CE 135 – Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

CHAPTER IA:
Introduction to Steel

Prepared by: Engr. NMSTabucal

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TOPIC OUTLINE
1.1 Structural Design
1.2 Structural Steel
1.3 Physical Properties of Steel
1.4 Steel Structures

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1.1Structural Design 1.2 1.2 1.4

Structural Design
Requires the determination of the overall
proportions and dimensions of the supporting
framework and the selection of the cross
section of each structural element

Experienced engineer’s perception used to

produce a safe and economical structure for an
intended purpose using knowledge from
statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, and
structural analysis
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1.1Structural Design 1.2 1.2 1.4

DESIGN

A process in which an optimum solution is

achieved

By optimum solution, we mean:

 Maximum operation efficiency
 Minimum weight
 Passed structural specifications
 Minimum material cost
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1.1Structural Design 1.2 1.2 1.4

Parts of Design Procedure

Functional Structural Framework

Intended results are Arrangement and sizes

achieved of elements

Clearance, ventilation, Serviceability and

transportation, lighting soundness

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1.1Structural Design 1.2 1.2 1.4

Planning Conceptual Schematic Detail

Design Design Design
• overall layout • Basic concept • Processing of • Documents
and and conceptual needed for
dimensions preliminary design and procurement,
estimation requirement construction,
and operation

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1.1 1.2 Structural Steel 1.2 1.4

STEEL ACCORDING TO COMPOSITION

PLAIN CARBON
- Iron with 1% carbon

LOW-ALLOY STEEL
- Alloy components
- Higher strength and lower ductility

HIGH-ALLOY STEEL
- Higher percentage of alloys
- Higher strength and corrosion resistance
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1.1 1.2 Structural Steel 1.2 1.4

TYPES OF STEEL ACCORDING TO SHAPES

ROLLED SHAPE
- Hot rolled steel, mostly used for structural purposes
- American Standard Shapes

COLD-FORMED SHAPE
- Rolling or pressing thin steel sheets
- Lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, easier
installation, and accuracy in detailing

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1.3 Physical
1.1 1.2 1.4
Properties

Several tests are done in order to determine the steel’s

physical properties and suitability for specific uses

Tension Test
- Determines strength, stiffness, ductility, and
toughness of steel

Residual Stresses
- Stresses that exist in the member and is associated
with plastic deformation during manufacturing
process

Mill Test
- Certifies that steel meets prescribe specifications
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Steel Structures

1.4.1 TYPES OF STEEL STRUCTURES

1. FRAMED STRUCTURES
- Most common type of structure which consist of
axial members, flexural members, and beam-
columns

2. SHELL-TYPE STRUCTURES
- Axial forces are dominant

3. SUSPENSION-TYPE STRUCTURES
- Supported by axial tension
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Steel Structures

SUSPENSION-TYPE
FRAMED STRUCTURE

SHELL-TYPE
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Steel Structures

1.4.2 Classification of Structures and Members

Frames
- Composed of two or more members joined together
by connections: Rigid-joint/moment resisting,
Semi-rigid, and simple shear

Portal Frame Multi-story

Multi-span
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Steel Structures

1.4.2 Classification of Structures and Members

Trusses
- Composed of linear
elements arranged in a
triangular manner to
form a rigid planar
structure

Truss Connection Steel Design|NMST|DCE|UPLB

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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Steel Structures

1.4.3 Framed Multistory Buildings

Typical framed building structure that is composed of:

 Horizontal :
Beams, Girders
 Vertical :
Columns, Posts
 Diagonal :
Bracings, Shear
Bents

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REFERENCES
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2010a. Specification
for Structural Steel Buildings. ANSI/AISC 360-10, Chicago.

Vinnakota, Sriramulu. 2006. Steel Structures: Behavior and

LRFD. McGraw-Hill Companies. Boston.

Segui, W. T. 2012. Steel Design. Fifth Edition. Cengage

Publishing Company

Salmon, Charles G., Johnson, John E, and Malhas, Faris A.

2009. Steel Structures: Design and Behavior: Emphasizing
Load and Resistance Factor Design. Fifth Edition.
Pearson/Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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