Creating Databases Code

Start the CLI:

mysql-ctl cli;

List available databases:

show databases;

The general command for creating a database:

CREATE DATABASE database_name;

A specific example:

CREATE DATABASE soap_store;

CODE: Dropping Databases

To drop a database:

DROP DATABASE database_name;

For Example:

DROP DATABASE hello_world_db;

Remember to be careful with this command! Once you drop a database, it's gone!

SELECT database(); = tells you which database you’re currently using;

 CODE: Using Databases
1. USE <database name>;
2.
3. -- example:
4. USE dog_walking_app;
5.
6. SELECT database();

CODE: Creating Your Own Tables

1. CREATE TABLE tablename
2. (
3. column_name data_type,
4. column_name data_type
5. );

1. CREATE TABLE cats

2. (
3. name VARCHAR(100),
4. age INT
5. );

CODE: How Do We Know It Worked?

1. SHOW TABLES;
2.
3. SHOW COLUMNS FROM tablename;
4.
5. DESC tablename;

CODE: Dropping Tables

Dropping Tables
DROP TABLE <tablename>;

A specific example:
 DROP TABLE cats; ---- Be careful with this command!

CODE: Creating Your Own Tables Challenge

1. CREATE TABLE pastries
2. (
3. name VARCHAR(50),
4. quantity INT
5. );
6.
7. SHOW TABLES;
8.
9. DESC pastries;
10.
11. DROP TABLE pastries;

CODE: Inserting Data

Inserting Data

The "formula":
1. INSERT INTO table_name(column_name) VALUES (data);

For example:
1. INSERT INTO cats(name, age) VALUES ('Jetson', 7);

CODE: Super Quick Intro To SELECT

SELECT * FROM cats;

CODE: Multiple Insert

1. INSERT INTO table_name
2. (column_name, column_name)
3. VALUES (value, value),
4. (value, value),
5. (value, value);

CODE: INSERT Challenges Solution

INSERT Challenge Solution Code
1. CREATE TABLE people
2. (
3. first_name VARCHAR(20),
4. last_name VARCHAR(20),
5. age INT
6. );

1. INSERT INTO people(first_name, last_name, age)

2. VALUES ('Tina', 'Belcher', 13);

1. INSERT INTO people(age, last_name, first_name)

2. VALUES (42, 'Belcher', 'Bob');

1. INSERT INTO people(first_name, last_name, age)

2. VALUES('Linda', 'Belcher', 45)
3. ,('Phillip', 'Frond', 38)
4. ,('Calvin', 'Fischoeder', 70);

DROP TABLE people;

SELECT * FROM people;

show tables;
 MySQL Warnings Code
DESC cats;

Try Inserting a cat with a super long name:

1. INSERT INTO cats(name, age)
2. VALUES('This is some text blah blah blah blah blah text text text something about cats lalalalal meowwwwwwwwwww', 10);

Then view the warning:

SHOW WARNINGS;

Try inserting a cat with incorrect data types:

INSERT INTO cats(name, age) VALUES('Lima', 'dsfasdfdas');

Then view the warning:

SHOW WARNINGS;

CODE: NULL and NOT NULL

 NULL and NOT NULL Code
Try inserting a cat without an age:

INSERT INTO cats(name) VALUES('Alabama');

SELECT * FROM cats;

Try inserting a nameless and ageless cat:

INSERT INTO cats() VALUES();

Define a new cats2 table with NOT NULL constraints:

1. CREATE TABLE cats2

2. (
3. name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
4. age INT NOT NULL
5. );

DESC cats2;

Now try inserting an ageless cat:

INSERT INTO cats2(name) VALUES('Texas');

View the new warnings:

SHOW WARNINGS;

SELECT * FROM cats2;

Do the same for a nameless cat:

INSERT INTO cats2(age) VALUES(7);

SHOW WARNINGS;

CODE: Setting Default Values

 CODE: Setting Default Values
Define a table with a DEFAULT name specified:
1. CREATE TABLE cats3
2. (
3. name VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'no name provided',
4. age INT DEFAULT 99
5. );

Notice the change when you describe the table:

DESC cats3;

Insert a cat without a name:

INSERT INTO cats3(age) VALUES(13);

Or a nameless, ageless cat:

INSERT INTO cats3() VALUES();

Combine NOT NULL and DEFAULT:

1. CREATE TABLE cats4
2. (
3. name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unnamed',
4. age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 99
5. );

Notice The Difference:

1. INSERT INTO cats() VALUES();
2.
3. SELECT * FROM cats;
4.
5. INSERT INTO cats3() VALUES();
6.
7. SELECT * FROM cats3;
8.
9. INSERT INTO cats3(name, age) VALUES('Montana', NULL);
10.
11. SELECT * FROM cats3;
12.
13. INSERT INTO cats4(name, age) VALUES('Cali', NULL);

CODE: A Primer on Primary Keys

CODE: Primary Keys
 Define a table with a PRIMARY KEY constraint:
1. CREATE TABLE unique_cats
2. (
3. cat_id INT NOT NULL,
4. name VARCHAR(100),
5. age INT,
6. PRIMARY KEY (cat_id)
7. );

DESC unique_cats;

Insert some new cats:

1. INSERT INTO unique_cats(cat_id, name, age) VALUES(1, 'Fred', 23);
2.
3. INSERT INTO unique_cats(cat_id, name, age) VALUES(2, 'Louise', 3);
4.
5. INSERT INTO unique_cats(cat_id, name, age) VALUES(1, 'James', 3);

Notice what happens:

SELECT * FROM unique_cats;

Adding in AUTO_INCREMENT:
1. CREATE TABLE unique_cats2 (
2. cat_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
3. name VARCHAR(100),
4. age INT,
5. PRIMARY KEY (cat_id)
6. );

INSERT a couple new cats:

1. INSERT INTO unique_cats2(name, age) VALUES('Skippy', 4);
2. INSERT INTO unique_cats2(name, age) VALUES('Jiff', 3);
3. INSERT INTO unique_cats2(name, age) VALUES('Jiff', 3);
4. INSERT INTO unique_cats2(name, age) VALUES('Jiff', 3);
5. INSERT INTO unique_cats2(name, age) VALUES('Skippy', 4);

Notice the difference:

SELECT * FROM unique_cats2;

CODE: Table Constraints Exercise Solution

Table Constraints Exercise Solution
Defining The employees table:
1. CREATE TABLE employees (
2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
3. first_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
4. last_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
5. middle_name VARCHAR(255),
6. age INT NOT NULL,
7. current_status VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'employed',
8. PRIMARY KEY(id)
9. );

Another way of defining a primary key:

1. CREATE TABLE employees (
2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
3. first_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
4. last_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
5. middle_name VARCHAR(255),
6. age INT NOT NULL,
7. current_status VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'employed'
8. );

A test INSERT:
1. INSERT INTO employees(first_name, last_name, age) VALUES
2. ('Dora', 'Smith', 58);

CODE: Introduction to CRUD

INSERT INTO cats(name, age) VALUES(‘Taco’, 14);

CODE: Preparing Our Data

 CODE: Preparing Our Data
Let's drop the existing cats table:

DROP TABLE cats;

Recreate a new cats table:

1. CREATE TABLE cats
2. (
3. cat_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
4. name VARCHAR(100),
5. breed VARCHAR(100),
6. age INT,
7. PRIMARY KEY (cat_id)
8. );

DESC cats;

And finally insert some new cats:

