Technical Information

Basic Principles for the Design of

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

7 Liquid Ring Compressors

In addition to liquid ring vacuum pumps, SIHI also produces liquid ring compressors which
are designed specifically for compressing gases in the overpressure range.
SIHI liquid ring compressors are available as single, two, three or four stage versions and
can be used for discharge overpressures of between 0.2 and 11 bar.
For both vacuum pumps and compressors, the inlet volumetric flow rate is always
referred to the suction state (suction pressure and suction temperature).
In essence, the same relationships apply for the design of liquid ring compressors as
apply for liquid ring vacuum pumps.
One exception to this rule is the influence factor for service liquid temperature λI (section
3.1). In this case, it is advisable to use the equation for λI,1 [equation (22)].

8 Calculation Examples

8.1 Calculating the Required Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate under Consideration of the Leakage

Planning Stage:
A degassing plant with the following parameters is planned:

Volume V ≈ 15 m³

Seal length (standard seal) l ≈ 10 m

Suction pressure pA = 50 mbar

Suction temperature tA = 30 °C (TA = 303 K)

Gas flow from process (air)  V = 18 kg/h

m

Molar mass air MLu = 28.96 kg/kmol

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

Estimated leakage:

a) from the length of the joint (section 2.2.1 a)

 mL
m L = l ⋅ mL = 0.2
kg
l l h⋅m
 L = 10 ⋅ 0.2
m
 L = 2 kg / h
m

b) from the volume of the system (section 2.2.1 b)

Per table for V = 15 m³:

 L = 5 kg / h
m

The leakage mass flow rate probably lies between 2 and 5 kg/h. The following is
defined for the planning phase:

 L = 4 kg / h
m

Required inlet volumetric flow rate:

 =m
m V +mL
 = 18 + 4
m

m = 22 kg/h

Taking regard of the suction pressure, the required inlet volumetric flow rate is as follows:
 TA
 = 83.15 ⋅ m
(2) S= VA ⋅
MLu pA

22 303
S = 83.15 ⋅ ⋅
28.96 50

S = 383 m³/h

A pump is required with an inlet volumetric flow rate of at least S = 383 m³/h for a suction
state of 50 mbar and 30 °C.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

Installed System:
After the system has been constructed and installed, a pressure increase measurement is
conducted to check the leakage. Since the various fittings and pipes make the task of
determining the volume a difficult one, 2 measurements are performed, one of which has
a defined gas inflow.
First measurement without gas inflow
Measuring time tM1 = 120 s
Pressure increase ∆p1 = 10 mbar

 o = 4 kg/h (air)
Second measurement with gas inflow m
Measuring time tM2 = 120 s
Pressure increase ∆p2 = 30 mbar

 o is transformed with equation (17):

m
(17) qo = 233.7 ⋅ m
o
qo = 233.7 ⋅ 4
mbar ⋅ l
qo = 935
s

The leakage rate is calculated with equation (20):

qo ⋅ tM2 1
(20) qL = ⋅
∆p2 tM1 t
− M2
∆p1 ∆p2
935 ⋅ 120 1
qL = ⋅
30 120 120
−
10 30
mbar ⋅ l
qL = 468
s
The inlet volumetric flow rate required for the system is calculated from equation (18). For
this purpose, the gas flow from the process is converted accordingly:

1 
m
(16) qV = ⋅ R ⋅ V ⋅ TA
360 MLu
1 18
qV = ⋅ 8315 ⋅ ⋅ 303
360 28.96
mbar ⋅ l
qV = 4350
s

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

qV + qL
(18) S = 3.6 ⋅
pA
4350 + 468
S = 3.6 ⋅
50
S = 347 m³/h

Compared to the value of 383 m³/h calculated in the planning stage, a pump is required
with an inlet volumetric flow rate of only 347 m³/h for a suction pressure of 50 mbar and a
suction temperature of 30 °C.

8.2 Calculating the Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate if the Air Flow is Saturated with Water Vapour
An air flow of 8 kg/h saturated with water vapour is to be drawn off:

Air mass flow  Lu =

m 8 kg/h
Suction pressure pA = 100 mbar
Suction temperature tA = 40 °C (TA = 313 K)
Saturation vapour pressure of water at tA = 40 °C:
pD = 73.75 mbar
Molar mass, air MLu = 28.96 kg/kmol
Molar mass, water (vapour) MWa = 18.02 kg/kmol

For a saturated mixture the partial pressure of the vapour is equal to the vapour pressure
for the mixture temperature.

