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CHAPTER I

Introduction

Background of the study

The agricultural and food sector is confronting numerous challenges. With

the worldwide populace anticipated to develop from 7.6 billion out of 2018 (UN

DESA, 2019) to over 9.6 billion out of 2050 there will be a critical increment in the

interest for nourishment (UN DESA, 2017). Simultaneously, the accessibility of

common assets is turning out to be progressively required. Creation isn't the

main concern; although agrarian yield is right now enough to nourish the world,

821 million individuals still experience the ill effects of yearning (FAO, 2018).

Procedures for example, the quick pace of urbanization are additionally having

significant ramifications for examples of nourishment generation what's more,

consumption

The agrifood sector remains critical for livelihoods and employment. There

are more than 570 million shareholder farms worldwide (Lowder et al., 2016) and

agriculture and food production accounts for 28% of the entire global workplace

(ILOSTAT, 2019). Digital innovations and technologies will be part of the solution.

The following time of development in portable associations is expected to come

for the most part from provincial networks. As of now, 70% of the most

unfortunate 20% in creating nations have access to cell phones (World Bank,

2016). Furthermore, over 40% of the worldwide populace has web get to also,
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there are significant activities to associate those in provincial regions of creating

nations (World Bank, 2016).

Mogato (2018) stated that agriculture in the Philippines has always been

associated with manual labor and backward traditional farming methods. For the

Department of Agriculture (DA), the unfair belief of farming being a poor man’s

job does not make it easier to fulfill its mandate of reaching food security or

attracting more people to join the sector. Moreover, he added that both the

government and the private sector made efforts to address self-sufficiency in

important food staple through the introduction of hybrid seeds, innovative farming

techniques and technology to the agricultural sector.

Therefore, Stanley (2011) stated that technologies in agriculture

interventions have develop and tested around the world to help agriculturist

improve their livelihoods through increase agricultural productivity and income, or

by reducing risks. Some useful resources for learning about agriculture in

practice are the World Bank’s e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture-connecting

smallholder farmers to knowledge, network institutions.

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Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to determine the usage of technology in agricultural

sector. It attempts to answer the following questions:

1. To identify who are the recipients of the agricultural sector.

2. To determine the technologies they used by the recipients in agricultural

sector.

3. What are the benefits of the technologies to the recipients in agricultural

sector.

Significance of the Study

This study hopes to determine the usage of technology in agricultural

sector. More specifically, the results of the study will be a great benefit to the

following groups of people.

Recipients: This study may add information to the recipients for they will be able

to use and determine the effectiveness of the technology they use and to

determine the benefits of the technology in agricultural sector.

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Local Government Unit (LGU): This study may add iformation to local

government unit in terms of increasing their efficiency in providing technology in

agricultural sector.

Future Researchers: This study may add information to the future researchers for

they will be able to use the information given by this research as a reference in

their future studies.

Municipal Agriculturist: This study may help the Municipal Agriculturist as it would

give them information on what technologies they will give to the farmers or

recipients. Also it would help them to give proper orientation and trainings on

what particular technologies they must give.

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Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Usage of Technology Recipients of Agricultural

sector

Figure 1.1

Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework that comprises of independent

variable thus technology used namely harvester, tractor, and threshers. This

variable affected through technology used which leads to the dependent variable

which will be based in the study of the technology usage in agricultural sector.
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Theoretical Framework

The hypothetical establishment of the examination is Diffusion of

Innovation (DOI). DOI is one of the most established sociology speculations

started in correspondence to clarify how after some time, a thought or item gains

force and diffuses through a particular populace or a network (Rogers, 1983).

Rogers, (2004) set with the DOI hypothesis that, an individual moves from first

thinking about a specific development which he depicts as the 'information

arrange' to shaping a frame of mind about that advancement called the 'influence

organize', to settling on a choice whether to utilize a specific development

typically alluded to as the 'choice stage' to utilizing an advancement (execution

arrange) and to at long last choosing whether to keep utilizing a development

(affirmation stage).

Innovations assume a significant job in monetary advancement. Selection

and dispersion of innovation are two interrelated ideas; portraying the choice to

utilize or not and the spread of a given innovation among financial units over

some undefined time frame. Advancement appropriation isn't additionally a one

stage process. Tt sets aside some effort to finish. First time adopters may

proceed or stop to utilize the new innovation. The term of reception of an

innovation shift among monetary units, locales and qualities of the innovation

itself. Along these lines, satisfactory comprehension of the procedure of

innovation reception and its dissemination is fundamental for planning compelling

programs.
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Definition of terms

Technology - it refers to modern devices or farm machines that were used by

the recipients such as harvester, tractor, and threshers.

