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Impact of Waste Engine Oil in Concrete Composition

This document discusses a study on the impact of adding waste engine oil as an admixture to concrete compositions. Five mixtures were tested with waste engine oil added at 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by weight of cement. The main findings were: 1) Workability of the fresh concrete was enhanced with the addition of waste engine oil, with the slump increasing up to 38%. 2) Both the compressive and tensile strengths of the hardened concrete decreased with higher percentages of waste engine oil. Strength losses of up to 30% were observed. 3) While waste engine oil can improve workability, it negatively impacts the strength properties of concrete

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
107 views8 pages

Impact of Waste Engine Oil in Concrete Composition

This document discusses a study on the impact of adding waste engine oil as an admixture to concrete compositions. Five mixtures were tested with waste engine oil added at 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by weight of cement. The main findings were: 1) Workability of the fresh concrete was enhanced with the addition of waste engine oil, with the slump increasing up to 38%. 2) Both the compressive and tensile strengths of the hardened concrete decreased with higher percentages of waste engine oil. Strength losses of up to 30% were observed. 3) While waste engine oil can improve workability, it negatively impacts the strength properties of concrete

Uploaded by

Yonas D. Ebren
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© © All Rights Reserved
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IMPACT OF WASTE ENGINE OIL IN CONCRETE

COMPOSITION
Dr V. Giridhar
Associate Professor, K.S.R.M. College of Engineering, Kadapa, A.P, India

ABSTRACT properties of conventional concrete, so as to


Present paper emphasizes on the strength make it more suitable for any situation. Perhaps
characteristics of concrete using waste engine one of the important advancement made in
oil as admixture. Experimentation has been
concrete technology was the discovery of air
carried out for evaluating the strength
properties of concrete using waste engine oil entrained concrete. Since 1930, it has been an
as admixture into the concrete composition. ever increasing the use of air entrained concrete
Based on the literature, the main function for all over the world. Admixtures confer several
usage of waste engine oil is to extend the initial beneficial effects on concrete including
setting time and workability of concrete. reduction of water requirements, increased
Usually these type of admixtures used in the workability, controlled setting, accelerated
exceptional cases like off shore structures,
hardening, improved strength, better durability,
there it requires more time for placing of
concrete because of deep foundation aspects. desired coloration and volume changes 75 to
Five different percentages of admixtures 110%, compared to the corresponding
(waste engine oil) are chosen in the conventional concrete without admixture. The
experimentation at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0% by effect of UEO (Used Engine Oil) increased the
weight of cement. Finally it was concluded slump between 18 to 38% in fresh state and it
that workability was enhanced. Compressive seems to be nearly close to the results of
strength and tensile strength of concrete was
hardened state without admixture. Consequently,
decreased with increase of waste engine oil
into the composition. In order to improve the utilization of UEO has a beneficial role on
workability of concrete composition, waste enhancing the consistency of concrete [1].The
engine oil is a good admixture in composition. used engine oil acted as a chemical plasticizer by
KEYWORDS: Admixtures, Compressive improving the fluidity and the slump of the
strength, waste engine oil and Workability. concrete mix. The used engine oil decreases the
initial setting time and increases the consistency
I. INTRODUCTION:
Concrete is a composite construction material of concrete composition [2].Concrete with used
and composed primarily with aggregates, cement engine oil had highest workability
and water. There are many formulations that followed by concrete with new engine oil.
have varied properties and proportions. In Concrete added with new engine oil also had
current days, concrete is being used for wide higher workability than control specimens.
variety of purposes to make it suitable in These results were achieved based on the slump
different conditions. In these conditions ordinary test [3]. The aggressiveness of oil was very clear
concrete may fail to exhibit the required for low and high strength concrete specimens
performance of quality and durability. In such and the reduction of compressive strengths was
cases, admixtures are used to modify the 17 and 11.8% [4]. Used engine oil resulted in
average loss 10% in the values of flexural
 