The partial pressure of the air in suction state is:

pLu = ptot - pD
pLu = 100 - 73.75
pLu = 26.25 mbar

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

Applying Dalton’s law, the ratio of the vapour flow to the air flow is as follows:

V D pD
(10) V = pLu
Lu


V 73.75
V = 26.25
D

Lu


V
V = 2.8
D

Lu

The volume flow of the vapour is 2.8 times greater than that of the dry air. The possibility
of condensation upstream of the pump would be worth considering in this case.
The mixture volume flow can be calculated using equation (11). The vapour mass flow
required for this equation is calculated from equation (14):

(14) m  Lu ⋅ MWa ⋅ pD
D = m
MLu pLu

 D = 8 ⋅ 18.02 ⋅ 73.75
m
28.96 26.25
 D = 14 kg/h
m

m  
m
83.15 ⋅  Lu + D  ⋅T A
(11)  =
S= V  MLu MWa 
tot
pA

 8 14 
83.15 ⋅  + ⋅ 313
 28.96 18.02 
S=
100
S = 274 m³/h

A vacuum pump is needed which has an inlet volumetric flow rate of at least 274 m³/h for
a suction pressure of 100 mbar.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

8.3 Influence of the Service Water Temperature and Gas Temperature on the Inlet Volumetric
Flow Rate

A liquid ring vacuum pump must be designed for the degassing plant described in
example 8.1.
Firstly, the required inlet volumetric flow rate is converted to the conditions used for the
catalogue specifications.
The following are given:
Required inlet volumetric flow rate S = 347 m³/h
Suction pressure pA = 50 mbar
Suction temperature tA = 30 °C
Service water temperature tB = 20 °C
To convert between the operating conditions and the list values for the liquid ring pumps,
equation (21) applies for dry gases:

S
(21) SL =
λI ⋅ λIII
Influence factors λI and λIII must be calculated first.

- Influence of the service water temperature λI (Figs. 2 and 3):

A single-stage pump is to be used. Equation (22) must therefore be used.
The vapour pressure of the service water at 20 °C is pD = 23.37 mbar.

p A ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln pA − 0.0783) − 105

. ⋅ pD
(22) λ I,1 =
p A ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln pA − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 17.04

50 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 50 − 0.0783) − 105

. ⋅ 23.37
λ I,1 =
50 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 50 − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 17.04

λ I,1 = 0.786

λI,1 could also have been read directly from the diagram in Fig. 2.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

- Influence of the temperature of the pumped medium λIII (Fig. 4):

Influence factor λIII can be taken from the diagram in Fig. 4 or calculated with equation
(24).
0.66 ⋅ ( t A − 20)
(24) λIII = 1 +
tB + 273

0.66 ⋅ (30 − 20)

λ III = 1 +
20 + 273
λ III = 1023
.

The list value for the required pump is thus:

347
(21) SL =
0.786 ⋅ 1023
.

SL = 432 m³/h

A liquid ring vacuum pump must be selected for the degassing plant which, according to
the catalogue, has an inlet volumetric flow rate of at least 432 m³/h at a suction pressure
of 50 mbar.
The appropriate liquid ring vacuum pump can then be located in the Vacuum Catalogue.
Single-stage pump LEH 800 satisfies the requirements. At a suction pressure of 50 mbar,
this pump has a listed volumetric flow of 495 m³/h. This corresponds to an inlet volumetric
flow rate under operating conditions of:
(21) S = SL ⋅ λI,1 ⋅ λIII
S = 495⋅0.786⋅1.023
S = 398 m³/h
The selected pump has an inlet volumetric flow rate of 398 m³/h compared to a required
inlet volumetric flow rate of 347 m³/h.
The possibility of saving service liquid by increasing its temperature to 22 °C will be
examined.
For these conditions the pump will need to be recalculated:
SL = 495 m³/h
pA = 50 mbar
tA = 30 °C
tB = 22 °C
The vapour pressure of the service water at 22 °C is:
pD,B = 26.43 mbar

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

- Influence factor λI (Fig. 2):

50 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 50 − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 26.43
(23) λ I,1 =
50 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 50 − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 17.04
λI = 0.682

- Influence factor λIII (Fig. 4):

0.66 ⋅ (30 − 20)
(24) λ III = 1 +
22 + 273
λIII = 1.022
Under the new operating conditions (tB = 22 °C) the LEH 800 has an inlet volumetric flow
rate of:
(21) S = 495⋅0.682⋅1.022
S = 345 m³/h