Sector - it refers to an area where the recipient is responsible.

Recipients - It refers to a person or farmers who are part on our study as a

respondent. They will also be beneficial to this study because of the information

they get.

Harvester - The technology or farm machineries that are being use to harvest

crop by the recipients. It helps reduce the manpower of the recipient and can

lessen their expenses.

Tractor - The technology or farm machineries that is being use by the recipients

for cleaning in the rice field.

Threshers – The technology or farm machineries that the recipient also use in

farming.

Farmers Association – It is a program that the Municipal Department of

Agriculture in Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay offers for the farmers. This

association gives farm machineries, seeds, and fertilizers for the member or

recipient. They help sustain the needs of every member or recipients of this

association.

Privatization - It is a private sector that provide farm machineries for the

recipients
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Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the usage of technology in the agricultural sector.

This qualitative study limits to 10 participants from the Department of Agriculture

recipients. Moreover, this study will be conducted within the scope of Mejo,

Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay.

This study is also limits to recipients, technology or farm machinery they

use, and benefits of the recipients in the Agricultural sector.

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Chapter II

Review of the Related Literature

Recipients

Throughout history, scientific and technological advances have greatly

impacted the agriculture industry. Early farmers improve their crop productions

by inventing the first hoes. Advances in farm machinery production change the

way farmers work. They were able to cover more land at a faster pace, and as

manufacturer added seats to farm machinery, farmers found some relief from

their backbreaking labors.

Lipton (2001) argues that no other sector than agriculture offers the same

possibility to create employment and lift people out of poverty. Ramey (2012)

added that through genetic engineering scientists have managed to introduce

traits into existing genes with a goal of making crops resistant to droughts and

pests. This saves the farmer time and money, they will know how much is left

and what to feed their animals. Technology has turned farming into a real

business, now farmers have electrified every process, a consumer can place an

order directly online, and the product will be transported from the farm to the

consumer and time when it’s still fresh. This saves the farmer money and it cuts

out mediators to tend to buy low from farmers high to end consumers. Every

farmer uses their technology in their own way. Some use it to create fertilizers,

others use to it market their products, and others use it in production.

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Technology

According to Kapur 2003, agriculture is regarded as a primary occupation

of the individuals in rural areas. To feed the increasing population, it is essential

to introduce modern innovative techniques in the agricultural sector. New

technologies are required to encourage the yield frontiers to an advanced stage,

make use of the inputs resourcefully and diversify to a more sustainable and

higher value cropping patterns.

Fields and postharvest operations in rice are still heavily reliant on manual

labor with just few operations using farm machinery, (Bautista,2003). He added

that land preparation activities such as plowing, harrowing, secondary harrowing

have been mechanized in the intermediate to high level using hand-tractors as

the primary equipment.

According to the Agricultural Mechanization Development Program,1990

said that rice threshing is at the intermediate level with most of the farmers using

mechanical threshers. Approximately more than 80% of rice fields are now

threshed by axial flow threshers, which come in different sizes and forms

depending on the locality.

Moreover, Jacobs, et al., (1983) stated that there are different types of

harvesters for various crops. There are combine harvesters for wheat, beans,

corns, rice and other grain crops. The combine cuts the crop, feeds the crop to

the trashing cylinder, trashes the seeds/grains, and handles the clean

seeds/grains until these are loaded into a truck or trailer for transportation. He
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further added that, since every crop requires different harvesting mechanism,

farmers prepare harvesters for the various crops they cultivate, although a

harvester is used only for one to two weeks in a year. Many types of harvesters

have been developed, for example, for sugar beet, radish, lettuce, onion,

cabbage, tomato, carrot , and etc.

Since tractor were too heavy, plowing by mounting the plow directly on the

tractor would have cause the machine to sink in the field. Therefore two tractors

place at both ends of a field and with the plow swinging on the cable towed to

both tractors were used for plowing the field by moving tractor from one end to

the other. Tractor was also used as a power source for trashing. The tractors with

the PTO (Power Take Off) shaft for the power driven implements became

popular as a general purpose tractor for power-tilling, seeding, and weeding in

addition to plowing and trashing. The standards of PTO were establish by the

ASAE (American Society for Agricultural Engineers) in 1927.