1. INSERT INTO cats(name, breed, age)
2. VALUES ('Ringo', 'Tabby', 4),
3. ('Cindy', 'Maine Coon', 10),
4. ('Dumbledore', 'Maine Coon', 11),
5. ('Egg', 'Persian', 4),
6. ('Misty', 'Tabby', 13),
7. ('George Michael', 'Ragdoll', 9),
8. ('Jackson', 'Sphynx', 7);

CODE: Official Introduction to SELECT

Various Simple SELECT statements:
SELECT * FROM cats;

SELECT name FROM cats;

SELECT age FROM cats;

SELECT cat_id FROM cats;

SELECT name, age FROM cats;

SELECT cat_id, name, age FROM cats;

SELECT age, breed, name, cat_id FROM cats;

SELECT cat_id, name, age, breed FROM cats;

CODE: Introduction to WHERE

CODE: Introduction to WHERE
Select by age:

SELECT * FROM cats WHERE age=4;

Select by name:

SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='Egg';

Notice how it deals with case:

SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='egG';

CODE: SELECT Challenges Solution

CODE: Select Challenges Solution
SELECT cat_id FROM cats;

SELECT name, breed FROM cats;

SELECT name, age FROM cats WHERE breed='Tabby';

 SELECT cat_id, age FROM cats WHERE cat_id=age;

SELECT * FROM cats WHERE cat_id=age;

CODE: Introduction to Aliases

CODE: Introduction to Aliases
1. SELECT cat_id AS id, name FROM cats;
2.
3. SELECT name AS 'cat name', breed AS 'kitty breed' FROM cats;
4.
5. DESC cats;

CODE: The UPDATE Command

CODE: Updating Data
Change tabby cats to shorthair:

UPDATE cats SET breed='Shorthair' WHERE breed='Tabby';

Another update:

UPDATE cats SET age=14 WHERE name='Misty';

CODE: UPDATE Challenges Solution

CODE: Update Challenges Solution
1. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='Jackson';
2.
3. UPDATE cats SET name='Jack' WHERE name='Jackson';
4.
5. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='Jackson';
6.
7. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='Jack';
8.
9. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='Ringo';
10.
11. UPDATE cats SET breed='British Shorthair' WHERE name='Ringo';
12.
13. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='Ringo';
14.
15. SELECT * FROM cats;
16.
17. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE breed='Maine Coon';
18.
19. UPDATE cats SET age=12 WHERE breed='Maine Coon';
20.
21. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE breed='Maine Coon';

CODE: Introduction to DELETE

CODE: DELETING DATA
1. DELETE FROM cats WHERE name='Egg';
2.
3. SELECT * FROM cats;
4.
5. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE name='egg';
6.
7. DELETE FROM cats WHERE name='egg';
8.
9. SELECT * FROM cats;
10.
11. DELETE FROM cats;

CODE: DELETE Challenges Solution

CODE: DELETE Challenges Solution
1. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE age=4;
2.
3. DELETE FROM cats WHERE age=4;
4.
5. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE age=4;
6.
7. SELECT * FROM cats;
8.
9. SELECT * FROM cats WHERE cat_id=age;
10.
11. DELETE FROM cats WHERE cat_id=age;
12.
13. DELETE FROM cats;
14.
15. SELECT * FROM cats;

CODE: CRUD Exercise Create Solution

1. SELECT database();
2.
3. CREATE DATABASE shirts_db;
4.
5. use shirts_db;
6.
7. SELECT database();
8.
9. CREATE TABLE shirts
10. (
11. shirt_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
12. article VARCHAR(100),
13. color VARCHAR(100),
14. shirt_size VARCHAR(100),
15. last_worn INT,
16. PRIMARY KEY(shirt_id)
17. );
18.
19. DESC shirts;
20.
21. INSERT INTO shirts(article, color, shirt_size, last_worn) VALUES
22. ('t-shirt', 'white', 'S', 10),
23. ('t-shirt', 'green', 'S', 200),
24. ('polo shirt', 'black', 'M', 10),
25. ('tank top', 'blue', 'S', 50),
26. ('t-shirt', 'pink', 'S', 0),
27. ('polo shirt', 'red', 'M', 5),
28. ('tank top', 'white', 'S', 200),
29. ('tank top', 'blue', 'M', 15);
30.
31. SELECT * FROM shirts;
32.
33. INSERT INTO shirts(color, article, shirt_size, last_worn)
34. VALUES('purple', 'polo shirt', 'medium', 50);
35.
36. SELECT * FROM shirts;

CODE: CRUD Exercise Read Solution

1. SELECT article, color FROM shirts;
2.
3. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE shirt_size='M';
4.
5. SELECT article, color, shirt_size, last_worn FROM shirts WHERE sh

CODE: CRUD Exercise Update Solution

1. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE article='polo shirt';
2.
3. UPDATE shirts SET shirt_size='L' WHERE article='polo shirt';
4.
5. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE article='polo shirt';
6.
7. SELECT * FROM shirts;
8.
9. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE last_worn=15;
10.
11. UPDATE shirts SET last_worn=0 WHERE last_worn=15;
12.
13. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE last_worn=15;
14.
15. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE last_worn=0;
16.
17. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE color='white';
18.
19. UPDATE shirts SET color='off white', shirt_size='XS' WHERE color='white';
20.
21. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE color='white';
22.
23. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE color='off white';
24.
25. SELECT * FROM shirts;

CODE: CRUD Exercise Delete Solution

1. SELECT * FROM shirts;
2.
3. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE last_worn=200;
4.
5. DELETE FROM shirts WHERE last_worn=200;
6.
7. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE article='tank top';
8.
9. DELETE FROM shirts WHERE article='tank top';
10.
11. SELECT * FROM shirts WHERE article='tank top';
12.
13. SELECT * FROM shirts;
14.
15. DELETE FROM shirts;
16.
17. SELECT * FROM shirts;
18.
19. DROP TABLE shirts;
20.
21. show tables;
22.
23. DESC shirts;

CODE: Running SQL Files

1. CREATE TABLE cats
2. (
3. cat_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
4. name VARCHAR(100),
5. age INT,
6. PRIMARY KEY(cat_id)
7. );
8.
9. mysql-ctl cli
10.
11. use cat_app;

Exit – Ctrl + C

12.
13. source first_file.sql
14.
15. DESC cats;
16.
17.
18.
19. INSERT INTO cats(name, age)
20. VALUES('Charlie', 17);
21.
22. INSERT INTO cats(name, age)
23. VALUES('Connie', 10);
24.
25. SELECT * FROM cats;
26.
27. source testing/insert.sql
 CODE: Loading Our Book Data
1. First create your book_data.sql file with the following code:
1. DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS book_shop;
2. CREATE DATABASE book_shop;
3. USE book_shop;
4.
5. CREATE TABLE books
6. (
7. book_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
8. title VARCHAR(100),
9. author_fname VARCHAR(100),
10. author_lname VARCHAR(100),
11. released_year INT,
12. stock_quantity INT,
13. pages INT,
14. PRIMARY KEY(book_id)
15. );
16.
17. INSERT INTO books (title, author_fname, author_lname, released_year, stock_quantity, pages)
18. VALUES
19. ('The Namesake', 'Jhumpa', 'Lahiri', 2003, 32, 291),
20. ('Norse Mythology', 'Neil', 'Gaiman',2016, 43, 304),
21. ('American Gods', 'Neil', 'Gaiman', 2001, 12, 465),
22. ('Interpreter of Maladies', 'Jhumpa', 'Lahiri', 1996, 97, 198),
23. ('A Hologram for the King: A Novel', 'Dave', 'Eggers', 2012, 154, 352),
24. ('The Circle', 'Dave', 'Eggers', 2013, 26, 504),
25. ('The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay', 'Michael', 'Chabon', 2000, 68, 634),
26. ('Just Kids', 'Patti', 'Smith', 2010, 55, 304),
27. ('A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius', 'Dave', 'Eggers', 2001, 104, 437),
28. ('Coraline', 'Neil', 'Gaiman', 2003, 100, 208),
29. ('What We Talk About When We Talk About Love: Stories', 'Raymond', 'Carver', 1981, 23, 176),
30. ("Where I'm Calling From: Selected Stories", 'Raymond', 'Carver', 1989, 12, 526),
31. ('White Noise', 'Don', 'DeLillo', 1985, 49, 320),
32. ('Cannery Row', 'John', 'Steinbeck', 1945, 95, 181),
33. ('Oblivion: Stories', 'David', 'Foster Wallace', 2004, 172, 329),
34. ('Consider the Lobster', 'David', 'Foster Wallace', 2005, 92, 343);