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strength but the corresponding loss was 30% due  Workability of fresh concrete with
to chemical air0entrained admixture [5]. waste engine oil as admixture.
Compressive strength of each mix measured at  Behavior of concrete under
compression, tension with same
the age 3, 7 and 28 days, the result was maximum
admixture.
compressive strength in this experimental
program achieved as 76 MPa at the age of 28 III. MATERIALS
days. In reference to the strength development 3.1 Cement:
with respect to age of concrete can be analyzed, 53 Grade ordinary Portland cement
a maximum increment in compressive strength (BHARATI Cement) conforming to IS: 12269
from 3 to 7days was observed as 73% while the was used and it’s Specific gravity of the cement
was 3.12, the initial and final setting times were
maximum increment from 7 to 28 days was
found as 60 minutes and 270 minutes
obtained as 42% [6]. It was reported in literature respectively.
that the leakage of oil onto the concrete surfaces 3.2 Fine Aggregate:
in old grinding units resulted; concrete was offer Locally available river (Pennar basin in
greater resistance to freezing and thawing. This Kadapa region) sand passing through 4.75 mm
implies that addition of engine oil to the fresh IS Sieve was used in concrete composition. The
concrete mix could be similar to the addition an specific gravity of the sand was found as 2.60
and confirming to zone II of table 4 of IS 383-
air entraining chemical admixture, thus enhances
1970.
the potential durability of concrete while serving 3.3 Coarse - Aggregate:
as another technique of disposing the oil waste Crushed granite aggregate available
[7]. Compressive strength of concrete was from local sources has been used. Graded
reduced by the addition of 2% kerosene into the aggregates were used in composition for better
composition in all exposure conditions [8]. The mixing and its specific gravity was 2.65.
3.4 Admixtures:
mode of failure, ultimate load and load vs
Waste engine oil was used as admixture
deflection were not showed any significant in the concrete production. Used liquid form of
variation by addition of waste engine oil into the waste engine oil is available in market and it was
concrete composition. Used engine oil resulted used as admixture. Waste engine oil was added
the average loss of strength was 21,17 and 6% into concrete composition with five different
for flexure, split tensile strength and modulus of dosages at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0% by weight of
elasticity but not significant variation was cement. Fig: 1 shows the sample waste engine
oil. It may be used as demoulding agent in
observed in compressive strength[9]. Effect of
concrete shutters and centering.
Engine Oil on compressive strength and split
Tensile Strength is Negative as compared with
control or reference concrete specimens [10]. 18
to 90% of strength was reduced with addition of
crude oil 2.5% to 25% into the concrete
composition [11]. The compressive strength
decreased by 75% and 77% for water wet and oil
wet respectively compared to the control at 28
days of age[12].Concrete with used engine oil
and new engine oil have lower compressive
strength than the control specimens [13].

II. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM


Experimentation was carried out to investigate
Fig: 1 Sample of waste engine oil
the following

 
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V. CASTING PROCEDURE:
5.1 Workability
In present work, the main object is to resolve the
behavior of concrete in compression and tension
by adding waste engine oil as admixtures into the
concrete. Waste engine oil was added separately
by weight of cement at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0%
into the concrete. For which cubes were cast to
estimate the compressive strength and split
tensile strength of concrete. Workability of
concrete was studied by performing the slump
cone test and compaction factor test. For every
dosage of admixture, slump cone and
fig: 2 Mixing of waste engine oil in concrete compaction factor tests were performed and
recorded the workability of fresh concrete. For
IV. MIX PROPORTION each dosage of admixture, six numbers of cube
M20 grade nominal proportions chosen for the specimens and six number of cylinder specimens
concrete mix of as per IS 10262-1982 and it was were casted and tested for evaluating the strength
0.50: 1: 1.50:3.0 (W: C: FA: CA) by weight, for characteristics. The workability of concrete was
better workability, graded aggregates were used performed according to IS: 6461 (Part-VII) –
as 60 % of 20 mm and 40 % of 12mm and fine 1973. Fig-3 and fig-4 are representing the
aggregate of zone II was used in the concrete performance of workability.
preparation.Fig-2 shows the addition of waste
engine oil into the mixing.

Fig: 3 Slump cone and collapse of concrete after lifting.

