Mathematics: Quarter 2 - Module 4 Operations On Rational Algebraicexpressions
Mathematics: Quarter 2 - Module 4 Operations On Rational Algebraicexpressions
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 4
Operations on Rational
AlgebraicExpressions
Table of Content
Lesson 1:
Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expressions…………………………….1
What I Need to Know………………………………………………………1
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Multiply Fractions!)………………………..1
What Is It…………………………………………………………………….1
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s try this!)……………………………………2
What Is It………………………………………………………………….…3
What’s More (Activity 3:Let’s try more of this!)………………………….3
What’s New…………………………………………………………………4
What I Have Learned (Activity 4:Generalization)……………………….4
What I Can Do (Activity 5:Let’s do this!)…………………………………4
Lesson 2:
Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions………………..……………….5
What’s In…………………………………………………………………….5
What I Need to Know……………………………………………………....5
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Divide Fractions!)…………..……………..5
What Is It…………………………………………………………………….5
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Divide this!)……………………………….6
What’s New………………………………………………………………….7
What I Have Learned (Activity 3:Generalization)……………………….7
What I Can Do (Activity 4:Let’s do this!)…………………………………7
Lesson 3:
Adding and Subtracting Rational Algebraic Expressions …….….8
What’s In…………………………………………………………………….8
What I Need to Know (Adding and Subtracting Similar Rational
Algebraic Expressions) ……………………………………………………8
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Add and Subtract Fractions!)…………….8
What Is It…………………………………………………………………….9
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Add and Subtract this!)…………………..9
What’s New………………………………………………………………..10
What Is It (Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar Rational Algebraic
Expressions) ………………………………………………………………10
What’s More (Activity 3:Let’s Add and Subtract this!)…………………11
What’s New………………………………………………………………..11
What I Have Learned (Activity 4:Generalization)……………………...11
What I Can Do (Activity 5:Let’s do this!)………………………………..11
Lesson 4:
Complex Rational Algebraic Expressions………………..…………….12
What’s In…………………………………………………………………...12
What I Need to Know……………………………………………………..12
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Simplify!)…………..…………..…………12
What Is It…………………………………………………………………...13
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Solve this!)………………….…………...15
What’s New………………………………………………………………..15
What I Have Learned (Activity 3:Generalization)……………………...15
What I Can Do (Activity 4:Let’s do this!)………………………………..15
Lesson 5:
Application on Rational Algebraic Expressions……………………..16
What’s In…………………………………………………………………...16
What I Need to Know……………………………………………………..16
What’s New (Activity 1:Let’s Find my Formula!)…………..…………..16
What Is It…………………………………………………………………...17
What’s More (Activity 2:Let’s Solve this!)………………….…………...18
What’s New………………………………………………………………..19
What I Have Learned (Activity 3:Generalization)……………………...19
What I Can Do (Activity 4:Let’s do this!)………………………………..19
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………..19
Assessment: (Post-Test)……………………………………………………………...20
Key to Answers………………………………………………………………………….21
References………………………………………………………………………………..22
What This Module is About
1
Icons of this Module(Pls complete this page)
What I Know
Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter that
you think is the best answer to each question on a sheet of paper. Answer all items.
After taking and checking this short test, take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through in this module.
(For exercises 1-3, multiply or divide.) Perform the indicated operation and incircle
the letter that correspond to your answer .(Write each answer in lowest terms.)
9(t +d ) 10(t +d ) 25 27
1. ÷ a. 3 ( t+ d )2 b. c. d.
5 6 27 25
27
25(t+ d)
(For exercises 4-7, add or subtract. Write each answer in lowest terms.)
3 r+ 1 r +9 2r +10 2r −8 4 r +10
4. − a. b. c. d. 2
r−4 r −4 r−4 r −4 r −4
2
r−1 r−2 2 r 2−4 2
7. 2 + 2 a. b. r −1 c. d.
r −r −2 r −4 (r −2)( r+ 2)(r +1) r +1
2
(r +2)(r +1)
3−t
6 5(3+t) 5 5 5
8. a. b. c. d.
9−t 2 2 2(3+t) 2(3−t 3 ) 2(3−t )
15
x
−y 2
3 x x− y
9.
y−
x
a.( 3
−y ) b.
x+ y
c. −1 d.
3
x−3 y
x+ 3 y
10. Maria can paddle her canoe 2 miles upstream against the current in the same
time it would take her to paddle 6 miles downstream. Maria can paddle 2 mph
in still water. What is the speed of the current?
3
Lesson Multiplying Rational
1 Algebraic Expressions
a c ac
∙ = ,bd ≠ 0
b d bd
What’s New
2 7 3 2 8 33
1. ∙ 2. ∙ 3. ∙
7 8 4 3 11 40
What Is It
2 7 (2 )( 7 ) ( 2 ) ( 7 ) 2 2 2 1 1
∙ = = = = = = =
7 8 ( 7 )( 8 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) 8 ( 2 )( 2 ) ( 2 ) (2 )( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4
1
Rational expressions are multiplied the same way as you would multiply
regular fractions.
5t 4
Illustrative example 1: Find the product of and 2 .