This value is only slightly lower than that required. The calculation is thus repeated for a
service liquid temperature of 21.5 °C:
tB = 21.5 °C
pD,B = 25.65 mbar

- Influence factor λI:

50 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 50 − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 25.65
(23) λ I,1 =
50 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 50 − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 17.04
λI = 0.708

- Influence factor λIII:

0.66 ⋅ (30 − 20)
(24) λ III = 1 +
. + 273
215
λIII = 1.022

- Inlet volumetric flow rate:

(21) S = 495⋅0.708⋅1.022
S = 358 m³/h
The LEH 800 pumps 358 m³/h at a suction pressure of 50 mbar and a service water
temperature of 21.5 °C.
Since a minimum inlet volumetric flow rate of 347 m³/h was required, the pump can be
operated at a service water temperature of 21.5 °C.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

8.4 Condensation in the Pump

A suitable liquid ring vacuum pump is to be found for the example quoted in section 8.2
for pumping water-vapour saturated air.
The following values apply for the case in hand:
Water-vapour saturated air
Suction pressure pA = 100 mbar
Suction temperature tA = 40 °C
Required inlet volumetric flow rate S = 274 m³/h
Temperature of service water tB = 15 °C

Since design dimensions need to be used in the calculation to determine λII, the pump for
which the calculation is required must be specified. Let us first examine single-stage
pump LE⋅ 250 which is suitable for suction pressures of up to 33 mbar:

Inlet volumetric flow rate as per list S = 193 m³/h

Drive power at pA = 100 mbar P = 4.3 kW

The inlet volumetric flow rate under operating conditions is calculated as follows:

(25) S = SL ⋅λI,1 ⋅λII

- Influence of the service liquid temperature, λI,1:

λI,1 can be calculated with equation (22). In this application case, service water with a
temperature of 15 °C is used.
Thus, λI,1 = 1.

- Condensation in the pump, λII:

[0.75 ⋅ p ⋅ (ln p − 0.2877) ]

E
A A
(26) λ II =
[0.75 ⋅ p ⋅ (ln p − 0.2877) ]
E
A A − 0.75 ⋅ p D,A
0 .0369
 h   p 
E = 0.082 ⋅ + 0.793  ⋅  D,B 
 d  17.04 

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

Given: Vapour pressure of service water pD,B = 17.04 mbar

Vapour pressure of water at the

temperature of the air/water vapour
mixture to be drawn off (tA = 40 °C) pD,A = 73.75 mbar

Ratio h/d of the LE⋅ 250 h/d = 0.51

0.0369
17.04 
E = [0.082 ⋅ 0.51 + 0.793] ⋅  
17.04 
E = 0.835

[0.75 ⋅ 100 ⋅ (ln 100 − 0.2877)]

0.835

λ II =
[0.75 ⋅ 100 ⋅ (ln 100 − 0.2877)] − 0.75 ⋅ 73.75
0 .835

λII = 1.796

- Inlet volumetric flow rate under operating conditions:

S = 193⋅1⋅1.796
S = 347 m³/h

The inlet volumetric flow rate of the LE⋅ 250 under the above conditions is 347 m³/h.
Liquid ring vacuum pump LE⋅ 250 selected for this application is the smallest suitable
pump. Since it pumps 347 m³/h under operating conditions instead of the required
274 m³/h, however, an adjustment will be necessary.

2 options should be examined:

a) Bypass control:

A pipe connection is fitted between the gas outlet line of the separator and the
discharge nozzle on the pump. The return flow can be adjusted by means of a
bypass valve in order to maintain the suction pressure. The earlier calculation
applies.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

b) Controlling the service liquid temperature:

The inlet volumetric flow rate of the pump can be reduced in order to increase the
temperature of the service liquid.

The calculation is to be performed for

service water temperature tB = 24 °C
vapour pressure of service water pD,B = 29.84 mbar

- Influence factor λI:

100 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 100 − 0.0783) − 105

. ⋅ 29.84
(22) λ I,1 =
100 ⋅ (0.27 ⋅ ln 100 − 0.0783) − 105
. ⋅ 17.04
λI,1 = 0.864

- Influence factor λII:

0 .0369
 29.84 
(26) E = [0.082 ⋅ 0.51 + 0.793] ⋅ 
 17.04 
E = 0.852

[0.75 ⋅ 100 ⋅ (ln 100 − 0.2877)]

0.852

λ II =
[0.75 ⋅ 100 ⋅ (ln 100 − 0.2877)] − 0.75 ⋅ 73.75
0 .852

λII = 1.672

- Inlet volumetric flow rate:

(25) S = 193⋅0.864⋅1.672
S = 279 m³/h

The required inlet volumetric flow rate and that of the selected pump are well matched
under the new operating conditions (tB = 24 °C).

