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Vector Calculus

Vector calculus is the study of differential operators that act on scalar and vector fields. The three basic vector operators are the gradient, divergence, and curl. The gradient measures the rate of change of a scalar field, the divergence measures the source or sink at a point in a vector field, and the curl measures the tendency to rotate in a vector field. Vector calculus also makes use of the Laplace and vector Laplace operators, which measure the difference between the value of a field and its average over infinitesimal balls. Integral theorems are also important in vector calculus for studying functions between multivariable domains and ranges, such as during a change of variables in integration.

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82 views1 page

Vector Calculus

Vector calculus is the study of differential operators that act on scalar and vector fields. The three basic vector operators are the gradient, divergence, and curl. The gradient measures the rate of change of a scalar field, the divergence measures the source or sink at a point in a vector field, and the curl measures the tendency to rotate in a vector field. Vector calculus also makes use of the Laplace and vector Laplace operators, which measure the difference between the value of a field and its average over infinitesimal balls. Integral theorems are also important in vector calculus for studying functions between multivariable domains and ranges, such as during a change of variables in integration.

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Gokul Krish
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Vector calculus - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Vector_calculus

Vector calculus triple products

Operation Notation Description

Scalar triple product The dot product of the cross product of two vectors.

Vector triple product The cross product of the cross product of two vectors.

Operators and theorems

Differential operators

Vector calculus studies various differential operators defined on scalar or vector fields, which are
typically expressed in terms of the del operator ( ), also known as "nabla". The three basic vector
operators are:[3][4]

Differential operators in vector calculus

Notational
Operation Notation Description Domain/Range
analogy

Measures the rate and direction of Scalar Maps scalar fields to


Gradient
change in a scalar field. multiplication vector fields.

Measures the scalar of a source


Maps vector fields to
Divergence or sink at a given point in a vector Dot product
scalar fields.
field.

Measures the tendency to rotate


about a point in a vector field in Maps vector fields to
Curl Cross product
(pseudo)vector fields.
.

f denotes a scalar field and F denotes a vector field

Also commonly used are the two Laplace operators:

Laplace operators in vector calculus

Operation Notation Description Domain/Range

Measures the difference between the


Maps between
Laplacian value of the scalar field with its average
scalar fields.
on infinitesimal balls.

Measures the difference between the


Vector Maps between
value of the vector field with its average
Laplacian vector fields.
on infinitesimal balls.

f denotes a scalar field and F denotes a vector field

A quantity called the Jacobian matrix is useful for studying functions when both the domain and
range of the function are multivariable, such as a change of variables during integration.

Integral theorems

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