A study by AMMDA (2003), showed that with the current growth rate of

the economy and production in the agriculture sector, about 188,000 units of

various pieces of agricultural machinery and farm engines will be needed over

the next few years. They also estimated that the annual demand for power tillers

will range from 15,000 to 20,000 units; for rice threshers, from 8,000 to 10,000

units.
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Benefits

Agriculture plays a unique role in reducing poverty. Partly, this reflects

numbers of poor people engaged in it. Around 75% of those surviving on less

than US$ a day, internationally agreed definition of absolute poverty-live in rural

areas (IFAD, 2002)

Improvements in agricultural productivity have a powerful knock-on effect

to the rest of the economy. To the extent that technology raises agricultural

productivity, it should be the major factor in creating positive effects.( Thirtle et al,

2003)

Ebron et al. (1983) reported that according to the workers themselves,

mechanical threshers brought a more advantages than disadvantages to the

landless workers. As the traditional threshing method was the most tedious and

time consuming of all farm operations, mechanical threshing was fast and more

convenient. He added that faster threshing was also reported to give workers

more time to harvest in other fields, thus increasing their income and getting their

crop share sooner.

According to Kapur 2003 These are all knowledge intensive system and

skilled farmers strong research and extension system. In addition, it also requires

a strengthened interface, where emphasis is put on communal exchange of

information, bringing advantages to all. Making use of resources in an effective

manner is stated as the driving force behind the use of agricultural technologies.
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Several resource conservation technologies are, green manure, crop rotation,

etc.

He further added that, improvement in the agricultural growth is an

essential aspect for leading to overall growth and development of the country.

The reason being, this sector sustains livelihood of 65 percent of the population.

However, the contribution of agriculture towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

is 14 percent. Several revolutions in agriculture have taken place to boost the

sector. This include, Green Revolution, Evergreen Revolution, Blue Revolution,

White Revolution, Yellow Revolution, Bio-technology Revolution, Information and

Communications Technologies (ICT) Revolution. In order to increase

productivity, it is essential to make use of technologies and what is required is

the extension of these developed systems. Agriculture extension that has been

combined with infrastructure is regarded as the key aspect towards agricultural

growth. Involvement of the private sector would help in the absorption of

technologies in this sector in a rapid way. Factors relating to adoption of

technologies have the potential to contribute to the sustainable farming systems.

It is a comprehensive concept and is affected by the development, distribution

and application at the farm level of the present and new biological, chemical and

mechanical techniques, all of which are incorporated in farm capital and other

inputs.

Moreover, Wilde (2016) stated that Harvest Production is to improve crop

generation, there are number of regions that should be mulled over. The

ranchers need to guarantee the seed, hardware and different materials that are
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utilized are of good quality, the errands and capacities are performed in a proper

way and they have the necessary aptitudes and capacities. They have to have

satisfactory information and attention to use innovation in a fitting way. climate

change is a strategy that is important to make an appropriate atmosphere for

crops. At the point when ideal atmosphere for crops is made, it prompts and

expansion underway. For this innovation to succeed, it should be applied for a

long term.

Therefore, technological innovation has a potentially important role to play

in improving the sustainability of these farming systems through a range of

innovations and engineering, information technology, pesticides and

biotechnology, reducing the load of known toxins, substituting safer alternatives,

protecting ground or surface waters, protecting natural habitats and reducing

nutrients loads in soils. (Tait & Pitkin, 1996)

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Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter includes the research design, research locale, research

sampling, research participants, instrumentations, data gathering procedures,

reliability and validity, data analysis and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This study employed qualitative research design. This study attempts to

identify the usage of technology in agricultural sector. Qualitative research is

concerned with the opinions, experiences and feeling of individuals producing

subjective data. Qualitative research describes social phenomena as they occur

naturally. No attempt is made to manipulate the situation under study as in the

case with experimental quantitative research. Understanding of a situation is

gained through holistic perspective. The researcher employed the key informant

interview to answer the question on the experiences of the recipients with special

abilities in using technology in agricultural sector.

Research Locale

The Study will be conducted in the Province of Zamboanga Sibugay

Municipality of Diplahan Barangay Mejo. The respondents will be interviewed in

their houses or any comfortable place that the respondents will choose to. This
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respondents will be interviewed via audio recording. The researchers chose the

Barangay Mejo because it covers a wide rice field wherein most of the residents

are farmers.

Research Sampling

In this study, researchers use the purposive sampling method when the

researchers will choose randomly a participant or recipients they want to include

in their study. The maximum population of the participants involve in this study is

fifteen (15). This study chooses this approach as researchers seeks information

on what are the technology use in the agricultural sector to improve the quality or

benefits of it when they work.