Fig: 4 Compaction factor apparatus and weighing of partially weighed concrete


 
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5.2 Compressive strength: was 150 x 300 mm. It was studied with cylinder
Six specimens of each percentage (0%, under diametrical position.
0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) were cast according to the VI. TEST PROCEDURE
nominal mix proportion and the size of the 6.2 Compressive strength:
specimen was 150 x 150 x 150 mm. After Take the weight of the each sample and
completion of curing period, specimens were place the specimen opposite direction of casting
removed from pond, kept for drying and tested in in 2000 kN CTM and check whether the surface
CTM with 2000 kN Capacity. of specimen contact to the upper arm of the CTM
5.3 Split tensile strength: Six cylindrical or not. Apply load uniformly and record the
specimens of each percentage were casted ultimate load. Testing of specimen has been
according to the mix and the size of the specimen shown in Fig 5.

Fig 5: Testing of waste engine oil concrete Cube specimen

6.3 Split tensile strength: position because it is difficult to apply uniaxial


Remove the cylindrical specimens from tension to a cylindrical specimen. Apply load
the water pond and allow drying for about 2 hrs. uniformly and record the splitting load.
Place the cylindrical specimen in diametrical Following fig 6 shows the testing of specimen
.

Fig6: Testing of waste engine oil cylindrical specimens in CTM

VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: All test results were compared with
7.1 Workability of concrete with waste conventional concrete, based on the test results
engine oil as admixture: and observing the graphs, workability of
concrete with admixture improved as the
 
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percentage of admixture improves. Adding these compaction factor has shown in fig 7 and 8. The
waste engine oil agents extending the setting reason for improving of workability is
time and better workability observed during the lubrication character of the waste engine oil. In
casting. Apart from that better homogeneity in the study of workability for both cubes and
the concrete, less segregation and bleeding was cylinders were shown similar trends.
observed. The concrete mixed with admixture Workability of concrete with waste engine oil
shows relatively higher values of slump than that was improved due to increase of fluidity by the
of conventional concrete. Similar trend has been WEO as super plasticizer. Another reason for
observed even in the compaction factor also. increasing the fluidity is increase of air content
Graphical representation of slump and in the concrete composition.

Table1: Workability of concrete with waste engine oil as admixture in preparation of cubes.

S.no Admixture % of Slump value Compaction


Admixture in cm Factor

1. WEO 0 13 0.92

2. WEO 0.1 16 0.93

3. WEO 0.3 18 0.95

4. WEO 0.5 20 0.96

5. WEO 1.0 21 0.98

Table2: Workability of concrete with waste engine oil as admixture in preparation of


cylinders.
S.n Admixture % of Slump value Compaction
o Admixture in cm Factor

1. WEO 0 15 0.88

2. WEO 0.1 16 0.90

3. WEO 0.3 17 0.91

4. WEO 0.5 19 0.95

5. WEO 1.0 20 0.97

Behavoir of Slump with WEO


25
Slump Value

22 Slump
19 Value for
Cubes
16
Slump
13 Value for
10 cylinders
0 0.5 1 1.5
Percentage of WEO

Fig 7: Percentage of admixture used vs. slump value


 
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Behavior of Compaction Factor with


1 WEO

Compacvtion Factor
0.98
Compaction
0.96
factor of
0.94 cubes
0.92 Compaction
0.9 Factor of F
0.88 Cylinders
0.86
0 0.5 1 1.5
Percentage of WEO

Fig 8: Percentage of admixture used vs. compaction factor

7.2 Compressive strength of concrete with of concrete with addition of waste engine oil.
waste engine oil as admixtures: Gaining of strength is prevented by the waste
Compressive strength of waste engine oil engine oil in concrete composition because of its
concrete was decreased as the percentage of fluidity. The waste engine oil is reduced the
replacement of admixture improved. Test results porosity, hence there was not adversely affected
shown in the table no3.Reason for decrease of the compressive strength values. The density of
compressive strength was absorption of waste concrete was reduced as the percentage of waste
engine oil into the microstructure of the matrix engine oil increased due to the porosity. The
of concrete may have caused dilation of the gel strength values are reduced due to lower bonding
and weakening of the cohesive forces in the paste between the aggregates and C-S-H gel. In 7 days
and hence low strength developed within the strength 17% of decreased was observed where
concrete is observed. Apart from this waste for 28 days it was 13% decreased. Higher
engine oil in concrete acts like an air entrained percentage of decrease in 7 days strength was
admixture, hence in concrete entrapped air is due to unhydrated particles in the concrete
takes place. Similar type of trends was observed composition. Density of concrete was decreased
even in the previous research work. Following as the increase of WEO, nearly 7% density was
figures 9 and 10 are representing the decreased due to porosity of concrete with WEO.
compressive and split tensile strength behavior
Table 3: Compressive strength of WEO concrete

