Laboratory Manual For Exercise No 2

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO.
3
DRAWING PROCEDURE: GRAPHICAL DIFFERENTIATION
INTRODUCTION
Graphical Differentiation is a method used to find the velocity and acceleration of a given
time and displacement graphically. In cases where the analytical method is not desirable to be
used, graphical differentiation is applied in obtaining the required answer easily. This method uses
estimation in determining velocities and accelerations.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
The students should be able to solve problems involving displacement, velocity, and
acceleration according to the type of motion and plot the displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
DRAWING PROCEDURE
Sample Problem: A particle moves in a straight line in such a way that its displacement 𝑠, in inches,
from a given reference point at successive time interval recorded on the table below:
𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

0.0 0.0 2.5 8.0
0.5 1.0 3.0 10.0
1.0 2.5 3.5 11.5
1.5 4.0 4.0 12.5
2.0 6.0 4.5 13.0
Solve the velocity and acceleration and plot the space-time curve, velocity-time curve and
acceleration-time curve. Specify the scale on each curve.
Solution:
1. To plot the space-time curve (displacement-time curve), draw a cartesian plane with
gridlines. The scale: 1 in. drawing is to 1 second time interval and 1 in. drawing is to 3 in.
displacement.
2. The time interval is in the x-axis while the displacement is in the y-axis. Locate the points
on the cartesian plane and draw the curve using a French curve.
3. To solve the values of velocity in each time interval, draw a right triangle whose base is
equal to the time interval and the hypotenuse is tangent to the curve at displacement-time
point. Make sure to estimate the point of tangency properly. Do this step in all
displacement-time points. Once the right triangle is drawn, measure the leg, then divided
by the time interval and multiplied by displacement scale. Mathematically,
𝐿𝑒𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 ∗ 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
4. Using the formula in Step 3, the value of the velocities is now obtained and tabulated below.
𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦,

𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑖𝑝𝑠
0.0 0.0 1.7226 2.5 8.0 4.0728
0.5 1.0 2.3322 3.0 10.0 3.5286
1.0 2.5 3.0282 3.5 11.5 2.5338
1.5 4.0 3.4752 4.0 12.5 1.4058
2.0 6.0 4.1592 4.5 13.0 0.774
5. Plot the Velocity-Time curve. The velocity placed on the positive y-axis may have or
different scale to the displacement. It’s up to you to decide what scale you will use in the
plotting of velocity
6. To solve the values of acceleration in each time interval, follow Step 5 on the drawing of
right triangle. However, this time, the right triangle will be drawn on the Velocity-Time
curve. Then use the formula,
𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 ∗ 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
7. Tabulate the results. Plot the Acceleration-Time Curve
𝑡, 𝑠, 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡, 𝑠, 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑖𝑝𝑠2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑖𝑝𝑠2
0.0 0.0 1.7226 1.1196 2.5 8.0 4.0728 -0.5538
0.5 1.0 2.3322 1.4118 3.0 10.0 3.5286 -1.6266
1.0 2.5 3.0282 0.9796 3.5 11.5 2.5338 -2.378
1.5 4.0 3.4752 1.4242 4.0 12.5 1.4058 -1.6624
2.0 6.0 4.1592 0.347 4.5 13.0 0.774 -1.0874
LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 3
MOTION: GRAPHICAL DIFFERENTIATION
Name of Student: _________________________________ Date: ___________________

Course and Year: _________________________________ Score:
Subject Name & Code: _____________________________
Class Schedule: ___________________________________
OBJECTIVES
1. To solve problems involving time, displacement, velocity, and acceleration graphically.
MATERIALS NEEDED
Drawing Sheet (A4 size bond paper, substance 20) Technical Pens (0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 or 0.5)
Mechanical Pen or pencil Eraser
Steel Rule (up to 1/64 of an inch measurement) T-square (optional)
Protractor Triangle (optional)
French Curve
PROBLEM
A particle moves in a straight line in such a way that its displacement s, in inches, from a given
reference point at successive 1-sec intervals from 0 to 6, both inclusive, is 4.1, 4.5, 4.2, 3.0, 1.45,
0.40 and 0 respectively. Plot a displacement-time curve. Scales: Time 1 in =1 sec. Displacement 1
in = 1 in. From this curve find the velocity for each value of t.
𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠)
0 4.1
1 4.5
2 4.2
6 3.0
4 1.45
5 0.40
6 0
PROCEDURE
1. Draw a cartesian plane and plot the given data. Use a French curve to connect all points.
Question: What scale did you use?

Answer: __________________________
2. On the Displacement-Time curve, create a right triangle whose hypotenuse is tangent to the
curve. Solve the values of acceleration.
𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 s, inches 𝐿𝑒𝑔 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎, 𝑖𝑝2
❖ Show the complete solution of computation of acceleration.

3. Make sure your drawing is neat and clean.
4. Submit your drawing.

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LABORATORY EXERCISE NO.

𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

𝐿𝑒𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 ∗ 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒

𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦,

𝑡, 𝑠, 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡, 𝑠, 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Name of Student: _______________ Date: _

Question: What scale did you use?

𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 s, inches 𝐿𝑒𝑔 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎, 𝑖𝑝2

❖ Show the complete solution of computation of acceleration.

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