Research Participants

The target respondents of this study are the 10 recipients of the Farmers

Association in the Municipal Department of Agriculture in Barangay Mejo,

Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay. In which their primary occupation is farming and

also a member of the Farmers Association. They are using technology or farm

machinery from the Municipal Department of Agriculture.

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Instrumentation

The used of constructed interview guide was essential in order to

accumulate the needed information of the study. Also, the used of android

phones was essential in order to complete the research. The mentioned gadget

was used as the medium of data collection. The purpose is to provide detailed

information and relative answer which descriptive method was used and to gain

statistical information.

The instrument that the researcher used is an interview guide to gather

the data for the study. This method would benefit the researcher because it can

get more efficient and accurate response from the informants. The set of

interview guide is drawn on the researcher's reading, previous studies that are

relevant to the study. A survey questionnaire to generate responses on usage of

technology in agricultural sector, the interview guide was checked by the

researchers’ adviser in order to determine suitability and fitness. After which, the

conceived instrument was subjected to expert's validation process. The interview

guides was written in English and were translated in Filipino (if needed) and in

their mother tongue depending on what was the informant's dialect (if needed).

Data Gathering Procedure

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In this research, data were collected through one-on-one interview with

the use of validated interview guide and phones for the recording.

Because the study considered external or out-of-school participation,

researchers were needed to comply with some few instructions in order to

conduct the study outside the school perimeters. Researchers were needed to

coordinate and request the cooperation of the research adviser and validators in

order to conduct external or out-of-school study. Researchers must acquire

communication and letter of recommendation from the research adviser for their

approval. After the approval, researchers proceed to their respective locale to

conduct the interview to the Municipal Department of Agriculture or to the

Municipal Agriculturist I in order to determine the recipients of our study. After

that, the researchers will go to the recipients located in the Mejo, Diplahan

Zamboanga Sibugay because their main source of income is farming. The data

gathering undergone for at least a week to complete the data needed to answer

the research problems suggested by the researchers. Proper documentation was

made to ensure that there will be no misinterpretation or misunderstanding during

the data gathering.

Reliability and Validity

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The researcher allowed the instruments to be validated by three teacher

evaluators whom by qualifications are experts in the fields of teaching and

research. The three validators evaluated the research instruments in terms of

content, organization and structure.

The three validators have teaching experiences five years and above, the

validators are experts of research and a faculty of Senior High School, Diplahan

National High School. The three validators gave the research instruments a rate

of 4 and above with minor revisions in the structure and organization of the

constructs.

Data Analysis

All interviews were audio taped, and transcribed and translated into

English. Transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed using the constant

comparative method of Cresswell (2013). The constant comparative method

“combines systematic data collection, coding, and analysis with theoretical

sampling in order to generate theory that is integrated, close to the data, and

expressed in a form clear enough for further testing. The data analyses were

iterative with data collection. Data were analyzed as they were collected through

the process of coding. Through open coding, common themes of everyday life

were identified and examined in relation to the context, meanings, and

circumstances of usage of technology in the agricultural sector. Interviews were

coded by conceptualizing underlying patterns in the data. Initial data analysis

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guided further and more focused data collection, leading to further

conceptualizations of the data and refinement of the coding schemes. Credibility

of the data was established using the techniques of persistent observation, peer

debriefing (presenting analyses and conceptual abstractions of the data to other

expert qualitative researchers to explore inquirer biases and to clarify the

meanings and the basis for interpretations), and member checks (presenting the

analysis of the data to participants for their confirmation or revision).

Ethical Consideration

The research of this study made known to the participants the kind and

purpose of this research. After which, the researchers ask the permission of the

School Principal and the Class Adviser to conduct interviews to the recipients as

to their willingness to be part of the study. The researchers give inform condent

to the recipients. It was also assured to the participants in all respects and the

data gathered from the interview they will be keep confidential. I was also explain

to the participants that anytime they do not like to continue as participant they

may quit.

CHAPTER IV

Results, Discussions and Interpretations

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This chapter presents the results, discussions and interpretations which

answers the research problem congruently.

Recipients of Technology in Agriculture

The first problem that the research will answer is “To determine the

recipients of the Agricultural Sector.”

The researchers asked the Municipal Agriculturist on the recipients of

Technology in the Agricultural Sector in Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay.

According to the respondent the recipients are the members of Farmers

Association of Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay.

