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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Is

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike natural human and animal intelligence. AI research aims to create machines that can perceive their environment and take actions to achieve goals. As machines progress, tasks considered intelligent are removed from the definition of AI. AI research has experienced periods of optimism and funding followed by disappointment and loss of funding. AI research is divided into technical subfields that sometimes fail to communicate, such as robotics, machine learning, logic, and neural networks. The goals of AI include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, language processing, perception, and physical manipulation. General intelligence is a long term goal. AI draws from many fields and raises philosophical issues about creating human-level machine intelligence.

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81 views2 pages

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Is

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike natural human and animal intelligence. AI research aims to create machines that can perceive their environment and take actions to achieve goals. As machines progress, tasks considered intelligent are removed from the definition of AI. AI research has experienced periods of optimism and funding followed by disappointment and loss of funding. AI research is divided into technical subfields that sometimes fail to communicate, such as robotics, machine learning, logic, and neural networks. The goals of AI include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, language processing, perception, and physical manipulation. General intelligence is a long term goal. AI draws from many fields and raises philosophical issues about creating human-level machine intelligence.

Uploaded by

Lielet Matutino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI), is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike


the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. Leading AI textbooks
define the field as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its
environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its
goals.[3] Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines
(or computers) that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with the human
mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".[4]
As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence"
are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect.[5] A
quip in Tesler's Theorem says "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet."[6] For
instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to
be AI,[7] having become a routine technology.[8] Modern machine capabilities generally
classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech,[9] competing at the
highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go),[10] autonomously
operating cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, and military simulations.[11]
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1955, and in the years
since has experienced several waves of optimism,[12][13] followed by disappointment and
the loss of funding (known as an "AI winter"),[14][15] followed by new approaches, success
and renewed funding.[13][16] For most of its history, AI research has been divided into sub-
fields that often fail to communicate with each other.[17] These sub-fields are based on
technical considerations, such as particular goals (e.g. "robotics" or "machine learning"),
[18]
 the use of particular tools ("logic" or artificial neural networks), or deep philosophical
differences.[21][22][23] Sub-fields have also been based on social factors (particular
institutions or the work of particular researchers).[17]
The traditional problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge
representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the
ability to move and manipulate objects.[18] General intelligence is among the field's long-
term goals.[24] Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence,
and traditional symbolic AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and
mathematical optimization, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics,
probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, information
engineering, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields.
The field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence "can be so precisely
described that a machine can be made to simulate it".[25] This raises philosophical
arguments about the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with
human-like intelligence. These issues have been explored
by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.[30] Some people also consider AI to be a
danger to humanity if it progresses unabated.[31][32] Others believe that AI, unlike previous
technological revolutions, will create a risk of mass unemployment.[33]
In the twenty-first century, AI techniques have experienced a resurgence following
concurrent advances in computer power, large amounts of data, and theoretical
understanding; and AI techniques have become an essential part of the technology
industry, helping to solve many challenging problems in computer science, software
engineering and operations research.[34][16]

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