A.

Descriptive Text
Definition of descriptive text is a text that discribes a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and
reveal a particular person, place, or thing. (Defenisi dari deskriptif teks adalah sebuah teks yang
mendeskripsikan seseorang atau sesuatu secara persis. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan
mengungkapkan seseorang tertentu, tempat atau benda)
Examples describe about :Landscape description, Observation, Speech, Etc

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text 

Identification : Identifies phenomenon (person, place, or thing) that will be described. (berisi tentang
identifikasi hal / seorang yang akan dideskripsikan.)
Description : Describes parts, qualities, characteristics, etc (berisi tentang penjelasan / penggambaran tentang
hal / seseorang dengan menyebutkan beberapa sifatnya.)

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Descriptive Text:

Specific participant : memiliki obyek tertentu, tidak bersifat umum dan unik (hanya ada satu)
misalnya : bandengan beach, my house, borobudur temple, uncle Joko
Penggunaan adjective (kata sifat) untuk memperjelas noun (kata benda)
misalnya : a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in jepara dll
Penggunaan simple present tense : Pola kalimat yang digunakan adalah simple present karena menceritakan
fakta dari obyek deskripsi.
Action verbs : terdapat kata kerja yang menunjukkan sebuah kegiatan (aktifitasnya bisa dilihat) misalnya : run,
sleep, walk, cut dll.

Panda
(Identification)
Have you ever watch the cartoon movie “Kung Fu Panda”? The panda in the movie is described as a fat
animal, love-noodle eater, and Kung Fu master. But the Panda that will be described below is not the Panda
who can do Kung Fu like in that movie. Here is the description about Panda.
(Description)
Pandas are bear-like animal which originally live in center and western part of China. Pandas have distinguish
features that make them different other species of bear. Pandas have white thick fur which covers all of their
body with black eyes patches, ears, nose, legs, shoulders, and arms. Those black marks make Pandas unique
and different.
Like other species of bear, pandas have a big head, a short tail, rounded ears, and a long muzzle with a big
nose. However, pandas’ diet is totally different with other species of bear; in which they prefer bamboos than
others. 90% of pandas’ diet consists of bamboos. That is why pandas have adapted their body to help them in
eating bamboos. Pandas have a big jaw with tough muscles and strong molars to crush bamboos so they can
extract the nutrients they need.
Terjemahan:
Panda
Pernahkah kamu menonton film kartun “Kung Fu Panda”? Panda yang ada dalam film tersebut dideskripsikan
sebagai hewan gendut, suka makan mie dan jago Kung Fu. Akan tetapi, panda asli yang akan deskripsikan
dibawah ini bukanlah padan yang bisa Kung Fu seperti di film. Berikut ini adalah deskripsi panda.
Panda adalah hewan yang mirip beruang yang aslinya hidup di daerah China tengah dan barat. Panda memiliki
ciri-ciri pembeda yang membuatnya berbedan dengan spesies beruang lainnya. Panda memilki bulu tebal
berwarna putih yang menutupi seluruh tubuh mereka dengan warna hitam di sekitar mata, telinga, hidung,
kaki, pundak dan tangan. Tanda warna hitam tersebutlah yang membuat panda unik dan berbeda.
Seperti spesies beruang lainnya, panda memiliki kepala besar, ekor pendek, telinga bundar, dan moncong
panjang dengan hidung yang besar. Akan tetapi, makan panda sangat berbeda dengan spesies beruang lainnya;
yang mana mereka lebih suka bambu daripada makanan lainnya. 90% makanan panda terdiri dari bambu. Itu
lah mengapa panda telah adapati tubuhnya untuk membantunya dalam memakan bambu. Panda memiliki
rahang besar dengan otot-otot yang kuat dan gigi-gigi geraham yang kuat untuk menghancurkan bambu-bambu
sehingga mereka dapat mengekstark untrisi yang mereka butuhkan.
B. Narrative Text
Definition of Narrative Text
A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan
menghibur orang).