2. Then source that file

source book_data.sql

3. Now check your work:

1. DESC books;
2. SELECT * FROM books;
CODE: Working With CONCAT
1. SELECT author_fname, author_lname FROM books;
2.
3. CONCAT(x,y,z) // from slides
4.
5. CONCAT(column, anotherColumn) // from slides
6.
7. CONCAT(author_fname, author_lname)
8.
9. CONCAT(column, 'text', anotherColumn, 'more text')
10.
11. CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname)
12.
13. CONCAT(author_fname, author_lname); // invalid syntax
14.
15. SELECT CONCAT('Hello', 'World');
16.
17. SELECT CONCAT('Hello', '...', 'World');
18.
19. SELECT
20. CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname)
21. FROM books;
22.
23. SELECT
24. CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname)
25. AS 'full name'
26. FROM books;
27.
28. SELECT author_fname AS first, author_lname AS last,
29. CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname) AS full
30. FROM books;
31.
32. SELECT author_fname AS first, author_lname AS last,
33. CONCAT(author_fname, ', ', author_lname) AS full
34. FROM books;
35.
36. SELECT CONCAT(title, '-', author_fname, '-', author_lname) FROM books;
37.
38. SELECT
39. CONCAT_WS(' - ', title, author_fname, author_lname)
40. FROM books;
 CODE: Introducing SUBSTRING
1. SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', 1, 4);
2.
3. SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', 7);
4.
5. SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', 3, 8);
6.
7. SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', 3);
8.
9. SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', -3);
10.
11. SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', -7);
12.
13. SELECT title FROM books;
14.
15. SELECT SUBSTRING("Where I'm Calling From: Selected Stories", 1, 10);
16.
17. SELECT SUBSTRING(title, 1, 10) FROM books;
18.
19. SELECT SUBSTRING(title, 1, 10) AS 'short title' FROM books;
20.
21. SELECT SUBSTR(title, 1, 10) AS 'short title' FROM books;
22.
23. SELECT CONCAT
24. (
25. SUBSTRING(title, 1, 10),
26. '...'
27. )
28. FROM books;
29.
30. source book_code.sql
31.
32. SELECT CONCAT
33. (
34. SUBSTRING(title, 1, 10),
35. '...'
36. ) AS 'short title'
37. FROM books;
38.
39. source book_code.sql

CODE: Introducing REPLACE

1. SELECT REPLACE('Hello World', 'Hell', '%$#@');
2.
3. SELECT REPLACE('Hello World', 'l', '7');
4.
5. SELECT REPLACE('Hello World', 'o', '0');
6.
7. SELECT REPLACE('HellO World', 'o', '*');
8.
9. SELECT
10. REPLACE('cheese bread coffee milk', ' ', ' and ');
11.
12. SELECT REPLACE(title, 'e ', '3') FROM books;
13.
14. -- SELECT
15. -- CONCAT
16. -- (
17. -- SUBSTRING(title, 1, 10),
18. -- '...'
19. -- ) AS 'short title'
20. -- FROM books;
21.
22. SELECT
23. SUBSTRING(REPLACE(title, 'e', '3'), 1, 10)
24. FROM books;
25.
26. SELECT
27. SUBSTRING(REPLACE(title, 'e', '3'), 1, 10) AS 'weird string'
28. FROM books;

Notes:
- Use cmd + / (mac) or ctrl + / (pc) to comment out SQL in c9.
- The REPLACE() function, as well as the other string functions, only change the query output,
they don't affect the actual data in the database.

CODE: Using REVERSE

1. SELECT REVERSE('Hello World');
2.
3. SELECT REVERSE('meow meow');
4.
5. SELECT REVERSE(author_fname) FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT CONCAT('woof', REVERSE('woof'));
8.
9. SELECT CONCAT(author_fname, REVERSE(author_fname)) FROM books;

CODE: Working with CHAR LENGTH

1. SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('Hello World');
2.
3. SELECT author_lname, CHAR_LENGTH(author_lname) AS 'length' FROM books;
4.
5. SELECT CONCAT(author_lname, ' is ', CHAR_LENGTH(author_lname), ' characters long') FROM books;

Resource: sql-format.com

CODE: Changing Case with UPPER and

LOWER
1. SELECT UPPER('Hello World');
2.
3. SELECT LOWER('Hello World');
4.
5. SELECT UPPER(title) FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT CONCAT('MY FAVORITE BOOK IS ', UPPER(title)) FROM books;
8.
9. SELECT CONCAT('MY FAVORITE BOOK IS ', LOWER(title)) FROM books;

CODE: String Function Challenges Solution

SELECT REVERSE(UPPER('Why does my cat look at me with such hatred?'));

SELECT UPPER(REVERSE('Why does my cat look at me with such hatred?'));

 I-like-cats

SELECT REPLACE(CONCAT('I', ' ', 'like', ' ', 'cats'), ' ', '-');

SELECT REPLACE(title, ' ', '->') AS title FROM books;

1. SELECT
2. author_lname AS forwards,
3. REVERSE(author_lname) AS backwards
4. FROM books;

1. SELECT
2. UPPER
3. (
4. CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname)
5. ) AS 'full name in caps'
6. FROM books;

1. SELECT
2. CONCAT(title, ' was released in ', released_year) AS blurb
3. FROM books;

1. SELECT
2. title,
3. CHAR_LENGTH(title) AS 'character count'
4. FROM books;

1. SELECT
2. CONCAT(SUBSTRING(title, 1, 10), '...') AS 'short title',
3. CONCAT(author_lname, ',', author_fname) AS author,
4. CONCAT(stock_quantity, ' in stock') AS quantity
5. FROM books;

CODE: Seed Data: Adding A Couple New

Books
1. INSERT INTO books
2. (title, author_fname, author_lname, released_year, stock_quantity, pages)
3. VALUES ('10% Happier', 'Dan', 'Harris', 2014, 29, 256),
4. ('fake_book', 'Freida', 'Harris', 2001, 287, 428),
5. ('Lincoln In The Bardo', 'George', 'Saunders', 2017, 1000, 367);
6.
7.
8. SELECT title FROM books;

CODE: Using DISTINCT

1. SELECT author_lname FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT DISTINCT author_lname FROM books;
4.
5. SELECT author_fname, author_lname FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT(author_fname,' ', author_lname) FROM books;
8.
9. SELECT DISTINCT author_fname, author_lname FROM books;