8 3t
4x 3 x2 y2
Illustrative example 2: Multiply and .
3y 10
What’s More
10u v 2 6 x 2 y 2
1. ∙
3 x y 2 5 u2 v 2
2 ab c
2. ∙
3 c2 a2
2
What Is It
(Sir kindly fix your write ups. dili makita ang factors nga e cancel out)
2 x +1 x+ 1
Illustrative example 3: Multiply the rational expressions ∙ .
x 2−1 2 x 2+ x
Factor out
Simplify
1 1 1
What’s More
x 2−3 x x 2−4
1. ∙
x2 +3 x−10 x2 −x−6
3
x 2+ 2 x +1 y 2−1
2. ∙
y 2−2 y+ 1 x 2−1
a2−2 ab+ b2 a−1
3. ∙
a2 −1 a−b
What’s New
For you to learn more about Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expression, just
click the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RROSgr4oXjU.
Activity 4: Generalization
What I Can do
4
Lesson Dividing Rational
2 Algebraic Expressions
What’s In
What’s New
1 3 5 9 9 3
1. ÷ 2. ÷ 3. ÷
2 4 2 4 2 4
What Is It
5
Rational expressions are divided the same way as you would divide regular
fractions.
6 a b2 9 a2 b2
Illustrative example 1: Find the quotient of and .
4 cd 8 c2 d
Multiply the dividend by the
reciprocal of the divisor.
2 x 2+ x −6 x 2−2 x−8
Illustrative example 2: Divide by .
2 x 2 +7 x+5 2 x 2−3 x−20
What’s More
81 xz 3 27 x2 z 2
1. ÷
36 y 12 xy
2 a+2 b 4
2. ÷
a2 +ab a
6
16 x 2−9 16 x 2+ 24 x+ 9
3. ÷
6−5 x−4 x 2 4 x 2+ 11 x+6
What’s New
For you to learn more about Dividing Rational Algebraic Expression, just click
the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMVOdIDNjpA.
Activity 3: Generalization
What I Can do
3 5
1. ÷
8v 9v
8n 2n
2. ÷
7 n5 9 n4
x−9 x−9
3. ÷ 2
(x−3)( x +3) 5 x (x+3)
7
8(10−x) x−8
4. ÷
(x +1)(x −10) ( x−8)( x+1)
3 Rational Algebraic
Expressions
What’s In
We have learned from Lessons 1 and 2 on how to multiply and divide rational
algebraic expressions. At start math, students usually learn how to add and subtract
whole numbers before being taught multiplication and division. However, with
fractions and rational expressions, multiplication and division are sometimes taught
first because these operations are easier to perform than addition and subtraction.
Addition and subtraction of rational expressions are not as easy to perform as
multiplication because, as with numeric fractions, the process involves finding
common denominators. By working carefully and writing down the steps along the
way, you can keep track of all of the numbers and variables and perform the
operations accurately.
8
In adding or subtracting similar rational expressions, add or subtract the
numerators and write the answer in the numerator of the result over the common
denominator. In symbols,
a c a+c
+ = ,b≠0
b b b
What’s New
1 3 5 9 10 5
1. + 2. + 3. +
2 2 4 4 13 13
What Is It
Activity 1 shows how to add and subtract regular fractions just like in number
1,
1 3 1+ 3 4
+ = = =2
2 2 2 2
Rational expressions are added and subtracted the same way as you would
add and subtract regular fractions.
x2 −2 x−7 3 x +1
Illustrative example 1: Add 2 and 2 .
x −9 x −9
What’s More
10
2.
What Is It
5 2
Illustrative example 3: Find the sum of 4 and .
18 a b 27 a3 b2 c
LCD
LCD of
of and
and Denominators of the rational
algebraic expressions
and
and
Take the factors of the
The
The LCD
LCD is
is denominators. When the same
factor is present in more than
one denimonator, take the factor
with the highest exponent. The
product of these factors is the
LCD.
LCD
LCD of
of and
and
and
and
The
The LCD
LCD isis
What’s More
x +8 3 x −2
1. 2
+ 2
x −4 x−4 x −4
What’s New
For you to learn more about Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar Rational
Algebraic Expression, just click the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=1KGVwaUhR-s.
12
Activity 4: Generalization
How do you add and subtract similar and dissimilar rational algebraic
expressions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What I Can do
Add and Subrtact the following rational expressions. Show all your solutions.
2 2 4 7 x−7 x +2
1. − + 2 2. +
4x 8x x 3 x+6 3 x +2
What’s In
In the previous lessons, you had learned on how to multiply, divide, add and
subtract rational algebraic expressions. A rational algebraic expression is said to be
in its simplest form when the numerator and denominator are polynomials with no
common factors other than 1. You need all the concepts learned previously to
simplify complex rational expressions.
13
If the numerator or denominator, or both numerator and denominator of a
rational algebraic expression is also a rational algebraic expression, it is called a
complex rational algebraic expression. Simplifying complex rational expressions is
transforming it into a simple rational expression.
What’s New
3 1 1 5
+ +
5 5 2 4
1. 2.