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

It would now be interesting to see how much water vapour condenses during the
compression process.
In task 8.2 we calculated that a vapour mass flow rate of m  D,V = 14 kg/h is required in
suction state to saturate an air flow rate of 8 kg/h. The water vapour component for the
state after the pump can also be calculated with equation (14):
MWa pD,V
(14)  D,V = m
m  Lu ⋅ ⋅
MLu pLu,V
pLu,V = pV − pD,V

The temperatures of the mixture and the service liquid converge during the passage
through the pump. It is assumed for the purpose of the calculation that the temperature at
the pump discharge nozzle is 35 °C.

The values on the discharge side are then:

Discharge pressure (atmospheric) pV = 1013 mbar
Temperature of the gas tV = 35 °C
Temperature of the service liquid tB,V = tV
Vapour pressure of water at tB,V = 35 °C pD,V = 56.23 mbar

The vapour mass flow on the discharge side is

MWa pD,V
(14)  D,V = m
m  Lu ⋅ ⋅
MLu pV − pD,V

 Lu = 8 kg/h.
The air mass flow rate to be pumped is (see task 8.2) m

 D,V = 8 ⋅ 18.02 ⋅
m
56.23
28.96 1013 − 56.23
 D,V = 0.29 kg/h
m

While the water-vapour saturated air flow is being compressed, the partial mass flow of
the vapour reduces from 14 kg/h to 0.29 kg/h, i.e. almost the entire vapour condenses in
the pump.
K = m
m  D,A − m
 D,V
 K = 14 - 0.29
m
 K = 13.71 kg/h
m

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

8.5 Heat Flow to be Discharged

In section 8.4 we set out liquid ring vacuum pump LE⋅ 250 for drawing off water-vapour
saturated air (example 8.2). The heat flow to be discharged by the service liquid and the
increase in the temperature of the service liquid will now be calculated.
The following are given:
Suction temperature tA = 40 °C

Mass flow rate, air  Lu =

m 8 kg/h

Mass flow rate, water vapour  D,A =

m 14 kg/h

Mass flow rate, condensed vapour K

m = 13.71 kg/h

Drive power P = 4.3 kW

Temperature of service liquid tB = 24 °C

Service liquid flow V B = 1.1 m³/h

(F in catalogue sheet LEM/LEL LE3, interpolated for pA = 100 mbar)

Substance values required:

Evaporation heat for water r = 2431 kJ/kg
(mean temperature of 30 °C)
kJ
Specific heat, water vapour cp,D = 1.88
kg ⋅ K
kJ
Specific heat, air cp,Lu = 1.01
kg ⋅ K
Density of water ρWa = 1000 kg/m³

kJ
Specific heat, water cp,Wa = 4.18
kg ⋅ K

Calculation of the heat flow to be discharged:

- Condensation heat flow:


(27) Q comp = P ⋅ 3600


Q = 4.3 ⋅ 3600
comp


Q comp = 15 480 kJ/h

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

- Condensation heat:

cond = m K ⋅ r
(28) Q 

Q = 13.71 ⋅ 2431
cond


Q cond = 33 329 kJ/h

- Cooling heat flow:

cool = m A ⋅ cp,A ⋅ ( t A − t V )
(29) 
Q 


Q  (  )
cool = m Lu ⋅ c p,Lu + m D, A ⋅ c p,D ⋅ (t A − t V )

A temperature of tV = 35 °C is assumed in a first-order approximation.

cool = (8 ⋅ 101 . ) ⋅ (40 − 35)


Q . + 14 ⋅ 188

Q cool = 172 kJ/h

It can be seen from the numerical example that the cooling heat flow is very small
compared with the compression and condensation heat flows. It could therefore be
ignored.