CODE: Sorting Data with ORDER BY

1. SELECT author_lname FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT author_lname FROM books ORDER BY author_lname;
4.
5. SELECT title FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT title FROM books ORDER BY title;
8. SELECT author_lname FROM books ORDER BY author_lname DESC;
9.
10. SELECT released_year FROM books;
11.
12. SELECT released_year FROM books ORDER BY released_year;
13.
14. SELECT released_year FROM books ORDER BY released_year DESC;
15.
16. SELECT released_year FROM books ORDER BY released_year ASC;
17.
18. SELECT title, released_year, pages FROM books ORDER BY released_year;
19.
20. SELECT title, pages FROM books ORDER BY released_year;
21.
22. SELECT title, author_fname, author_lname
23. FROM books ORDER BY 2;
24.
25. SELECT title, author_fname, author_lname
26. FROM books ORDER BY 3;
27.
28. SELECT title, author_fname, author_lname
29. FROM books ORDER BY 1;
30.
31. SELECT title, author_fname, author_lname
32. FROM books ORDER BY 1 DESC;
33.
34. SELECT author_lname, title
35. FROM books ORDER BY 2;
36.
37. SELECT author_fname, author_lname FROM books
38. ORDER BY author_lname, author_fname;

CODE: Using LIMIT

1. SELECT title FROM books LIMIT 3;
2.
3. SELECT title FROM books LIMIT 1;
4.
5. SELECT title FROM books LIMIT 10;
6.
7. SELECT * FROM books LIMIT 1;
8.
9. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
10. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 5;
11.
12. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
13. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 1;
14.
15. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
16. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 14;
17.
18. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
19. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 0,5;
20.
21. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
22. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 0,3;
23.
24. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
25. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 1,3;
26.
27. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
28. ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 10,1;
29.
30. SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 95,18446744073709551615;
31.
32. SELECT title FROM books LIMIT 5;
33.
34. SELECT title FROM books LIMIT 5, 123219476457;
35.
36. SELECT title FROM books LIMIT 5, 50;

CODE: Better Searches with LIKE

1. SELECT title, author_fname FROM books WHERE author_fname LIKE '%da%';
2.
3. SELECT title, author_fname FROM books WHERE author_fname LIKE 'da%';
4.
5. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE 'the';
6.
7. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%the';
8.
9. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%the%';

CODE: LIKE Part 2: More Wildcards

1. SELECT title, stock_quantity FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT title, stock_quantity FROM books WHERE stock_quantity LIKE '____';
4.
5. SELECT title, stock_quantity FROM books WHERE stock_quantity LIKE '__';
6.
7. (235)234-0987 LIKE '(___)___-____'
8.
9. SELECT title FROM books;
10.
11. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%\%%'
12.
13. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%\_%'
 CODE: Refining Selections Exercises Solution
1. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%stories%';
2.
3. SELECT title, pages FROM books ORDER BY pages DESC LIMIT 1;
4.
5. SELECT
6. CONCAT(title, ' - ', released_year) AS summary
7. FROM books ORDER BY released_year DESC LIMIT 3;
8.
9. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books WHERE author_lname LIKE '% %';
10.
11. SELECT title, released_year, stock_quantity
12. FROM books ORDER BY stock_quantity LIMIT 3;
13.
14. SELECT title, author_lname
15. FROM books ORDER BY author_lname, title;
16.
17. SELECT title, author_lname
18. FROM books ORDER BY 2,1;
19.
20. SELECT
21. CONCAT(
22. 'MY FAVORITE AUTHOR IS ',
23. UPPER(author_fname),
24. ' ',
25. UPPER(author_lname),
26. '!'
27. ) AS yell
28. FROM books ORDER BY author_lname;

CODE: The Count Function

1. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT COUNT(author_fname) FROM books;
4.
5. SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT author_fname) FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT author_lname) FROM books;
8.
9. SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT author_lname, author_fname) FROM books;
10.
11. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%the%';
12.
13. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%the%';

CODE: The Joys of Group By

1. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books
4. GROUP BY author_lname;
5.
6. SELECT author_lname, COUNT(*)
7. FROM books GROUP BY author_lname;
8.
9.
10. SELECT title, author_fname, author_lname FROM books;
11.
12. SELECT title, author_fname, author_lname FROM books GROUP BY author_lname;
13.
14. SELECT author_fname, author_lname, COUNT(*) FROM books GROUP BY author_lname;
15.
16. SELECT author_fname, author_lname, COUNT(*) FROM books GROUP BY author_lname, author_fname;
17.
18. SELECT released_year FROM books;
19.
20. SELECT released_year, COUNT(*) FROM books GROUP BY released_year;
21.
22. SELECT CONCAT('In ', released_year, ' ', COUNT(*), ' book(s) released'

CODE: MIN and MAX Basics

1. SELECT MIN(released_year)
2. FROM books;
3.
4. SELECT MIN(released_year) FROM books;
5.
6. SELECT MIN(pages) FROM books;
7.
8. SELECT MAX(pages)
9. FROM books;
10.
11. SELECT MAX(released_year)
12. FROM books;
13.
14. SELECT MAX(pages), title
15. FROM books;

CODE: A Problem with Min and Max

1. SELECT * FROM books
2. WHERE pages = (SELECT Min(pages)
3. FROM books);
4.
5. SELECT title, pages FROM books
6. WHERE pages = (SELECT Max(pages)
7. FROM books);
8.
9. SELECT title, pages FROM books
10. WHERE pages = (SELECT Min(pages)
11. FROM books);
12.
13. SELECT * FROM books
14. ORDER BY pages ASC LIMIT 1;
15.
16. SELECT title, pages FROM books
17. ORDER BY pages ASC LIMIT 1;
18.
19. SELECT * FROM books
20. ORDER BY pages DESC LIMIT 1;

CODE: Using Min and Max with Group By

1. SELECT author_fname,
2. author_lname,
3. Min(released_year)
4. FROM books
5. GROUP BY author_lname,
6. author_fname;
7.
8. SELECT
9. author_fname,
10. author_lname,
11. Max(pages)
12. FROM books
13. GROUP BY author_lname,
14. author_fname;
15.
16. SELECT
17. CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname) AS author,
18. MAX(pages) AS 'longest book'
19. FROM books
20. GROUP BY author_lname,
21. author_fname;

CODE: The Sum Function

1. SELECT SUM(pages)
2. FROM books;
3.
4. SELECT SUM(released_year) FROM books;
5.
6. SELECT author_fname,
7. author_lname,
8. Sum(pages)
9. FROM books
10. GROUP BY
11. author_lname,
12. author_fname;
13.
14. SELECT author_fname,
15. author_lname,
16. Sum(released_year)
17. FROM books
18. GROUP BY
19. author_lname,
20. author_fname;

CODE: The Avg Function

1. SELECT AVG(released_year)
2. FROM books;
3.
4. SELECT AVG(pages)
5. FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT AVG(stock_quantity)
8. FROM books
9. GROUP BY released_year;
10.
11. SELECT released_year, AVG(stock_quantity)
12. FROM books
13. GROUP BY released_year;
14.
15. SELECT author_fname, author_lname, AVG(pages) FROM books
16. GROUP BY author_lname, author_fname;

CODE: Aggregate Functions Challenges

Solution
1. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books GROUP BY released_year;
4.
5. SELECT released_year, COUNT(*) FROM books GROUP BY released_year;
6.
7. SELECT Sum(stock_quantity) FROM BOOKS;
8.
9. SELECT AVG(released_year) FROM books GROUP BY author_lname, author_fname;
10.
11. SELECT author_fname, author_lname, AVG(released_year) FROM books GROUP BY author_lname, author_fname;
12.
13. SELECT CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname) FROM books
14. WHERE pages = (SELECT Max(pages) FROM books);
15.
16. SELECT CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname) FROM books
17. ORDER BY pages DESC LIMIT 1;
18.
19. SELECT pages, CONCAT(author_fname, ' ', author_lname) FROM books
20. ORDER BY pages DESC;
21.
22. SELECT released_year AS year,
23. COUNT(*) AS '# of books',
24. AVG(pages) AS 'avg pages'
25. FROM books
26. GROUP BY released_year;