Generic Structure of Narrative Text

 Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi
pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
 Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan
berkembang)
 Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, secara baik “happy ending”
ataupun buruk “bad ending”.
 Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Narrative Text:

1. Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
2. Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
3. Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
4. Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White,
Alibaba, etc)
5. Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc).
6. Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White). The direct
speech uses present tense.
Fox and A Cat
One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature, boasted how
clever she was. 'Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our mutual enemies, the dogs,' she
said.
'I know only one trick to get away from dogs,' said the cat. 'You should teach me some of yours!'
'Well, maybe some day, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler ones,' replied the fox
airily.
Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance. The barking grew louder and louder - the
dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree and climbed into its branches, well
out of reach of any dog. 'This is the trick I told you about, the only one I know,' said the cat. 'Which one of
your hundred tricks are you going to use?'
The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she could make up her
mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces.
Moral : A single plan that works is better than a hundred doubtful plans.
Rubah dan Seekor Kucing
Suatu hari kucing dan rubah sedang bercakap-cakap. Rubah, yang adalah makhluk sombong, membual
tentang betapa pintarnya dia. "Kenapa, aku tahu setidaknya seratus trik untuk menjauh dari musuh kita
bersama, anjing," katanya.
"Saya hanya tahu satu trik untuk menjauh dari anjing," kata kucing. "Kamu harus mengajariku beberapa trik
mu!"
"Yah, mungkin suatu hari, ketika saya punya waktu, saya mungkin mengajarkan kamu beberapa trik yang
sederhana," jawab rubah ringan.
Sesaat kemudian mereka mendengar gonggongan sekawanan anjing di kejauhan. menggonggong semakin
keras - anjing datang menuju ke arah mereka! Seketika kucing berlari ke pohon terdekat dan naik ke cabang-
cabangnya, di luar jangkauan dari setiap anjing. 'Ini adalah trik saya katakan tadi, satu-satunya yang saya tahu,
"kata kucing. ' mana salah satu dari seratus trik anda yang anda akan gunakan?'
Rubah duduk diam di bawah pohon, bertanya-tanya trik apa yang dia harus gunakan. Sebelum dia bisa
mengambil keputusan, anjing tiba. Mereka menyergap rubah dan mencabik-cabiknya.
Pesan Moral: Sebuah rencana tunggal yang bekerja lebih baik dari seratus rencana diragukan
C. Report Text
Definition of Report text
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation
and analyses. (Report adalah sebuah teks yang menghadirkan informasi tentang suatu hal secara apa adanya.
Teks ini adalah sebagai hasil dari observasi dan analisa secara sistematis.)

Generic Structure of Report text

 General Clasification : Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc
which will be discussed in general (Menyatakan klasifikasi aspek umum hal; hewan, tempat umum,
tanaman, dll yang akan dibahas secara umum).
 Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or
behaviors. (Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi; baik
bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran
dari klasifikasi yang disajikan dengan ilmiah.)
Purpose of Report text 
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class of things,
whether natural or made: mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and
so on.
The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text:
1. Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
2. Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
3. Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
4. Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;
5. Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
6. Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as
the beginning focus of the clause.
Keterangan :
– General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau mati) yang bersifat umum. Coba
bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My dog. Hunting dogs bersifat umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus. –
Relating verbs, dalam grammar disebut juga dengan linking verbs. Seperti to be [is, am, are: present], seem,
look, taste dan lain sebagainya. – Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda waktu dalam simple
present seperti “often, usually, always” dan lain-lain. – Technical terms, maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang
meliputi teks report tersebut. Misalnya tentang “music” maka, istilah-istilah musik harus ada
Cow
Cows are cattle which belong to Bovidae famil and Bovinae upafamili. Cows that have been neutered and
are typically used to plow the field named Ox. Cows are cared primarily for the benefit of milk and meat as
human food.
Cows have a scientific name as Bos Taurus. Cows have a gestation period of over 274 days. Average cow
lifespans is 15 years. The male weight is typically around 1,100 kg, while average females’ weight is about
720 kg.
Sapi
Sapi adalah hewan ternak anggota suku Bovidae dan anaksuku Bovinae. Sapi yang telah dikebiri dan
biasanya digunakan untuk membajak sawah dinamakan Lembu. Sapi dipelihara terutama untuk dimanfaatkan
susu dan dagingnya sebagai pangan manusia.
Sapi memiliki nama ilmiah Bos Taurus. Sapi memiliki periode gestasi selama 274 hari. Lama hidup sapi rata
– rata adalah 15 tahun. Berat badan sapi jantan biasanya sekitar 1.100 kg, sedangkan betina beratnya sekitar
720 kg.

