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Constructed Phylogenetic Tree.: (E) Identify The Monophyletic, Paraphyletic and Polyphyletic Group in Your

The document identifies monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups from two phylogenetic trees. Monophyletic groups include a common ancestor and all descendants, sharing synapomorphic traits. Paraphyletic groups also include a common ancestor but exclude some descendants. Polyphyletic groups descend from more than one ancestor with different traits.

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Davinci Legaspi
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10 views

Constructed Phylogenetic Tree.: (E) Identify The Monophyletic, Paraphyletic and Polyphyletic Group in Your

The document identifies monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups from two phylogenetic trees. Monophyletic groups include a common ancestor and all descendants, sharing synapomorphic traits. Paraphyletic groups also include a common ancestor but exclude some descendants. Polyphyletic groups descend from more than one ancestor with different traits.

Uploaded by

Davinci Legaspi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(E) Identify the monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic group in your

constructed phylogenetic tree.

Monophyletic groups from


Phylogenetic Tree A.

Each monophyletic group


includes a common ancestor
and all of their descendants and
is united by their
synapomorphic traits. The first
monophyletic group included
those who have descended
from an ancestor with
backbone, the second from an
ancestor with hinged jaws, the
third from those with four
Paraphyletic groups from
Phylogenetic Tree A.

Each paraphyletic group


includes a common ancestor
but not all of their descendants.
A specific taxon from the
monophyletic group was
excluded to form the
paraphyletic group. The first
group excluded those with four
limbs, the second excluded
those with amnion, the third
excluded those with mammary

Polyphyletic groups from


Phylogenetic Tree A.

Each polyphyletic taxon


descended from more than one
ancestor that has different
traits. The lamprey descended
from an ancestor with
backbone while the salmon
descended from an ancestor
with a hinged jaw and dorsal
fin. The same goes for the other
polyphyletic groups.
Monophyletic groups from
Phylogenetic Tree C.

The same monophyletic groups


from the Phylogenetic Tree A.
The only difference is the
removal of one monophyletic
group due to the change in the
arrangement of taxon since
salmon became a sister species
of dolphin.

Paraphyletic groups from


Phylogenetic Tree C.

The paraphyletic groups in this


tree is less than those from tree
A since the dolphin is no longer
the last taxon and is placed as a
sister taxon with the salmon.

Polyphyletic groups from


Phylogenetic Tree C.

The polyphyletic groups from


this tree shows that the taxon
have descended from more
than one ancestor. The salmon
came from an ancestor with
hinged jaws and dorsal fine
while the tortoise came from
an ancestor that had hinged
jaws, four limbs, and amnion.

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