CODE: DECIMAL
1. CREATE TABLE items(price DECIMAL(5,2));
2.
3. INSERT INTO items(price) VALUES(7);
4.
5. INSERT INTO items(price) VALUES(7987654);
6.
7. INSERT INTO items(price) VALUES(34.88);
8.
9. INSERT INTO items(price) VALUES(298.9999);
10.
11. INSERT INTO items(price) VALUES(1.9999);
12.
13. SELECT * FROM items;

CODE: FLOAT and DOUBLE

1. CREATE TABLE thingies (price FLOAT);
2.
3. INSERT INTO thingies(price) VALUES (88.45);
4.
5. SELECT * FROM thingies;
6.
7. INSERT INTO thingies(price) VALUES (8877.45);
8.
9. SELECT * FROM thingies;
10.
11. INSERT INTO thingies(price) VALUES (8877665544.45);
12.
13. SELECT * FROM thingies;
 CODE: Creating Our DATE data
1. CREATE TABLE people (name VARCHAR(100), birthdate DATE, birthtime TIME, birthdt DATETIME);
2.
3. INSERT INTO people (name, birthdate, birthtime, birthdt)
4. VALUES('Padma', '1983-11-11', '10:07:35', '1983-11-11 10:07:35');
5.
6. INSERT INTO people (name, birthdate, birthtime, birthdt)
7. VALUES('Larry', '1943-12-25', '04:10:42', '1943-12-25 04:10:42');
8.
9. SELECT * FROM people;

CODE: Formatting Dates

1. SELECT name, birthdate FROM people;
2.
3. SELECT name, DAY(birthdate) FROM people;
4.
5. SELECT name, birthdate, DAY(birthdate) FROM people;
6.
7. SELECT name, birthdate, DAYNAME(birthdate) FROM people;
8.
9. SELECT name, birthdate, DAYOFWEEK(birthdate) FROM people;
10.
11. SELECT name, birthdate, DAYOFYEAR(birthdate) FROM people;
12.
13. SELECT name, birthtime, DAYOFYEAR(birthtime) FROM people;
14.
15. SELECT name, birthdt, DAYOFYEAR(birthdt) FROM people;
16.
17. SELECT name, birthdt, MONTH(birthdt) FROM people;
18.
19. SELECT name, birthdt, MONTHNAME(birthdt) FROM people;
20.
21. SELECT name, birthtime, HOUR(birthtime) FROM people;
22.
23. SELECT name, birthtime, MINUTE(birthtime) FROM people;
24.
25. SELECT CONCAT(MONTHNAME(birthdate), ' ', DAY(birthdate), ' ', YEAR(birthdate)) FROM people;
26.
27. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(birthdt, 'Was born on a %W') FROM people;
28.
29. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(birthdt, '%m/%d/%Y') FROM people;
30.
31. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(birthdt, '%m/%d/%Y at %h:%m') FROM people;
 CODE: Date Math
1. SELECT * FROM people;
2.
3. SELECT DATEDIFF(NOW(), birthdate) FROM people;
4.
5. SELECT name, birthdate, DATEDIFF(NOW(), birthdate) FROM people;
6.
7. SELECT birthdt FROM people;
8.
9. SELECT birthdt, DATE_ADD(birthdt, INTERVAL 1 MONTH) FROM people;
10.
11. SELECT birthdt, DATE_ADD(birthdt, INTERVAL 10 SECOND) FROM people;
12.
13. SELECT birthdt, DATE_ADD(birthdt, INTERVAL 3 QUARTER) FROM people;
14.
15. SELECT birthdt, birthdt + INTERVAL 1 MONTH FROM people;
16.
17. SELECT birthdt, birthdt - INTERVAL 5 MONTH FROM people;
18.
19. SELECT birthdt, birthdt + INTERVAL 15 MONTH + INTERVAL 10 HOUR FROM peopl

CODE: Working with TIMESTAMPS

1. CREATE TABLE comments (
2. content VARCHAR(100),
3. created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
4. );
5.
6. INSERT INTO comments (content) VALUES('lol what a funny article');
7.
8. INSERT INTO comments (content) VALUES('I found this offensive');
9.
10. INSERT INTO comments (content) VALUES('Ifasfsadfsadfsad');
11.
12. SELECT * FROM comments ORDER BY created_at DESC;
13.
14. CREATE TABLE comments2 (
15. content VARCHAR(100),
16. changed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW() ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
17. );
18.
19. INSERT INTO comments2 (content) VALUES('dasdasdasd');
20.
21. INSERT INTO comments2 (content) VALUES('lololololo');
22.
23. INSERT INTO comments2 (content) VALUES('I LIKE CATS AND DOGS');
24.
25. UPDATE comments2 SET content='THIS IS NOT GIBBERISH' WHERE content='dasdasdasd';
26.
27. SELECT * FROM comments2;
28.
29. SELECT * FROM comments2 ORDER BY changed_at;
30.
31. CREATE TABLE comments2 (
32. content VARCHAR(100),
33. changed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW() ON UPDATE NOW()
34. );

CODE: Data Types Exercises Solution

1. What's a good use case for CHAR?
2. ------
3. Used for text that we know has a fixed length, e.g., State abbreviations,
4. abbreviated company names, sex M/F, etc.
5.
6. CREATE TABLE inventory (
7. item_name VARCHAR(100),
8. price DECIMAL(8,2),
9. quantity INT
10. );
11.
12. What's the difference between DATETIME and TIMESTAMP?
13. ------
14. They both store datetime information, but there's a difference in the range,
15. TIMESTAMP has a smaller range. TIMESTAMP also takes up less space.
16. TIMESTAMP is used for things like meta-data about when something is created
17. or updated.
18.
19. SELECT CURTIME();
20.
21. SELECT CURDATE()';
22.
23. SELECT DAYOFWEEK(CURDATE());
24. SELECT DAYOFWEEK(NOW());
25. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%w') + 1;
26.
27. SELECT DAYNAME(NOW());
28. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%W');
29.
30. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '%m/%d/%Y'');
31.
32. SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%M %D at %h:%i');
33.
34. CREATE TABLE tweets(
35. content VARCHAR(140),
36. username VARCHAR(20),
37. created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
38. );
39.
40. INSERT INTO tweets (content, username) VALUES('this is my first tweet', 'coltscat');
41. SELECT * FROM tweets;
42.
43. INSERT INTO tweets (content, username) VALUES('this is my second tweet', 'coltscat');
44. SELECT * FROM tweets;

CODE: Not Equal

1. SELECT title FROM books WHERE released_year = 2017;
2.
3. SELECT title FROM books WHERE released_year != 2017;
4.
5. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books;
6.
7. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books WHERE author_lname = 'Harris';
8.
9. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books WHERE author_lname != 'Harris';

CODE: Not Like

1. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE 'W';
2.
3. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE 'W%';
4.
5. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE '%W%';
6.
7. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title LIKE 'W%';
8.
9. SELECT title FROM books WHERE title NOT LIKE 'W%';