D. Recount Text
Definition of Recount Text
Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or
informing the reader. (sebuah teks yang menceritakan sebuah cerita, aksi ataupun aktifitas. Tujuan recount text
adalah untuk menghibur atau memberi informasi kepada pembaca)
Or (atau)
Recount is a text which retells event or experiences in the past. (sebuah teks yang menceritakan kembali
kejadian atau pengalaman di masa lampau)

Generic Structure of Recount Text

1. Orientation : It gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text, such as who was
involved, where it happened, and when it happened. (Itu memberitahukan kepada pembaca latar belakang
informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui teks tersebut,seperti siapa yang terlibat, dimana terjadi, dan
kapan itu terjadi)
2. Events : A series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence.(Bagian dari peristiwa, dijelaskan pada
sebuah kronologi berurut)
3. Re-orientation :A personal comment about the event or what happened in the end.(Sebuah pendapat tentang
peristiwa atau apa yang terjadi di akhir)

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Recount Text:

– Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, and past perfect continuous tense.
– Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On Sunday
– Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)
– Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.
– Using action verd, e.g. went, stayed

Being Late
Last morning, Dinar, my roommate woke up late and she had to go to campus.When she wanted to take her
motorcycle, in fact she couldn’t move it because there were some motorcycles that blocked up her motorcycle.
She tried to move all of the motorcycles, so that her motorcycle could move from the garage. But she couldn’t
do it. Then, she called Adel who had that motorcycle which blocked it up. After that, her friend who had that
motorcycle helped her. Finally, she could move her motorcycle and rode it to go to campus.

Terlambat
Pagi yang lalu, Dinar, teman sekamar saya bangun terlambat dan dia harus pergi ke kampus. Ketika dia ingin
mengambil sepeda motornya, pada kenyataannya dia tidak bisa menggerakan motornya karena ada beberapa
sepeda motor yang menghalangi sepeda motornya.Dia mencoba untuk memindahkan semua sepeda motor itu,
sehingga sepeda motornya bisa pindah dari garasi. Tapi ia tidak bisa melakukannya.Kemudian, dia menelepon
Adel yang memiliki sepeda motor yang yang menghalanginya itu. Setelah itu, temannya yang memiliki sepeda
motor itu membantunya. Akhirnya, ia bisa menggerakkan sepeda motor dan menaikinya untuk pergi ke
kampus.

E.Procedure Text
Procedure text is a piece of text that give us instructions for doing something.( Procedure text adalah
sebuah teks yang memberikan kita perintah atau instruksi untuk melakukan sesuatu).
Procedure text  is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions
or steps.Procedure text adalah teks yang dirancang untuk menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu dicapai
melalui urutan tindakan atau langkah-langkah.
Dan biasanya judul procedure text diawali dengan “How to ….“. Contohnya misalnya seperti “How to make a
cup of tea” (Cara membuat secangkir tea), “How to Use the Computer” (Cara menggunakan komputer), dan
masih banyak lagi contoh lainnya.
Beberapa ciri prosedure text adalah:
⦁    mengunakan Simple Present Tense (S+V1)
⦁    berbentuk imperative/bentuk perintah, dan temporal conjunction (first,second,then, etc)
⦁    menggunakan action verbs, contoh: make, take, boil, cook,
⦁    menggunakan temporal conjunctions, contoh: First, then, next, after that, last
The social purpose of procedure text is to show how something is done through sequence of steps which
enable the reader to achieve the goal.(Tujuan sosial procedure text adalah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana
sesuatu dilakukan melalui urutan langkah yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk mencapai tujuan.)