S.N Percentage Density of 7 days 28 days


o of concrete in compressive compressive
admixture Kg/m3 strength in MPa strength in MPa

1. 0 2551 25.92 33.18

2. 0.1 2507 25.61 32.73

3. 0.3 2495 25.03 32.14

4. 0.5 2411 23.55 31.25

5. 1.0 2377 21.55 28.88

 
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Behavior of compressive strength


with WEO
35

Comressive strength in MPa 
 7 days
Comressiv
30 e strength
28 Days
25 comressive
strength
20
0 0.5 1 1.5
Percentage replacement of WEO

Fig 9: Compressive strength of concrete with waste engine oil as admixture.

7.3 Split Tensile Strength Test Results: admixture and it losses the split tensile strength.
The behavior of concrete with WEO as For 7 days strength there is a decrease of 17%
admixture under compression in diametrical and for 28 days it is a 27% decrease is observed.
position is determined is determined by split Higher decrease of split tensile strength is due to
tensile strength. Split tensile strength values the application load in diametrical position.
were decreasing when the percentage of Density of WEO concrete was decreased as the
admixture increases. Fig9 is representing 7 days percentage of WEO admixture increases about
and 28 days strength. Similar reasons are acted 4.2%.
on the split tensile strength also. WEO acted as
Table 2: Split tensile strength of WEO concrete
S.N Percentage of Density of 7 days 28 days
o admixture concrete in compressive compressive
Kg/m3 strength in Mpa strength in
Mpa

1. 0 2489 1.65 2.63

2. 0.1 2475 1.52 2.53

3. 0.3 2452 1.52 2.43

4. 0.5 2412 1.41 1.97

5. 1.0 2386 1.36 1.93

Split tensile strength of WEO


concrete
3
Split tensile strengthIN

2
7 Days Spli
Tensile
1
MPa

strength
0 28 Days Split
0 1 2 Tensile
strength
Percentage of WEO

Fig 10: Tensile strength of concrete with waste engine oil as admixture.
 
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CONCLUSIONS 5. Nasir Shafiq, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin and


 Waste engine oil is a waste product and Ibrahim Kamaruddin; Effectiveness of used
easily available market. it is possible to engine oil on improvement of properties of
decompose but it creates pollution fresh and hardened concrete”, Proceedings
during the decomposition. Hence of the 6th Asia Pacific Structural Engineering
reusing of WEO into the concrete and Construction Conference, 2006, Kuala
composition is best option to reduce its Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 150 – 166.ASTM
quantity. C231; American standards for testing of
 With usage of WEO into the concrete materials, measurement of air content in
composition, it reduces the segregation fresh concrete
and bleeding. Here after it improves the 6. M. El-Fadel and R. Khoury, “Strategies for
setting time and workability. vehicle waste-oil management: a case
 Density of WEO concrete is decreases study; Resources, Conservation and
with increase of WEO content. Recycling”.
 Slump values and compaction factor 7. Falahi-Ardakani, “Contamination of
values are increases due to the WEO, environment with heavy metals emitted
hence better workability will observed from automotives”; Ecotoxicology and
during the casting and placing of Environmental Safety, Volume 8, Issue 2,
concrete. April 1984, p. 152-161.
 Compressive strength of WEO concrete 8. Hamid Shahrabadi and Davoud Vafaei,
decreases marginally with increase of “Effect of Kerosene Impacted Sand on
WEO content Compressive Strength of concrete in
 Similar type of trends is observed in split Different Exposure Conditions”, J. Mater.
tensile strength of WEO concrete within Environ. Sci. 6 (9) (2015) 2665-2672.
the limitations. 9. Bilal S. Hamad, Ahmad A. Rteil, “Effect of
used engine oil on structural behavior of
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