CODE: Greater Than

1. SELECT title, released_year FROM books ORDER BY released_year;
2.
3. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
4. WHERE released_year > 2000 ORDER BY released_year;
5.
6. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
7. WHERE released_year >= 2000 ORDER BY released_year;
8.
9. SELECT title, stock_quantity FROM books;
10.
11. SELECT title, stock_quantity FROM books WHERE stock_quantity >= 100;
12.
13. SELECT 99 > 1;
14.
15. SELECT 99 > 567;
16.
17. 100 > 5
18. -- true
19.
20. -15 > 15
21. -- false
22.
23. 9 > -10
24. -- true
25.
26. 1>1
27. -- false
28.
29. 'a' > 'b'
30. -- false
31.
32. 'A' > 'a'
33. -- false
34.
35. 'A' >= 'a'
36. -- true
37.
38. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books WHERE author_lname = 'Eggers';
39.
40. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books WHERE author_lname = 'eggers';
41.
42. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books WHERE author_lname = 'eGGers';

CODE: Less Than

1. SELECT title, released_year FROM books;
2.
3. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
4. WHERE released_year < 2000;
5.
6. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
7. WHERE released_year <= 2000;
8.
9. SELECT 3 < -10;
10. -- false
11.
12. SELECT -10 < -9;
13. -- true
14.
15. SELECT 42 <= 42;
16. -- true
17.
18. SELECT 'h' < 'p';
19. -- true
20.
21. SELECT 'Q' <= 'q';
22. -- true

CODE: Logical AND

1. SELECT title, author_lname, released_year FROM books
2. WHERE author_lname='Eggers';
3.
4. SELECT title, author_lname, released_year FROM books
5. WHERE released_year > 2010;
6.
7. SELECT
8. title,
9. author_lname,
10. released_year FROM books
11. WHERE author_lname='Eggers'
12. AND released_year > 2010;
13.
14. SELECT 1 < 5 && 7 = 9;
15. -- false
16.
17. SELECT -10 > -20 && 0 <= 0;
18. -- true
19.
20. SELECT -40 <= 0 AND 10 > 40;
21. --false
22.
23. SELECT 54 <= 54 && 'a' = 'A';
24. -- true
25.
26. SELECT *
27. FROM books
28. WHERE author_lname='Eggers'
29. AND released_year > 2010
30. AND title LIKE '%novel%';

Please note, as of MySQL 8.0.17, the && operator is deprecated and support for it will be
removed in a future MySQL version. Applications should be adjusted to use the standard
SQL AND operator.
If you're using MySQL 5.7 or older, which most of you are if you're using GoormIDE, then
you don't have to worry about this right now. But, in newer versions of MySQL (8.0.17 and
newer) you will need to replace && with AND .
- source

CODE: Logical OR
1. SELECT
2. title,
3. author_lname,
4. released_year
5. FROM books
6. WHERE author_lname='Eggers' || released_year > 2010;
7.
8.
9. SELECT 40 <= 100 || -2 > 0;
10. -- true
11.
12. SELECT 10 > 5 || 5 = 5;
13. -- true
14.
15. SELECT 'a' = 5 || 3000 > 2000;
16. -- true
17.
18. SELECT title,
19. author_lname,
20. released_year,
21. stock_quantity
22. FROM books
23. WHERE author_lname = 'Eggers'
24. || released_year > 2010
25. OR stock_quantity > 100;

Please note, as of MySQL 8.0.17, the || operator is deprecated and support for it will be
removed in a future MySQL version. Applications should be adjusted to use the standard
SQL OR operator.
 If you're using MySQL 5.7 or older, which most of you are if you're using GoormIDE, then
you don't have to worry about this right now. But, in newer versions of MySQL (8.0.17 and
newer) you will need to replace || with OR .
- source

CODE: Between
1. SELECT title, released_year FROM books WHERE released_year >= 2004 && released_year <= 2015;
2.
3. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
4. WHERE released_year BETWEEN 2004 AND 2015;
5.
6. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
7. WHERE released_year NOT BETWEEN 2004 AND 2015;
8.
9. SELECT CAST('2017-05-02' AS DATETIME);
10.
11. show databases;
12.
13. use new_testing_db;
14.
15. SELECT name, birthdt FROM people WHERE birthdt BETWEEN '1980-01-01' AND '2000-01-01';
16.
17. SELECT
18. name,
19. birthdt
20. FROM people
21. WHERE
22. birthdt BETWEEN CAST('1980-01-01' AS DATETIME)
23. AND CAST('2000-01-01' AS DATETIME);

CODE: In And Not In

1. show databases();
2. use book_shop;
3.
4. SELECT
5. title,
6. author_lname
7. FROM books
8. WHERE author_lname='Carver' OR
9. author_lname='Lahiri' OR
10. author_lname='Smith';
11.
12. SELECT title, author_lname FROM books
13. WHERE author_lname IN ('Carver', 'Lahiri', 'Smith');
14.
15. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
16. WHERE released_year IN (2017, 1985);
17.
18. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
19. WHERE released_year != 2000 AND
20. released_year != 2002 AND
21. released_year != 2004 AND
22. released_year != 2006 AND
23. released_year != 2008 AND
24. released_year != 2010 AND
25. released_year != 2012 AND
26. released_year != 2014 AND
27. released_year != 2016;
28.
29. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
30. WHERE released_year NOT IN
31. (2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016);
32.
33. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
34. WHERE released_year >= 2000
35. AND released_year NOT IN
36. (2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016);
37.
38. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
39. WHERE released_year >= 2000 AND
40. released_year % 2 != 0;
41.
42. SELECT title, released_year FROM books
43. WHERE released_year >= 2000 AND
44. released_year % 2 != 0 ORDER BY released_year;

CODE: Case Statements

1. SELECT title, released_year,
2. CASE
3. WHEN released_year >= 2000 THEN 'Modern Lit'
4. ELSE '20th Century Lit'
5. END AS GENRE
6. FROM books;
7.
8. SELECT title, stock_quantity,
9. CASE
10. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 0 AND 50 THEN '*'
11. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 51 AND 100 THEN '**'
12. ELSE '***'
13. END AS STOCK
14. FROM books;
15.
16. SELECT title,
17. CASE
18. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 0 AND 50 THEN '*'
19. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 51 AND 100 THEN '**'
20. ELSE '***'
21. END AS STOCK
22. FROM books;
23.
24. SELECT title, stock_quantity,
25. CASE
26. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 0 AND 50 THEN '*'
27. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 51 AND 100 THEN '**'
28. WHEN stock_quantity BETWEEN 101 AND 150 THEN '***'
29. ELSE '****'
30. END AS STOCK
31. FROM books;
32.
33. SELECT title, stock_quantity,
34. CASE
35. WHEN stock_quantity <= 50 THEN '*'
36. WHEN stock_quantity <= 100 THEN '**'
37. ELSE '***'
38. END AS STOCK
39. FROM books;

CODE: Working With Foreign Keys

-- Creating the customers and orders tables

1. CREATE TABLE customers(

2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. first_name VARCHAR(100),
4. last_name VARCHAR(100),
5. email VARCHAR(100)
6. );
7. CREATE TABLE orders(
8. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
9. order_date DATE,
10. amount DECIMAL(8,2),
11. customer_id INT,
12. FOREIGN KEY(customer_id) REFERENCES customers(id)
13. );