The purpose of procedure text is to tell the reader how to do or make something through a sequence of actions
or steps.(Tujuan dari teks prosedur adalah untuk memberitahu pembaca bagaimana melakukan atau membuat
sesuatu melalui urutan tindakan atau langkah-langkah).

Jenis-jenis Procedure Text

Procedure text dalam bahasa inggris mempunyai beberapa jenis. Berikut ini ada 3 jenis procedure text yang
harus Anda ketahui :.
⦁ Procedure text yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau bagaimana menggunakan instruksi/operasi
manual , misalnya , how to use computer, how to record video. how to use plaroid camera.
⦁ Procedure text yang menginstruksikan bagaimana melakukan aktivitas tertentu, misalnya, how to make a
noodle, how to dance, how to play basketball.
⦁ Procedure text yang berhubungan dengan perilaku manusia, misalnya, how to succeed, how to live happily,
how to be a good person.

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :

– 2 spoons of sugar
– one spoon of coffee powder
– hot water
– a cup
– a spoon

PROCEDURE :
First prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon. Second
put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup. Then pour some hot water into the cup and add 2
spoons of sugar into a cup of coffe,finally stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink.

F. Review Text
Definition of Review Text
Review text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video game, musical composition, book; a piece
of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert,
a play, musical theatre show or dance show.( Teks ulasan adalah evaluasi publikasi, seperti film, video game,
komposisi musik, buku; perangkat keras seperti mobil, alat rumah tangga, atau komputer; atau acara atau
pertunjukan, seperti konser musik langsung, sandiwara, pertunjukan teater musikal atau pertunjukan tari).
Generic Structure of Review Text
1. Orientation : Background information of the text.(Latar belakang dari naskah)
2. Evaluations : Concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist ot more than
one.( Concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist ot more than one.)
3. Interpretative Recount : Summary of an art works including character and plot.(Ringkasan dari sebuah karya
seni termasuk karakter dan plot.)
4. Evaluative Summation : The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being
criticized.(Pendapat terakhir yang terdiri dari penilaian atau garis pukulan dari karya seni dikritik)
Purpose of Review Text
Review text is used to critic the events or art works for the reader or listener, such as movies, shows, book, and
others
The Characteristics / Language Feature of Review Text:
– Focus on specific participants
– Using adjectives
– Using long and complex clauses
– Using metaphor style Review Texy Simple

“Baby” Justin Bieber

BABY” represents more of the same from Justin Bieber. It’s a squeaky-clean song that finds the singer once
again pouring his heart out to a girl he likes. Though his crush breaks his heart in the end. “If it ain’t broke,
don’t fix it” seems to be Justin Bieber’s motto, since most of his songs — including “Baby” — sound very
similar. Here, Bieber falls back on the heavy synth-presence and formulaic pop beats that characterize his
entire last album. Though his vocals and I-want-to-be-sweet-to-you approach are still somewhat endearing, the
pattern is starting to wear thin. The most interesting part of the song is the Ludacris verse.

Did you know Justin says “Baby” exactly 55 times in the song. The lyrics aren’t the most clever we’ve ever
heard, weI’ve heard worse, but it just repeats “Bay-be, bay-be, bay-be ohh” Not the best hit in my standers, but
some like it, and thats perfectly fine.

