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Introduction To Aducational Research

The document discusses research in education, including what research is, types of educational research such as scientific research and basic vs applied research. It also discusses frameworks for educational research such as scientific realism, social constructivism, advocacy-liberatory, and pragmatism. Finally, it discusses research ethics.

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Ainul Mardhyah
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33 views4 pages

Introduction To Aducational Research

The document discusses research in education, including what research is, types of educational research such as scientific research and basic vs applied research. It also discusses frameworks for educational research such as scientific realism, social constructivism, advocacy-liberatory, and pragmatism. Finally, it discusses research ethics.

Uploaded by

Ainul Mardhyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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No absen : 01

Nama : Ainul Mardiah

Buku : 1 Chapter 1 (Introduction to Aducational Research)

Introduction to Aducational Research

What is Research?

Research is common parlance refers to a reach for knowledge. As a scientific and


systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact research is an art of
scientific investigating.

Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of data related to


the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and various aspects of
education including student learning, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom.

1. Types of educational research


Since the beginning of formalized education, research has been used to help improve
education and to determine how education works in a wide range of situations.
1) Scientific research as applied to education is defined as the application of
systematic methods and techniques that help researchers and practitioners
understand and enhance the teaching and learning process.
Much like research in other fields, research in education uses two basic types of
reasoning:
 inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning is often referred to as a “ bottom - up ” approach to
knowing, in which the researcher uses observations to build an abstraction
or to describe a picture of the phenomenon that is being studied.
 deductive reasoning .
In contrast, deductive reasoning uses a “ top - down ” approach to
knowing. This type of research is known as hypothetical - deductive
method. This hypothesis would be based on a theory or a knowledge base
composed of the results of previous research studies.

The inductive and hypothetic - deductive approaches to knowing represent two general
routes to knowledge used in educational research.

 Inductive reasoning is most closely associated with qualitative research


which collects and summarizes data using primarily narrative or verbal
methods: observations, interviews, and document analysis.
 The hypothetic - deductive method is most closely associated with
quantitative research , which summarizes data using numbers.
Hypotheses and methods of data collection in quantitative research are
created before the research begins.

2) Basic and Applied Research Approaches


 The goal of basic research is to design studies that can test, refine, modify,
or develop theories.
 Applied research studies examine the effectiveness and usefulness of
particular educational practices. Here the goal is to determine the
applicability of educational theory and principles by testing hypotheses
within specific settings.

2. FRAMEWORKS FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH


1. Scientific Realism
Scientific realism is a term applied to the framework used by most researchers who
take a purely quantitative approach to research. Quantitative research is characterized
by a desire to answer research questions by producing numerical data that represent
various constructs and variables.
2. Social Constructivism
Social constructivists view scientifc inquiry as value - bound and not value - free.
According to Lincoln and Guba (1985), this means that the process of inquiry is
influenced by the researcher and by the context under study.
3. Advocacy – Liberatory
advocacy - liberatory is framework for research also assume that there are multiple
possible realities that are dependent on social, political, and economic contexts.
4. Pragmatism
Pragmatism is the framework that has been most developed by American
philosophers. A pragmatist might insist that a good theory is one that helps us
accomplish a specific goal or one that reduces our doubt about the outcome of a given
action. Most pragmatic researchers use a mixed - methods approach to research; for
example, they use both qualitative and quantitative methods to answer their research
questions.

RESEARCH ETHICS

Typically require that the researcher prepare a document that includes the following:

 A cover page . In this the researcher introduces the principal investigator and his or her
qualifications and contact information, the project title, and the type of research that is
being proposed.
 A detailed description of the study . This includes a summary of the literature, the
research method, the significance of the research, and particulars about the location and
duration of the study.
 A description of the participants . The researcher needs to include background
information on the individuals in the sample and the sampling procedures to be used. If
the participants are to be selected from a specific institution (school, hospital, club, and
so on), then written permission is needed from the director or principal.
 Discussion of inducements, benefits, or compensation to be offered to the participants . If
the participants are provided any incentives to encourage their participation in the study,
the specifics should be explained.
 Analysis of the risks and benefits . If there are any potential risks to the participants, the
researcher needs to clearly indicate how the benefits outweigh any risks.
 Informed consent, confidentiality, voluntary nature of the project, and debriefing
activities
This consent form must include the following information:
 Detailed description of the project
 Description of any potential risks involved
 The voluntary nature of the study
 A confidentiality statement

Name : Ainul Mardiah

NIM : 11810423252

No absen : 01

Pertanyaan untuk no absen 02

1. Here it is mentioned that Experimental research: studying the effects or impacts of


approaches under strict and controlled conditions to make causality statements. Would
you please explain more about experimental research?

2. What makes the mixed method of researching the most complex among other methods?

1. The inductive and hypothetic - deductive approaches to knowing represent two general
routes to knowledge used in educational research. So what is the routes and are this
routes important in educational research? Please explain it
 Two general routes to knowledge used in educational research are qualitative
research and quantitative research, these two routes are very important in
educational research, because the basis for educational research is the scientific
method. The scientific method uses directed questions and manipulation
of variables to systematically find information about the teaching and learning
process. In this scenario questions are answered by the analysis of data that is
collected specifically for the purpose of answering these questions. Hypotheses
are written and subsequently proved or disproved by data which leads to the
creation of new hypotheses. The two main types of data that are used under this
method are qualitative and quantitative. qualitative research which collects and
summarizes data using primarily narrative or verbal methods: observations,
interviews, and document analysis. quantitative research , which summarizes
data using numbers. Hypotheses and methods of data collection in quantitative
research are created before the research begins.
2. Which type of research is the best in educational research and please give the reason
 I think the right type of research in educational research is Basic and Applied
Research Approaches, because the purpose of basic research is to design studies
that can test, refine, modify, or develop theories.
And applied research examines the effectiveness and usefulness of certain
educational practices. Here the goal is to determine the application of theories and
principles of education by testing hypotheses in certain settings. So in my opinion
this type is best because if we use Basic and Applied Research Approaches, we
can develop theories and improve the method in carrying out the educational
process to run efectively and achieve the goals that have been determined.

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