- Heat flow to be discharged

 =Q
Q   
(30) in comp + Q cond + Q cool

 = 15 480 + 33 329 + 172

Q in

 = 48 981 kJ/h
Q in

A heat flow rate of 48 981 kJ/h must be discharged by the service liquid.
This heat flow raises the temperature of the service liquid as it flows through the pump.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

- Temperature increase:

Q
(31) t V − tB = out
 B ⋅ cp,Wa
m

Where:  =Q
Q 
out in

 = 48 981 kJ
Q out
kg ⋅ K
 ⋅ρ
B =V
m B Wa

 B = 1.1 ⋅ 1000
m
48 981
t V − tB =
1100 ⋅ 418
.
tV - tB = 10.7 K

The temperature of the service fluid is increased by 10.7 K.

tV = 24 + 10.7
tV = 34.7 °C ≈ 35 °C

The heat released is sufficient to raise the temperature of the service liquid passing
through the pump from 24 °C to 35 °C.
In task 8.4 a compression temperature tV was assumed for the purpose of calculating the
condensate mass flow. As the above calculation shows, compression temperature tV is
also obtained via the heat balance. In the selected example, the assumption has
therefore been confirmed. If assumptions were not to be confirmed for other calculations,
an iteration may have to be performed. For this purpose, the condensate mass flow would
be re-calculated using the calculated compression temperature and, resulting therefrom,
the heat flow to be discharged.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

8.6 Saving in Service Water using Combined Liquid Operation

How does combined liquid operation (Fig. 10) compare with once through liquid operation
(Fig. 9). What savings in once through liquid does it allow?

The following are known from example 8.5:

Service liquid flow V B = 1.1 m³/h

Temperature of service water tB = 24 °C

Temperature at pump outlet tV = 35 °C

Temperature of once through liquid tF = 15 °C

Equation (32) is used to calculate the once through liquid required in combined operation.

(32)  ⋅ t V − tB
V F = V
t V − tF
B

 = 11 35 − 24
V . ⋅
35 − 15
F

V F = 0.6 m³/h

The following liquid flow can be saved:

V = V − V
R B

F

V R = 1.1 - 0.6
V = 0.5 m³/h
R

This is almost half the service liquid flow.

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Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

9 Water Vapour Chart (Saturation State)

t, T = temperature
p = vapour pressure
v" = specific volume of water vapour
r = evaporation heat

t T p v" r t T p v" r
°C K mbar m³/kg kJ/kg °C K mbar m³/kg kJ/kg
-40 233.16 0.1284 8382 2839 -5 268.16 4.012 308.4 2835
-39 234.16 0.1437 7521 2839 -4 269.16 4.369 284.3 2835
-38 235.16 0.1607 6755 2839 -3 270.16 4.754 262.3 2835
-37 236.16 0.1795 6072 2839 -2 271.16 5.170 242.0 2835
-36 237.16 0.2003 5464 2839 -1 272.16 5.619 223.5 2835
-35 238.16 0.2233 4921 2839 0 273.16 6.108 206.3 2502
-34 239.16 0.2488 4436 2839 1 274.16 6.567 192.6 2499
-33 240.16 0.2769 4002 2839 2 275.16 7.057 179.9 2497
-32 241.16 0.3080 3614 2839 3 276.16 7.578 168.2 2495
-31 242.16 0.3422 3266 2838 4 277.16 8.132 157.3 2492
-30 243.16 0.3799 2954 2838 5 278.16 8.720 147.2 2490
-29 244.16 0.4213 2674 2838 6 279.16 9.346 137.8 2487
-28 245.16 0.4669 2423 2838 7 280.16 10.011 129.1 2485
-27 246.16 0.5170 2197 2838 8 281.16 10.718 121.0 2483
-26 247.16 0.5720 1994 2838 9 282.16 11.469 113.4 2480
-25 248.16 0.6324 1811 2838 10 283.16 12.266 106.4 2478
-24 249.16 0.6985 1646 2838 11 284.16 13.112 99.91 2476
-23 250.16 0.7709 1497 2838 12 285.16 14.010 93.84 2473
-22 251.16 0.8502 1363 2838 13 286.16 14.961 88.18 2471
-21 252.16 0.9369 1242 2838 14 287.16 15.970 82.90 2469
-20 253.16 1.032 1132 2838 15 288.16 17.038 77.98 2466
-19 254.16 1.135 1033 2838 16 289.16 18.168 73.38 2464
-18 255.16 1.248 943.5 2837 17 290.16 19.364 69.09 2461
-17 256.16 1.371 862.2 2837 18 291.16 20.63 65.09 2459
-16 257.16 1.505 788.4 2837 19 292.16 21.96 61.34 2457
-15 258.16 1.651 721.5 2837 20 293.16 23.37 57.84 2454
-14 259.16 1.810 660.7 2837 21 294.16 24.86 54.56 2452
-13 260.16 1.983 605.4 2837 22 295.16 26.43 51.49 2450
-12 261.16 2.171 555.2 2837 23 296.16 28.09 48.62 2447
-11 262.16 2.375 509.5 2836 24 297.16 29.84 45.92 2445
-10 263.16 2.596 467.8 2836 25 298.16 31.68 43.40 2443
-9 264.16 2.836 429.9 2836 26 299.16 33.61 41.03 2440
-8 265.16 3.096 395.2 2836 27 300.16 35.65 38.81 2438
-7 266.16 3.378 363.6 2836 28 301.16 37.80 36.73 2435
-6 267.16 3.683 334.8 2836 29 302.16 40.06 34.77 2433