“Baby” Justin Bieber

“BABY” mewakili lebih dari yang sama dari Justin Bieber. Ini adalah lagu yang melengking-bersih yang
menemukan penyanyi itu sekali lagi menuangkan hatinya ke gadis yang dia sukai. Meski akhirnya
menghancurkan hatinya pada akhirnya. “Jika tidak rusak, jangan perbaiki” sepertinya moto Justin Bieber,
karena sebagian besar lagunya – termasuk “Baby” – terdengar sangat mirip. Di sini, Bieber jatuh kembali pada
kehadiran synth-beat dan beat pop yang mengesankan yang menjadi ciri keseluruhan album terakhirnya.
Meskipun vokal dan pendekatan saya-ingin-menjadi-manis-untuk-Anda masih terasa menawan, pola ini mulai
terasa tipis. Bagian yang paling menarik dari lagu tersebut adalah ayat Ludacris.

Tahukah Anda bahwa Justin mengatakan “Baby” tepat 55 kali dalam lagunya. Liriknya bukan yang paling
pintar yang pernah kita dengar, kita sudah dengar lebih buruk, tapi hanya mengulangi “Bay-be, bay-be, bay-be
ohh” Bukan hit terbaik, tapi ada yang menyukainya.

G. Spoof Text

Definition of Spoof Text

Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its
social function is to entertain and share the story.Spoof is a type of story which have has twist (funny part in
the end of the story). It contains an unpredictable event which makes the story funny.
Spoof adalah teks yang menceritakan kisah faktual, terjadi di masa lalu dengan akhir yang tidak terduga dan
lucu. Fungsi sosialnya adalah untuk menghibur dan berbagi cerita.
Atau
Spoof adalah jenis cerita yang memiliki twist (bagian lucu di akhir cerita). Ini berisi peristiwa tak terduga yang
membuat cerita itu lucu.

Generic Structure of Spoof Text

# Orientation introduction of the participant of the story, where it happen and when. By giving the orientation,
reader will recognize the story. (pengantar peserta cerita, di mana itu terjadi dan kapan. Dengan memberikan
orientasi, pembaca akan mengenali cerita)
# Events tells about the chronological of the story. Several events are explored in chronological way which
able to arrange the story read nicely. (menceritakan tentang kronologis cerita. Beberapa peristiwa dieksplorasi
dengan cara kronologis yang dapat mengatur cerita dengan baik.)
# Twist an unpredictable plot in the end of the story which amuses the reader. Readers even did not predict
before that it would be. (alur tak terduga di akhir cerita yang menghibur pembaca. Pembaca bahkan tidak
memprediksi sebelumnya bahwa itu akan menjadi)

Penguin in the Park

Orientation-Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a penguin.
(Suatu ketika ada seorang pria sedang berjalan di sebuah taman ketika dia melihat seekor pinguin
melintas.)
Event-He took him to a policeman and said, “I have just found this penguin. What should I do?” The
policeman replied, “take him to the zoo”.
(Dia membawanya ke seorang polisi dan berkata, “saya baru saja menemukan pinguin ini. Apa yang
harus saya lakukan?” Polisi tersebut menjawab, “bawa ke kebun binatang”.)
The next day the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man still carrying the penguin
with him. The policeman was rather supriseed and walked up to the man and asked “why are you still
carrying that penguin about? Didn’t you take it to the zoo?”
(Hari berikutnya polisi tersebut melihat pria yang sama di taman yang sama dan pria tersebut masih
membawa pinguin bersamanya. Polisi tersebut terkejut dan menghampirinya serta bertanya “mengapa
kamu masih membawa pinguin itu? Bukannya kamu membanya ke kebun binatang?”)
Twist-“I certainly did” replied the man.
(“Saya melakukannya” jawab pria tersebut.)
“And it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today I am taking him to the moviest, and the
next day I’ll take it to the beach. It’ll be so much fun” said the man.
(“Dan itu merupakan sebuah ide yang bagus karena pinguin tersebut menikmatinya, jadi hari ini saya
akan membawanya ke bioskop, dan besok saya akan membawanya ke pantai. Itu kan sangat
menyenangkan” kata pria tersebut.)
“Owh my God. You are so stupid. I asked you to take the penguin and give it to the zoo. I didn’t ask to
take it to the zoo and had fun there with it.” policemen said.
(“Owh ya Tuhan. Kamu sangat bodoh. Saya suruh kamu untuk membawa pinguin tersebut dan
memberikannya ke pihak kebun binatang. Saya tidak menyuruh untuk membawanya ke kebun binatang
dan bersenang-senang di sana dengannya.” polisi tersebut berkata.)