-- Inserting some customers and orders

1. INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name, email)

2. VALUES ('Boy', 'George', 'george@gmail.com'),
3. ('George', 'Michael', 'gm@gmail.com'),
4. ('David', 'Bowie', 'david@gmail.com'),
5. ('Blue', 'Steele', 'blue@gmail.com'),
6. ('Bette', 'Davis', 'bette@aol.com');
7.
8. INSERT INTO orders (order_date, amount, customer_id)
9. VALUES ('2016/02/10', 99.99, 1),
10. ('2017/11/11', 35.50, 1),
11. ('2014/12/12', 800.67, 2),
12. ('2015/01/03', 12.50, 2),
13. ('1999/04/11', 450.25, 5);

-- This INSERT fails because of our fk constraint. No user with id: 98

1. INSERT INTO orders (order_date, amount, customer_id)

2. VALUES ('2016/06/06', 33.67, 98);

 CODE: Cross Joins
-- Finding Orders Placed By George: 2 Step Process

1. SELECT id FROM customers WHERE last_name='George';

2. SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 1;

-- Finding Orders Placed By George: Using a subquery

1. SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id =

2. (
3. SELECT id FROM customers
4. WHERE last_name='George'
5. );

-- Cross Join Craziness

SELECT * FROM customers, orders;

CODE: Inner Joins

-- IMPLICIT INNER JOIN
1. SELECT * FROM customers, orders
2. WHERE customers.id = orders.customer_id;

-- IMPLICIT INNER JOIN

1. SELECT first_name, last_name, order_date, amount
2. FROM customers, orders
3. WHERE customers.id = orders.customer_id;

-- EXPLICIT INNER JOINS

1. SELECT * FROM customers
2. JOIN orders
3. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
4.
5. SELECT first_name, last_name, order_date, amount
6. FROM customers
7. JOIN orders
8. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
9.
10. SELECT *
11. FROM orders
12. JOIN customers
13. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

-- ARBITRARY JOIN - meaningless, but still possible

1. SELECT * FROM customers
2. JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.id;
 CODE: Left Joins
-- Getting Fancier (Inner Joins Still)

1. SELECT first_name, last_name, order_date, amount

2. FROM customers
3. JOIN orders
4. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id
5. ORDER BY order_date;

1. SELECT
2. first_name,
3. last_name,
4. SUM(amount) AS total_spent
5. FROM customers
6. JOIN orders
7. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id
8. GROUP BY orders.customer_id
9. ORDER BY total_spent DESC;

-- LEFT JOINS

1. SELECT * FROM customers

2. LEFT JOIN orders
3. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

1. SELECT first_name, last_name, order_date, amount

2. FROM customers
3. LEFT JOIN orders
4. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

1. SELECT
2. first_name,
3. last_name,
4. IFNULL(SUM(amount), 0) AS total_spent
5. FROM customers
6. LEFT JOIN orders
7. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id
8. GROUP BY customers.id
9. ORDER BY total_spent;

CODE: Right Joins Part 1

-- OUR FIRST RIGHT JOIN (seems the same as a left join?)

SELECT * FROM customers

RIGHT JOIN orders
ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

-- ALTERING OUR SCHEMA to allow for a better example (optional)

1. CREATE TABLE customers(
2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. first_name VARCHAR(100),
4. last_name VARCHAR(100),
5. email VARCHAR(100)
6. );
7. CREATE TABLE orders(
8. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
9. order_date DATE,
10. amount DECIMAL(8,2),
11. customer_id INT
12. );

-- INSERTING NEW DATA (no longer bound by foreign key constraint)

1. INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name, email)

2. VALUES ('Boy', 'George', 'george@gmail.com'),
3. ('George', 'Michael', 'gm@gmail.com'),
4. ('David', 'Bowie', 'david@gmail.com'),
5. ('Blue', 'Steele', 'blue@gmail.com'),
6. ('Bette', 'Davis', 'bette@aol.com');
7.
8. INSERT INTO orders (order_date, amount, customer_id)
9. VALUES ('2016/02/10', 99.99, 1),
10. ('2017/11/11', 35.50, 1),
11. ('2014/12/12', 800.67, 2),
12. ('2015/01/03', 12.50, 2),
13. ('1999/04/11', 450.25, 5);
14.
15. INSERT INTO orders (order_date, amount, customer_id) VALUES
16. ('2017/11/05', 23.45, 45),
17. (CURDATE(), 777.77, 109);

CODE: Right Joins Part 2

--A MORE COMPLEX RIGHT JOIN

1. SELECT
2. IFNULL(first_name,'MISSING') AS first,
3. IFNULL(last_name,'USER') as last,
4. order_date,
5. amount,
6. SUM(amount)
7. FROM customers
8. RIGHT JOIN orders
9. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id
10. GROUP BY first_name, last_name;

-- WORKING WITH ON DELETE CASCADE

1. CREATE TABLE customers(

2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. first_name VARCHAR(100),
4. last_name VARCHAR(100),
5. email VARCHAR(100)
6. );
7.
8. CREATE TABLE orders(
9. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
10. order_date DATE,
11. amount DECIMAL(8,2),
12. customer_id INT,
13. FOREIGN KEY(customer_id)
14. REFERENCES customers(id)
15. ON DELETE CASCADE
16. );
17.
18.
19. INSERT INTO customers (first_name, last_name, email)
20. VALUES ('Boy', 'George', 'george@gmail.com'),
21. ('George', 'Michael', 'gm@gmail.com'),
22. ('David', 'Bowie', 'david@gmail.com'),
23. ('Blue', 'Steele', 'blue@gmail.com'),
24. ('Bette', 'Davis', 'bette@aol.com');
25.
26. INSERT INTO orders (order_date, amount, customer_id)
27. VALUES ('2016/02/10', 99.99, 1),
28. ('2017/11/11', 35.50, 1),
29. ('2014/12/12', 800.67, 2),
30. ('2015/01/03', 12.50, 2),
31. ('1999/04/11', 450.25, 5);
32.

CODE: Right and Left Joins FAQ

1. SELECT * FROM customers
2. LEFT JOIN orders
3. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

1. SELECT * FROM orders

2. RIGHT JOIN customers
3. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
1. SELECT * FROM orders
2. LEFT JOIN customers
3. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

1. SELECT * FROM customers

2. RIGHT JOIN orders
3. ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;

CODE: Our First Joins Exercise

-- The Schema

1. CREATE TABLE students (

2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. first_name VARCHAR(100)
4. );
5.
6.
7. CREATE TABLE papers (
8. title VARCHAR(100),
9. grade INT,
10. student_id INT,
11. FOREIGN KEY (student_id)
12. REFERENCES students(id)
13. ON DELETE CASCADE
14. );

-- The Starter Data

1. INSERT INTO students (first_name) VALUES

2. ('Caleb'),
3. ('Samantha'),
4. ('Raj'),
5. ('Carlos'),
6. ('Lisa');
7.
8. INSERT INTO papers (student_id, title, grade ) VALUES
9. (1, 'My First Book Report', 60),
10. (1, 'My Second Book Report', 75),
11. (2, 'Russian Lit Through The Ages', 94),
12. (2, 'De Montaigne and The Art of The Essay', 98),
13. (4, 'Borges and Magical Realism', 89);

CODE: Our First Joins Exercise SOLUTION

PT. 2
-- EXERCISE 1
1. SELECT first_name, title, grade
2. FROM students
3. INNER JOIN papers
4. ON students.id = papers.student_id
5. ORDER BY grade DESC;

-- ALT SOLUTION

1. SELECT first_name, title, grade

2. FROM students
3. RIGHT JOIN papers
4. ON students.id = papers.student_id
5. ORDER BY grade DESC;

-- PROBLEM 2

1. SELECT first_name, title, grade

2. FROM students
3. LEFT JOIN papers
4. ON students.id = papers.student_id;

-- PROBLEM 3

1. SELECT
2. first_name,
3. IFNULL(title, 'MISSING'),
4. IFNULL(grade, 0)
5. FROM students
6. LEFT JOIN papers
7. ON students.id = papers.student_id;