4 1 4 2
− −
7 7 3 3
What Is It
14
2 3
−
a b
Illustrative example 1: Simplify
5 6
.
+ 2
b a
c c
−
2
c−2
Illustrative example 2: Simplify
c −4
1
.
1+
c +2
=
15
Complex rational expressions are quotients with rational expressions in the
divisor, dividend, or both. When written in fractional form, they appear to be fractions
within a fraction. These can be simplified by first treating the quotient as a division
problem. Then you can rewrite the division as multiplication using the reciprocal of
the divisor. Or you can simplify the complex rational expression by multiplying both
the numerator and denominator by a denominator common to all rational expressions
within the complex expression. This can help simplify the complex expression even
faster.
What’s More
1 1 x− y y
− −
x y x+ y x
1. 2.
1 1 x x− y
+ +
x2 y2 y x+ y
What’s New
16
For you to learn more about Complex Rational Algebraic Expression, just
click the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifDEetTq8bM.
Activity 3: Generalization
What I Can do
x 2
u+2 2 –
− 2 x2
1. 4 3 2.
x−4
u+2
x2
What’s In
17
are different and need revision? The skills in performing the operations on rational
algebraic expressions is one of the key concepts in solving rate-related problems.
What’s New
1. 2. 3.
What Is It
Illustrative example 1:
Myra takes 2 hours to plant 500 flower bulbs. Francis takes 3 hours to plant
450 flower bulbs. Working together, how long should it take them to plant 1500
bulbs?
Solution:
Myra: 18 Think about how many bulbs each
person can plant in one hour. This is
Francis: their planting rate.
Combine their hourly rates to
determine the rate they work toether.
Answer:
It takes 3 hours and 45 minutes for Myra and Francis to plant 1500 flower bulbs
together.
Illustrative example 2:
One pipe can fill a pool 1.5 times faster than a second pipe. If both pipes are
open, the pool can be filled in 6 hours. If only the slower pipe is open, how long
would it take to fill the pool?
Solution:
Find the rates of each pipe alone and
the two working together.
Answer:
The slower pipe will take 15 hours to fill the pool alone.
Slow pipe takes 1.5p hours to do the
work alone.
What’s More
What’s New
20
Activity 3: Generalization
What I Can do
Tanya and Cam can each wash a car and vacuum its interior in 2 hours. Pat
needs 3 hours to do this same job by himself. If Pat, Cam and Tanya work together,
how long will it take them to clean a car?
Summary
Now that you have completed this module, let us summarize what have you learned:
1. Rate-related problems can be modeled using rational algebraic
expressions.
2. To multiply rational algebraic expressions, multiply the numerator and the
denominator, then simplify.
3. To divide rational algebraic expressions, multiply the dividend by the
reciprocal of the divisor, then multiply.
4. To add/subtract similar rational algebraic expressions, add/subtract the
numerators, and copy the common denominator.
5. To add/subtract dissimilar rational algebraic expressions, express each
with similar denominator, then add/subtract the numerators and copy the
common denominator.
6. A complex rational algebraic expression is an expression where the
numerator or denominator, or both the numerator and the denominator,
are rational algebraic expressions.
Assessment: (Post-Test)
21
For exercises 1-3, multiply or divide. Write each answer in lowest terms.
9(x + y ) 10 2
1. ∙ a. 3 ( x+ y )2 b. c. 3 d.
5 6(x + y ) 3
90
30(x+ y)
a2−b 2 8 4 (a+ b)
3. ∙ a. b.4 c. d.8
2 a−2 b a+b a+b 4
For exercises 4-7, add or subtract. Write each answer in lowest terms.
3 y+ 9 y +7 4 y+9 4 y +7
4. + a. b. c. 16 d. 4
y + 4 y +4 y+ 4 y+ 4
3 x +2 x−1 x +1 2 x+ 3 2 x+ 3 2 x +1
6. + a. b. c. d.
4 x−5 5−4 x 4 x−5 4 x−5 4 x−5 4 x−5
r −1 r−2 2
7. 2
− 2 a. 0 b. 1 c. d.
r + r−2 r −4 r +1
2
(r +2)(r +1)
3−x
9 9+3 x 2 5 9+3 x
8. a. b. c. d.
9−x 2 2 9+3 x 9+3 x 5
15
x
−y 2
9 x x− y
9.
y−
x
a.( 9
−y ) b.
x+ y
c. −1 d.
9
x−9 y
x+ 9 y
22
10. It takes Brad 2 hours to mow his lawn. It takes Kris 3 hours to mow the same
lawn. At the same pace, how long would it take them to mow the lawn if they
do the job together?
1 1 1 5
a. 2 hours b. 1 hours c. 1 6 hours d. hours
2 5 6
Key to Answers
The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Dividing Rational Expressions, January 23, 2018,
Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMVOdIDNjpA
The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions with the
same Denominators, January 23, 2018, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWwG2uh4OUE
The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions with the
same Denominators, January 23, 2018, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KGVwaUhR-s
Khan Academy, Applying rational equations, Nov 25, 2010, Accessed, june 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gD7A1LA4jO8
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