Editor VTF - Dr. Jünemann Replaces No. ---

Date August 1998 No. 120.70004.52.43E
 Technical Information
Basic Principles for the Design of
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors

Water Vapour Chart (Saturation State)

t, T = temperature
p = vapour pressure
v" = specific volume of waver vapour
r = evaporation heat

t T p v" r t T p v" r
°C K mbar m³/kg kJ/kg °C K mbar m³/kg kJ/kg
30 303.16 42.43 32.93 2431 65 338.16 250.1 6.202 2346
31 304.16 44.93 31.20 2428 66 339.16 261.6 5.948 2344
32 305.16 47.55 29.57 2426 67 340.16 273.4 5.706 2341
33 306.16 50.30 28.04 2424 68 341.16 285.7 5.476 2339
34 307.16 53.19 26.60 2421 69 342.16 298.5 5.256 2337
35 308.16 56.23 25.24 2419 70 343.16 311.7 5.046 2334
36 309.16 59.41 23.97 2416 71 344.16 325.4 4.846 2332
37 310.16 62.74 22.76 2414 72 345.16 339.7 4.656 2329
38 311.16 66.24 21.63 2412 73 346.16 354.5 4.474 2327
39 312.16 69.91 20.56 2409 74 347.16 369.8 4.300 2324
40 313.16 73.75 19.55 2407 75 348.16 385.6 4.134 2322
41 314.16 77.77 18.59 2405 76 349.16 402.0 3.976 2319
42 315.16 81.98 17.69 2402 77 350.16 419.0 3.824 2316
43 316.16 86.38 16.84 2400 78 351.16 436.7 3.680 2314
44 317.16 90.99 16.04 2397 79 352.16 454.9 3.541 2311
45 318.16 95.80 15.28 2395 80 353.16 473.8 3.409 2309
46 319.16 100.83 14.56 2393 81 354.16 493.3 3.283 2306
47 320.16 106.10 13.88 2390 82 355.16 513.4 3.162 2304
48 321.16 111.60 13.23 2388 83 356.16 534.3 3.046 2301
49 322.16 117.33 12.62 2385 84 357.16 555.9 2.935 2299
50 323.16 123.33 12.05 2383 85 358.16 578.2 2.829 2296
51 324.16 129.59 11.50 2381 86 359.16 601.2 2.727 2294
52 325.16 136.11 10.98 2378 87 360.16 625.0 2.630 2291
53 326.16 142.91 10.49 2376 88 361.16 649.6 2.536 2288
54 327.16 150.01 10.02 2373 89 362.16 675.0 2.447 2286
55 328.16 157.40 9.579 2371 90 363.16 701.2 2.361 2283
56 329.16 165.10 9.159 2368 91 364.16 728.3 2.279 2281
57 330.16 173.12 8.760 2366 92 365.16 756.1 2.200 2278
58 331.16 181.47 8.381 2364 93 366.16 784.9 2.124 2275
59 332.16 190.16 8.021 2361 94 367.16 814.7 2.052 2273
60 333.16 199.21 7.679 2359 95 368.16 845.3 1.982 2270
61 334.16 208.6 7.353 2356 96 369.16 876.9 1.915 2268
62 335.16 218.4 7.044 2354 97 370.16 909.5 1.851 2265
63 336.16 228.6 6.749 2351 98 371.16 943.0 1.789 2262
64 337.16 239.2 6.469 2349 99 372.16 977.6 1.730 2260

Editor VTF - Dr. Jünemann Replaces No. ---

Date August 1998 No. 120.70004.52.44E