanation

Exercise 2 (p. 150)

1. There are whales off the coast of Salvador Bahia in Brazil during the winter and spring.
2. There is gold in China.
3. There are no penguins in Iran.
4. There is no cure for cancer.
5. There are many stories about the first blue-eyed tribes that lived in Argentina.
6. There are many beautiful terraced hillsides in Afghanistan.

Exercise 3 (p. 150)

1. because of
2. because
3. because
4. because
5. because of
6. because of

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