Language Feature Analysis:

Focusing on certain certain participants; the man, penguin, policeman
Using action verb; carry, walk up
Using adverb of time and place; once, in the park
Told in chronological order; chronological order by days, the next day

H. Announcement Text

Definition of announcement relating to learning English functional text is  an official notification about
something. So publicly people know  what, when, and where it is about.

The purpose, function, and goal of announcement is giving certain people some information of what has
happened or what will happen.
The generic structure of announcement in English text can be seen below
1. Stating Purpose : The text that contains what event will be held
2. Stating Day and Date and time   : Day and Date realization. The text that contains when the event will be
held
3. Stating Place : The text that contains where the event will be held
4. Informing Sender : The text that contains name of the person who will be contacted

I.Advertisment Text

Advertisement is a public announcement in a newspaper, television, or internet advertising something such as a

product for sale, services offered or an event.(Iklan adalah pengumuman publik di koran, televisi, atau iklan
internet sesuatu seperti produk untuk dijual, layanan yang ditawarkan atau acara.)
According to many experts, advertisement text is a public announcement commonly found in a newspaper,
television, or internet advertising. Sometimes it is about a product, services, or an event for sale. How an
advertisement text is arranged by the writer, below is the generic structure:
1. Purpose: What is the purpose of the writer to compose the advertisement text? (Apa tujuan penulis untuk
menulis teks iklan?)
2. Name of product: This is about name and brand. What product, service or events to sell?( Ini tentang nama
dan merek. Produk, layanan, atau acara apa yang akan dijual?)
3. User: Who need the product? What ares the product and service for?( Siapa yang butuh produk? Untuk apa
produk dan layanan itu?)

J.Anecdote Text

Definition of Anecdote Text

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to
entertain the readers. (Text yang menceritakan kembali kejadian ganjil atau kejadian yang tidak biasa
baik fakta maupun imajinasi)
Generic Structure of Anecdote Text
# Abstract : Pada bagian Abstract, biasanya penulis mulai mengenalkan kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa
apa yang akan diceritakanya. Terdapat beberapa Abstract dari Anecdote Text diawali dengan
penggunaan kalimat tanya, tetapi tidak semua Abstract dari Anecdote Text menggunakan kalimat tanya.
(Pemberian tanda / sinyal akan adanya sesuatu yang tidak lazim; biasanya mengandung pertanyaan
retorik). Misalnya : Have you ever talked to someone who in fact has died? Guess what happened when
…. ; Can you imagine….?
# Orientation : Seperti halnya di Narrative Text, Orientation di Anecdote Text juga menceritakan siapa,
kapan, dan di mana kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut terjadi.
# Crisis : Pada bagian ini menceritakan kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut terjadi. Penulis
menceritakan kejadian tersebut dengan detail.
# Reaction / Incident : (Tindakan) ; Tentang bagaimana reaksi tokoh
# Coda. (Cerminan evaluasi dari kejadian tersebut; atau bisa juga perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan
pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita tersebut).

