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Size of Atom When Going: Across A Period

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Von Jin
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26 views9 pages

Size of Atom When Going: Across A Period

Uploaded by

Von Jin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Size of atom decreases when going

across a period
No. of proton ↑ , the nucleus charge ↑
but the shielding effect remains constant.

Effective Nuclear Charge, Z* increase.

Each added electron feels a greater &


greater +ve charge.

e− clouds are pulled closer to the nucleus.

Atomic radius decreases.


2. Ionic Radius
• Ionic radius of cations & anions
decreases when going across a period
• For isoelectronic cations, the more
positive the ionic charge, the smaller
the ionic radius.
• For isoelectronic anions, the more
negative charge, the larger the ionic
radius.
• Cation is always smaller than atom
from which it is formed.
• Anion is always larger than atom from
which it is formed.
3. Melting Point & Boiling Point
Generally: depends on STRUCTURE &
TYPE OF BONDING

• When going down Group 1, 2 & 3,


the mp / bp decreases due to the
increase in atomic radius.
MP and BP
(when across a period)
Period 3 Elements
Structure & Bonding Type of
Elements in Period 3:

Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Crystal Metallic Giant Simple


structure molecular molecular
Bonding Metallic Covalent Van der
Waals
Explanation: the trend of MP and BP
across a Period 3
Na, Mg and Al
• Metals with metallic bonding.
• Thus, relatively high mp and bp.
• Going from Na to Al,
No. of delocalize e- increases
Metallic bond stronger
More heat energy needed
Bp & mp increase in order of :
Na < Mg < Al
Silicon
• Has a giant covalent
structure with strong
covalent bond
• More energy needed to
break the bond
Silicon
• Relatively high mp and bp
Phosphorus, Sulphur, Chlorine, Argon
• Van der Waals attraction.
• Mp and bp will be lower than those 1st
four elements (Na, Mg, Al and Si).
• Phosphorus exists as P4 molecules
• Sulphur exists as S8 molecules
• Chlorine exists as Cl2 molecules
• Argon exists as individual Ar atoms
• The strength of the Van der Waals forces
decreases as the size of the molecule
decreases
• So the mp and bp decrease in the order
S8 > P4 > Cl2 > Ar

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