-- PROBLEM 4

1. SELECT
2. first_name,
3. IFNULL(AVG(grade), 0) AS average
4. FROM students
5. LEFT JOIN papers
6. ON students.id = papers.student_id
7. GROUP BY students.id
8. ORDER BY average DESC;

-- PROBLEM 5

1. SELECT first_name,
2. Ifnull(Avg(grade), 0) AS average,
3. CASE
4. WHEN Avg(grade) IS NULL THEN 'FAILING'
5. WHEN Avg(grade) >= 75 THEN 'PASSING'
6. ELSE 'FAILING'
7. end AS passing_status
8. FROM students
9. LEFT JOIN papers
10. ON students.id = papers.student_id
11. GROUP BY students.id
12. ORDER BY average DESC;
 CODE: Creating Our Tables
-- CREATING THE REVIEWERS TABLE

1. CREATE TABLE reviewers (

2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. first_name VARCHAR(100),
4. last_name VARCHAR(100)
5. );

-- CREATING THE SERIES TABLE

1. CREATE TABLE series(

2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. title VARCHAR(100),
4. released_year YEAR(4),
5. genre VARCHAR(100)
6. );

-- CREATING THE REVIEWS TABLE

1. CREATE TABLE reviews (

2. id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
3. rating DECIMAL(2,1),
4. series_id INT,
5. reviewer_id INT,
6. FOREIGN KEY(series_id) REFERENCES series(id),
7. FOREIGN KEY(reviewer_id) REFERENCES reviewers(id)
8. );

-- INSERTING A BUNCH OF DATA

1. INSERT INTO series (title, released_year, genre) VALUES

2. ('Archer', 2009, 'Animation'),
3. ('Arrested Development', 2003, 'Comedy'),
4. ("Bob's Burgers", 2011, 'Animation'),
5. ('Bojack Horseman', 2014, 'Animation'),
6. ("Breaking Bad", 2008, 'Drama'),
7. ('Curb Your Enthusiasm', 2000, 'Comedy'),
8. ("Fargo", 2014, 'Drama'),
9. ('Freaks and Geeks', 1999, 'Comedy'),
10. ('General Hospital', 1963, 'Drama'),
11. ('Halt and Catch Fire', 2014, 'Drama'),
12. ('Malcolm In The Middle', 2000, 'Comedy'),
13. ('Pushing Daisies', 2007, 'Comedy'),
14. ('Seinfeld', 1989, 'Comedy'),
15. ('Stranger Things', 2016, 'Drama');
16.
17.
18. INSERT INTO reviewers (first_name, last_name) VALUES
19. ('Thomas', 'Stoneman'),
20. ('Wyatt', 'Skaggs'),
21. ('Kimbra', 'Masters'),
22. ('Domingo', 'Cortes'),
23. ('Colt', 'Steele'),
24. ('Pinkie', 'Petit'),
25. ('Marlon', 'Crafford');
26.
27.
28. INSERT INTO reviews(series_id, reviewer_id, rating) VALUES
29. (1,1,8.0),(1,2,7.5),(1,3,8.5),(1,4,7.7),(1,5,8.9),
30. (2,1,8.1),(2,4,6.0),(2,3,8.0),(2,6,8.4),(2,5,9.9),
31. (3,1,7.0),(3,6,7.5),(3,4,8.0),(3,3,7.1),(3,5,8.0),
32. (4,1,7.5),(4,3,7.8),(4,4,8.3),(4,2,7.6),(4,5,8.5),
33. (5,1,9.5),(5,3,9.0),(5,4,9.1),(5,2,9.3),(5,5,9.9),
34. (6,2,6.5),(6,3,7.8),(6,4,8.8),(6,2,8.4),(6,5,9.1),
35. (7,2,9.1),(7,5,9.7),
36. (8,4,8.5),(8,2,7.8),(8,6,8.8),(8,5,9.3),
37. (9,2,5.5),(9,3,6.8),(9,4,5.8),(9,6,4.3),(9,5,4.5),
38. (10,5,9.9),
39. (13,3,8.0),(13,4,7.2),
40. (14,2,8.5),(14,3,8.9),(14,4,8.9);

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 1 Solution

-- TV Joins Challenge 1 SOLUTION

1. SELECT
2. title,
3. rating
4. FROM series
5. JOIN reviews
6. ON series.id = reviews.series_id;

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 2 SOLUTION

-- Challenge 2 AVG rating

1. SELECT
2. title,
3. AVG(rating) as avg_rating
4. FROM series
5. JOIN reviews
6. ON series.id = reviews.series_id
7. GROUP BY series.id
8. ORDER BY avg_rating;

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 3 SOLUTION

-- CHALLENGE 3 - Two Solutions

1. SELECT
2. first_name,
3. last_name,
4. rating
5. FROM reviewers
6. INNER JOIN reviews
7. ON reviewers.id = reviews.reviewer_id;

1. SELECT
2. first_name,
3. last_name,
4. rating
5. FROM reviews
6. INNER JOIN reviewers
7. ON reviewers.id = reviews.reviewer_id;

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 4 SOLUTION

-- CHALLENGE 4 - UNREVIEWED SERIES

1. SELECT title AS unreviewed_series

2. FROM series
3. LEFT JOIN reviews
4. ON series.id = reviews.series_id
5. WHERE rating IS NULL;

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 5 SOLUTION

-- Challenge 5 - GENRE AVG RATINGS
1. SELECT genre,
2. Round(Avg(rating), 2) AS avg_rating
3. FROM series
4. INNER JOIN reviews
5. ON series.id = reviews.series_id
6. GROUP BY genre;

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 6 SOLUTION

-- CHALLENGE 6 - Reviewer Stats
1. SELECT first_name,
2. last_name,
3. Count(rating) AS COUNT,
4. Ifnull(Min(rating), 0) AS MIN,
5. Ifnull(Max(rating), 0) AS MAX,
6. Round(Ifnull(Avg(rating), 0), 2) AS AVG,
7. IF(Count(rating) > 0, 'ACTIVE', 'INACTIVE') AS STATUS
8. FROM reviewers
9. LEFT JOIN reviews
10. ON reviewers.id = reviews.reviewer_id
11. GROUP BY reviewers.id;
 -- CHALLENGE 6 - Reviewer Stats With POWER USERS
1. SELECT first_name,
2. last_name,
3. Count(rating) AS COUNT,
4. Ifnull(Min(rating), 0) AS MIN,
5. Ifnull(Max(rating), 0) AS MAX,
6. Round(Ifnull(Avg(rating), 0), 2) AS AVG,
7. CASE
8. WHEN Count(rating) >= 10 THEN 'POWER USER'
9. WHEN Count(rating) > 0 THEN 'ACTIVE'
10. ELSE 'INACTIVE'
11. end AS STATUS
12. FROM reviewers
13. LEFT JOIN reviews
14. ON reviewers.id = reviews.reviewer_id
15. GROUP BY reviewers.id;

CODE: TV Joins Challenge 7 SOLUTION

-- CHALLENGE 7 - 3 TABLES!

1. SELECT
2. title,
3. rating,
4. CONCAT(first_name,' ', last_name) AS reviewer
5. FROM reviewers
6. INNER JOIN reviews
7. ON reviewers.id = reviews.reviewer_id
8. INNER JOIN series
9. ON series.id = reviews.series_id
10. ORDER BY title;