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Files and Streams (Part III) : Imran Siddiqi Dept. of CS Bahria University, Islamabad Imran - Siddiqi@bahria - Edu.pk

This document discusses file input and output (I/O) in C++ using ifstream, ofstream, and member functions. It shows how to [1] read and write binary data from files using read() and write() methods, [2] manipulate the file pointer using seek() and tell(), [3] overload insertion and extraction operators to read from and write to files, and [4] implement member functions to read and write objects directly to files. Examples are provided to count records in a file, search for a record by ID, and load/store student data to disk.

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Muhammad Haider
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70 views11 pages

Files and Streams (Part III) : Imran Siddiqi Dept. of CS Bahria University, Islamabad Imran - Siddiqi@bahria - Edu.pk

This document discusses file input and output (I/O) in C++ using ifstream, ofstream, and member functions. It shows how to [1] read and write binary data from files using read() and write() methods, [2] manipulate the file pointer using seek() and tell(), [3] overload insertion and extraction operators to read from and write to files, and [4] implement member functions to read and write objects directly to files. Examples are provided to count records in a file, search for a record by ID, and load/store student data to disk.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Files and Streams

(Part III)
Imran Siddiqi
Dept. of CS
Bahria University, Islamabad
[email protected]

Recorder Version @:
https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/dd4c3510-99a1-4dd5-b272-db088515a158
Recap
• ifstream and ofstream objects for reading and
writing
• << and >> operators – Sequence of characters
• read() and write() methods – Binary Mode
• seek() and tell() methods to manipulate file
pointer
//Display data of all students with GPA > 2.5
int main() {

Student s;
ifstream f;

f.open("std.dat", ios::binary);
f.seekg(0, ios::end);
int endPos = f.tellg();
f.seekg(0);
int numberOfRecords = endPos / sizeof(Student);

for (int i = 0; i < numberOfRecords; i++) {


f.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&s), sizeof(s));
if(s.getGPA()>2.5)
s.print();
}

f.close();
}
//Search for record of student :150
int searchID;
cout << "Enter ID of student to search";
cin >> searchID;

for (int i = 0; i < numberOfRecords; i++) {


f.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&s), sizeof(s));
if (s.getID() == searchID) {
//Enter new address
s.SetAddress(new address)

break;
}
}
Disk I/O using Member functions
class Student {
private:
int ID;
float gpa; string address;
public:

Student(int i = 0, float g = 0.0) {


ID = i;
gpa = g;
}

void print() {
cout << "ID:" << ID << " GPA:" << gpa << endl;
}
int getID() { return ID; }
float getGPA() { return gpa; }
void setID(int i) { ID = i; }
void setGPA(float g) { gpa = g; }
void input() {
cout << "Enter ID:"; cin >> ID;
cout << "Enter GPA:"; cin >> gpa;
}

void readFromDisk(int number);


void writeToDisk();
static int countRecords();

};

int Student::countRecords() {

ifstream f("Students.dat", ios::binary);


f.seekg(0, ios::end);
int loc = f.tellg();

return loc / sizeof(Student);


}
void Student::readFromDisk(int number) {

ifstream f("Students.dat", ios::binary);


int loc = (number - 1) * sizeof(Student);
f.seekg(loc);
f.read((char *)(this), sizeof(Student));
f.close();

void Student::writeToDisk() {

ofstream f("Students.dat", ios::app | ios::binary);


f.write((char *)(this), sizeof(Student));
f.close();

}
int main() {

Student s1(151, 3.5);


s1.writeToDisk();

int c=Student::countRecords();
cout << "Number of Records:" << c << endl;

Student s2;
s2.readFromDisk(1);
s2.print();

return 0;

}
int main() {

Student s;
char ch;
do { //save students to disk

cout << "Enter data for student:";


s.input(); //get data
s.writeToDisk(); //write to disk
cout << "Do another(y / n) ? ";
cin >> ch;
} while (ch == ’y’); //until user enters ‘n’

int n = Student::countRecords();
cout << "There are " << n << " student in file\n";

for (int j = 1; j<=n; j++) //for each one,


{
cout << "\nStudent: " << j;
s.readFromDisk(j); //read student from disk
s.print(); //display data
}
return 0;
}
Overloading Extraction and Insertion
Operators
class Point {

private:
int x;
int y;

public:
Point(int a = 0, int b = 0) {
x = a;
y = b;
}

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &, Point);


friend istream& operator >> (istream &, Point&);

};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &s, Point p) {

s << "X:" << p.x << " Y:" << p.y << endl;
return s;
}

istream& operator>>(istream &s, Point &p) {

cout << "Enter x:"; cin >> p.x;


cout << "Enter y:"; cin >> p.y;
return s;
}
int main() {

Point p;
cin >> p;
cout << p << endl;

return 0;
}

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