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Introduction To IT: Instructor: Syed Muhammad Usman

This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts including different types of software. It discusses system software such as operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. It describes application software and provides examples such as word processing, spreadsheet, and database software. It also discusses operating system functions like booting, CPU management, memory management, file management, and security management.

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Hamza Bin Tahir
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85 views40 pages

Introduction To IT: Instructor: Syed Muhammad Usman

This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts including different types of software. It discusses system software such as operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. It describes application software and provides examples such as word processing, spreadsheet, and database software. It also discusses operating system functions like booting, CPU management, memory management, file management, and security management.

Uploaded by

Hamza Bin Tahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to IT

Instructor: Syed Muhammad Usman


Softwares
• Tools for Productivity and Creativitiy
Types of Software
• System Software
• Application Software
System Softwares
Application Software
• Application software is software that has been developed to solve a
particular problem for users—to perform useful work on specific tasks
or to provide entertainment.
System Software
• System software enables the application software to interact with the
computer and helps the computer manage its internal and external
resources.
• There are three components of system softwares:
• Operating System
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Operating Systems
• An operating system is the principal component of system software in
any computing system.

• Examples???
Utility Programs
• Utility programs are generally used to support, enhance, or expand
existing programs in a computer system.

• Examples???
Operating System
• The operating system (OS), also called the software platform, consists
of the low-level, master system of programs that manage the basic
operations of the computer.
• OS provides Resource Management Services
Operating System (Cont.)
• OS handles:
• Control and Use of Hardware
• Resources, including disk space, memory, CPU time allocation, and Peripheral
• devices.
• Different operating systems are mutually incompatible
What Operating System Do?
• Booting
• CPU management
• File management
• Task management
• Security Management
Booting
• Booting is the process of loading an operating system into a
computer’s main memory.
Cold Boots Vs Warm Boots
• When you power up a computer by turning on the power “on” switch,
this is called a cold boot.
• If your computer is already on and you restart it, this is called a warm
boot or a warm start.
Boot Disk
• Hard Disk
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Compact Disk (CD)
CPU Management
• How does CPU management work?
• Supervisor or kernel manages CPU
Memory Management
• The operating system also manages memory—it keeps track of the
locations within main memory where the programs and data are
stored.
Queues, Buffers
• Programs and data that are to be executed or processed wait on disk
in queues
• What are Queues?
• FIFO
• What are Buffers?
• Disk Area where program or data waits
• Spooling?
• Print jobs are spooled that is, placed—into a buffer, where they wait in a
queue to be printed.
Spools?

• Image Courtesy: www.dreamstime.com


File Management
• A file is (1) a named collection of data (data file), or (2) a program
(program file) that exists in a computer’s secondary storage, such as a
hard disk or CD/DVD.
Task Management
• A computer is required to perform many different tasks at once
(multitasking).
• Task Manager
Security Management
• User Logins
• Passwords
Device Drivers
• Device drivers are specialized software programs that allow input and
output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.
• Running Peripherals
Utilities: Service Programs
• Utility programs, also known as service programs, perform tasks
related to the control and allocation of computer resources.
• Examples???
• Antivirus
• Antivirus Examples???
• Norton
• Avast
Utility Programs
• Back Up
• Data Recovery
• Virus Protection
• Data Compression
• File Defragmentation
• Disk Scanner
Common User Interface
• Keyboard Interface
• Mouse Interface
• Graphical User Interface
Common Operating Systems

• Image Courtesy www.dennisgdaniels.com


:
Embedded Operating Systems

• Image Courtesy: www.buitemsce.wordpress.com


Application Software

• Image Courtesy: www. touque.ca


What are the various ways I can obtain software?
• Commercial Software
• Public Domain Software
• Shareware Software
• Freeware Software
• Rental –Online Software
• Pirated Software
• Abandonware Software
• Custom Software
Application Softwares
• Productivity software —such as word processing programs,
spreadsheets, and database managers—whose purpose is to make
users more productive at particular tasks.
WORD PROCESSING
• Word processing software allows you to use computers to create,
edit, format, print and store text material

• Examples???
SPREADSHEETS
• The spreadsheet allows users to create tables and financial schedules
by entering data and formulas into rows and columns arranged as a
grid on a display screen.
DATABASE SOFTWARE
• Database is a collection of interrelated files in a computer system.
• Database software is a program that sets up and controls the
structure of a database and access to the data.
The Benefits of Database Software
• Integration
• Integrity
Financial Software
• Financial software is a growing category that ranges from personal-
finance managers to entry-level accounting programs to business
financial-management packages.
• Personal finance managers let you keep track of income and
expenses, write checks, do online banking, and plan financial goals.
Portable Document Format (PDF)
• Portable Document Format, PDF is a file format developed by Adobe
Systems. PDF captures text, graphic, and formatting information from
a variety of applications on different platforms making it possible to
send documents and have them appear on the recipient’s monitor (or
printer) as they were intended to be viewed.
Computer-Aided Design
• Computer-aided design (CAD) programs are intended for the design
of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and maps.
Reading Assignment
• Chapter#3 from TextBook

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