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Tutorial

The document provides tutorials on various topics related to digital signal processing including sampling, quantization, PCM, and multiplexing. Specifically, it discusses: 1. Determining Nyquist rates and sampling intervals for signals. 2. Calculating aliasing components and drawing spectra for sampled waves. 3. Finding maximum sampling intervals and number of samples needed to reproduce waveforms. 4. Drawing spectra and determining properties for sampled signals. 5. Deriving signal-to-quantization noise ratios and solving related problems in PCM, quantization, and multiplexing of digital signals.

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thevin arokiaraj
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64 views

Tutorial

The document provides tutorials on various topics related to digital signal processing including sampling, quantization, PCM, and multiplexing. Specifically, it discusses: 1. Determining Nyquist rates and sampling intervals for signals. 2. Calculating aliasing components and drawing spectra for sampled waves. 3. Finding maximum sampling intervals and number of samples needed to reproduce waveforms. 4. Drawing spectra and determining properties for sampled signals. 5. Deriving signal-to-quantization noise ratios and solving related problems in PCM, quantization, and multiplexing of digital signals.

Uploaded by

thevin arokiaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial

Sampling
1. Determine the Nyquist rate and interval for the following signal X(t)=5cos(2000t)+7sin(7000t)

2. A bandlimited signal with fmax=4kHz, is sampled at fs=7kHz. Calculate the aliasing


component and draw the spectrum of the sampled wave.

3. A waveform (20+20sin(500t+30)is to be sampled periodically and reproduced from these


sample values. Find maximum allowable time interval between sample values. How many
sample values are needed to be stored in order to reproduce 1 sec of this waveform?

4. The signal g(t) = 10 cos(40ᴨt)cos (400ᴨt) is sampled at the rate of 500 samples/sec,
i)determine the Nyquist rate, ii) Calculate the cutoff frequency of ideal reconstruction filter, iii)
Draw the spectrum of the resulting sampled signal.

5. The signal x(t) = Cos(200ᴨt)+0.25 Cos(700ᴨt) is sampled at the rate of 400 samples per
second. Sampled waveform is then passed through an ideal low pass filter with 200 Hz
bandwidth. Write an expression for filter output. Sketch the frequency spectrum of sampled
waveform.

Quantization
1. Derive the signal to quantization noise ratio for a PCM system with linear quantization
technique. Assume that the input to the PCM is a sinusoidal signal.

2. Consider an audio signal with spectral components limited to the frequency band of 500 Hz
to 3 kHz. A PCM signal is generated with sampling rate of 8000 samples/sec. the required
output SNR is 40 dB.
i) How many number of levels and number of bits/level are needed for uniform
quantization?
ii) Calculate the bandwidth requirement
iii) If A-law compander is used what will be the changes in the number of levels, number of
bits/sample and bandwidth?

3. A signal band limited to 1 MHz is sampled at a rate 50 % higher than the Nyquist rate and
quantized into 256 levels using a µ law quantizer with µ=255,
i) Determine the signal to quantization ratio,
ii) the SNR found in part i) has to be increased by atleast 10 dB. How to achieve this increase
in SNR by not increasing the transmission bandwidth if the sampling rate 20 % above the
Nyquist rate is adequate? If so how?
iii)What is the maximum possible SNR?
4. A signal x(t) is uniformly distributed in the range ±xmax . Evaluate the maximum SNR for this
signal.
PCM
1. A signal having band of 300-3000 Hz is sampled at 8000 samples/sec and is coded for PCM.
Assume that the ratio of peak signal power to average quantization noise power required at
the output is 30 dB.
i) Find the minimum number of quantization levels needed.
ii) Compute the bandwidth required for transmission.

2. The output SNR of a 10 bit PCM is 30 dB. The desired SNR is 42 dB. It was decided to
increase the SNR to the desirable value by increasing the number of quantization levels. Find
the fractional increase in transmission bandwidth required for this increase in SNR.

3. Consider an audio signal comprised of the sinusoidal term s(t)= 3cos(500ᴨt).


i) Find the SNR whwen it is quantized using 10 bit PCM.
ii) How many bits of quantization are needed to achieve a SNR of atleast 40 dB.

4. The information in an analog signal is to be transmitted over a PCM system with an accuracy
of ±0.1% (full scale). The analog signal has a bandwidth of 100 Hz and amplitude range of
-10 to +10 volts.
i) Determine the maximum sampling rate required
ii) Determine the number of bits in each PCM word
iii) Determine the minimum bit rate and
iv) Determine the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for the transmission of the
PCM signal.
5. A 7 bit PCM system employing uniform quantization has an signaling rate of 56 k bitsper
second. Calculate the SNR, if the input is a sine wave with peak amplitude 5V. Find the
dynamic range of the sine wave inputs so that the SNR is less than 30 dB. What is the
theoretical maximum frequency that the system can handle?

Multiplexing

1. 24 voice channels of 4 kHz bandwidth each sampled at Nyquist rate and encoded into 8 bit
PCM are time division multiplexed with 1 bit/frame as synchronization bit. What is the bit
rate at the output of the multiplexers?
2. Five telemetry signals each of bandwidth 1 kHz are to be transmitted by binary PCM-TDM.
The maximum tolerable error in the sampling amplitude is 0.5% of peak signal amplitude.
The signals are sampled atleast 20% above the Nyquist rate. Framing and synchronization
require additional 0.5% extra bits. Determine the minimum transmission data rate and
minimum required bandwidth.

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