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Anecdote Text:

– Menggunakan past tense (Waktu lampau), seperti: I found it last night.
– Menggunakan rhetoric question (pertanyaan retorika), seperti: Listen to this ! Do you know what? Can
you imagine? It’s very shameful, isn’t it?
– Menggunakan conjuction of time (kata sambung waktu), seperti: then, afterward, etc.
– Menggunakan action verb (kata kerja aksi), seperti: went, wrote, jumped, etc.
– Menggunakan imperative sentece (kalimat perintah), seperti: listen to this.
– Menggunakan exclamation sentence (kalimat seru), seperti: it’s awful, it’s wonderful, etc

A Blessing behind Tragedy

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a
dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their
children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had
gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.
The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few
days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy.
Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in
quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the
trip to America as they had planned. The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the
dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed
both his son and God for the misfortune.
Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It
took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had
sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.
The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left
behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He
thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy
K. New Item

Definition of News Item

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered
newsworthy or important.
It means if there is an important event that should be known by many people, then this event deserves
news. Well, the news text is called the news item text. However, if there are events that people do not
deserve, then they are not definitely worth to be news.

Generic Structure of News Item

# Main Events / Newsworthy event(s): it recounts the event in summary form.
# Elaboration / Background event(s): they elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstance
# Resource of Information (Source) : it contains comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities expert on the event

Purpose of News Item

News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or
important.
Or
– To inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day
– To present information the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day

Language Feature of News Item

– Focusing on circumstances (using a simple language in writing the text)
– Using saying verbs: “….”, She said, informed, told, reported.
– Sometimes at the beginning of news, the scene is mentioned : Jakarta – … .. / Kuala Lumpur – …
– Using Past tense in explaining news events. But if it is a fact that until now still happen or still in the
form of fact, then can use simple present tense.
– Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
– Using adverbs: time, place and manner.
– Uses of material processes to retell the event

Example of News Items Text

Didi Petet Died
Veteran actor Didi Widiatmoko, popularly known as Didi Petet, died at the age of 58 at his residence in Sasak
Tinggi, Ciputat, South Tangerang, on Friday morning.
Didi’s niece Muthia Kautsar said that Didi, who starred in a number of comedy and drama films in the 1980s
and 1990s, collapsed and lost consciousness when attending an expo in Milan, Italy, recently.
“He just arrived home on May 10 after attending the exhibition. In that city, he collapsed and lost
consciousness and returned home in a wheelchair,” she said.
On Tuesday, Didi was taken to Bandung for treatment. Muthia said no diseases were detected but he died on
Friday.
Didi’s body is laid out in his residence on Jl. Bambu Apus in Sasak Tinggi, Ciputat, South Tangerang. It has
yet to be decided when and where he will be buried.

L. Explanation Text

Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in
science, geography and history text books.( teks yang menceritakan proses yang berkaitan dengan
pembentukan fenomena alam, sosial, ilmiah dan budaya. Teks penjelasan adalah untuk mengatakan 'mengapa'
dan 'bagaimana' pembentukan fenomena. Ini sering ditemukan dalam buku teks sains, geografi dan sejarah.)
Generic Structure of Explanation Text
# General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained(menyatakan masalah fenomena
yang harus dijelaskan.)
# Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena(menyatakan masalah
fenomena yang harus dijelaskan.)

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Explanation Text:

– Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
– Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
– Using passive voice pattern
– Using simple present tense
Example
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions
for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun
heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into
the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The
droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain
or snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called
virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

M. Analytical exposition
Definition of Analytical Exposition Textis a text to communicate about
phenomenon around. (Teks yang menyampaikan pendapat tentang fenomena di sekitar).
Generic Structure of Analytical exposition Text
# Thesis: (berisi topik dan menjelaskan sudut pandang/opini penulis)
# Argument : (berisi argument-argument untuk mendukung pendapat)
# Reiteration: (Menyatakan kembali sudut pandang penulis / untuk memperkuat tesis.)
 
Kita dapat menggunakan frase berikut untuk membuat kesimpulan dalam Reiteration From the fact above …
I personally believe ….
Therefore, my conclusion is ….
In conclusion …
 
Purpose of Analytical Exposition Text
To analyze the topic
 
Language Feature of Analytical exposition Text:
– Using Simple Present Tense
– ada beberapa agument yang diawali dengan, firstly, secondly, thirdly..
– Ada frase berikut :
From the fact above …,I personally believe ….,Therefore, my conclusion is ….,In conclusion …
 
Read text carefully and see the translation
Cars should be banned in the city
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and
other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that
causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ of asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad
that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city,
which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on
your homework, and especially talk to someone.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.
 
Translation
Mobil seharusnya dilarang di kota. Seperti yang kita semua tahu, mobil menciptakan polusi, dan menyebabkan
banyak kematian di jalan dan kecelakaan lainnya.
Pertama, mobil, seperti yang kita semua tahu, berkontribusi terhadap sebagian besar polusi di dunia. Mobil
mengeluarkan gas mematikan yang menyebabkan penyakit seperti bronkitis, kanker paru-paru, dan ‘pemicu’
asma. Beberapa penyakit ini begitu buruk bahwa orang bisa mati dari mereka.
Kedua, kota ini sangat sibuk. Pejalan kaki berjalan di mana-mana dan mobil umumnya menabrak pejalan kaki
di kota, yang menyebabkan mereka mati. Mobil saat ini adalah pembunuh jalan terbesar kami.
Ketiga, mobil sangat bising. Jika Anda tinggal di kota, Anda mungkin merasa sulit untuk tidur di malam hari,
atau sulit berkonsentrasi pada pekerjaan Anda, dan terutama berbicara dengan seseorang.
Kesimpulannya, mobil harus dilarang dari kota karena alasan yang tercantum.

N. Discussion text
 
Definition of Discussion Text
Text yang menyajikan 2 sudut pandang (point of view) pro dan contra.(A text that conclude 2 point of view)
 
General structure of Discussion Text
Issue : (Berisi pernyataan pembukaan yang menyajikan permasalahan yang akan didiskusikan/dibahas.)
Argument pro : berisi argument yang mendukung
Argument cons : berisi argument yang menentang.
Conclusion / recommendation : Kesimpulan atau saran.
 
Purpose of Discussion text
To present two points of view about…
To present arguments from differing points of view..

Language feature of Discussion text

Simple present
Ada kata : however, on the other hand
 Example
Most people have account in facebook. It’s a communication tool to socialize with other people. However,
facebok has advantages and disadvantages
Facebook allows the user to search for new and old friends. It makes easier to join groups having similar likes
and dislikes. We can also share our feeling, invite someone, or give information to our friends.
On the other hand, facebook has some disadvantages. Some users use facebook to do criminal by any ways.
Some cases such as trafficking, deception, and prostitution happened because acquaintances in facebook.
Despite the above mentioned advantages and disadvantages of facebook, there are many people who still join
facebook everyday. I think it’s okay but I hope they use facebook in proper way.
O. Hortatory exposition
Definition of Hortatory Exposition is A text that conclude about the opinion and finally of persuasion
Text yang menyampaikan pendapat dan diakhiri dengan bujukan.
 
Generic structure Hortatory Exposition
Thesis(Berisi pengenalan ide yang akan dibahas)
Arguments(Berisi alasan-alasan untuk memperkuat ide di bagian tesis.)
Recommendation(Berisi bujukan atau anjuran penulis terhadap pembaca.)
 
Language feature of Hortatory Exposition
Simple present tense
berisi bujukan, dengan kata “we should..” : kita seharusnya … , “we must…” : kita harus…
 
Example
NEVER TRY SMOKING
A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is
bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for
a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they
inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally.
Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They can not avoid
smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For
them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.
Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty
diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and
pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every
80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.
Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that
quitting smoking is so difficult. “Why can’t I stop smoking? I really want to stop it”. It is hard to quit
because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever
devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal
symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and restlessness.
Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not smoker, you should never and
never try to smoke