“Unsa nga equipment? Unsa nga devices? Ahh kuan, mga farm
machineries. Oo naa mi gina endorse nga mga papel. Dugay nag a
sugod ug panghatag ug mga farm machineries. Ang sanguna nay
16% pero wala kaayu ga avail kay walay kuwarta ang FA so
karong 2019, last year gi hatag na nila sa FA nga wala nay equity
kay hatag na tanan. Hand tractor, thresher, harvester ug four wheel
tractor. Oo, kanang DOLE Registration. Registered siya sa DOLE
nga usa siya ka association. Kinahanglan naa siya’y kuwarta sa
ilang association isip maintenance sa mga farm machineries. Naa
mi panghatag nga similya sa mais, vegetables. Pinakbet- kalabasa,
talong, okra, ampalaya: Sinigang – tangkong, petchay… Ohh
ingana among gipang hatag kay naka pack man siya. Lamas
nalang ang kulang. Tanan nga barangay gina hatagan gyud na sila
puli-puli like Sampoli, Goling, Natan, Ditay, depende sa ilang
request. Equally distributed jud na sila, para tanan malipay. Naka
avail man gihapon ang taga Poblacion ug mga seeds, mas arang-
arang gani sila kay mas duol sila sa opisina, dayun mahatagan
dayun sila kay dali raman ang access, dayun nakadawat sila ug
unsa tong bag-o nila nga nadawatan, kuan irrigation, o nakadawat
na sila karun, dili pud ingun nga layo kaayu sila sa farm kay dili na
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sila maka-avail kay ang papel kay ga lihok man.” (What equipment?
What devices? Oh! that’s farm machineries. In fact we have papers
to be endorsed. It’s been a while since we started giving farm
machineries. Before it has 16% but its only have few members who
avail because FA has no sufficient money. So this 2019, last year
they already gave to FA with no equity because all are given. Hand
tractor, thresher, harvester, and four wheel tractor. Yes, DOLE
Registration. He must be register itself to DOLE that he is a
member of the association. He should have also enough money in
their association as maintenance for the farm machineries. We also
give seeds of corn and vegetables. Pinakbet – squash, eggplant,
okra, horse radish: Sinigang – tangkong, petchay… Yes that’s what
we’ve been giving because it is already been packed. Only the
spices were lacking. All of the barangays were given alternately like
Sampoli, Goling, Natan, Ditay depends on their request. They are
equally distributed for them to be happy.They still avail seeds,
they’re more convenient because they are near in the office, then
it’s easier to give them because they are near and easy for them to
access, then they receive,that new kind of seeds, that irrigation, yes
they’ve been received now, it’s not that they are away from the
farm, they can’t avail because the papers are on process already. )

The findings of the study are the members of the Farmers Association are

the recipients who receive technological devices or farm machineries and seeds.

It was a registered association from DOLE and also supported by the

Department of Agriculture. In order to be recipients they need to pass all the

requirements from the Municipal Agriculture.

The Philippine Government has long been striving to achieve

modernization of the rural sector. The date, the latest major enactment by the

government is the Republic Act (R.A) 8435 of 1997, popularly known as the

Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA). It prescribes urgent related

measures to modernize the Agriculture and Fisheries Sector of the country in

order to enhance profitability and to prepare for the challenges brought about by
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globalization. Section 59 of this Act gives priority to the development and

promotion of appropriate agricultural machinery and other agricultural

mechanization technologies to enhance agricultural mechanization in the

countryside.

Even with such programs and strategies, coupled with prior institutional

changes to boost the level of mechanizations in our farms, positive change has

been diminutive. Difference in the level of agricultural mechanization in the

Philippines from 1968 to 1990, as reported by the Regional Network on

Agricultural Machinery (RNAM), was merely 0.322 hp/ha (PCARRD 2002). In

1998, the agricultural mechanization level for rice and corn farms was reported

as 1.68 hp/ha (Rodulfo et al. 1998)

The Institute of Agricultural Engineering of the College of Engineering and

Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baňos (IAE-

CEAT,UPLB)is recognized by the Commission on Higher Education as the center

of excellence in agricultural engineering. The institute has a three-tier function of

instruction, research, and extension. Research and extension activities of the

institute are mostly conducted through the Agricultural Mechanization

Development Program (AMDP). AMDP is a major advocate of mechanizing

farming systems in the country. For years, AMDP has been in the forefront of

introducing and promoting appropriate mechanization technologies and practices

for the farming sector (Capareda et al. 2002). Its mission is to contribute towards

mechanization of agriculture and fisheries through the generation of

mechanization technologies. By providing machines and equipment appropriate

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for Filipino farmers’ farms, the program envisions making these farmers to be at

par with their counterparts in the developed world (AMDP 2002).

Agricultural mechanization occupies a special nook in the hearts and

minds of people concerned with development. However, mechanization as an

effective partner of progress and socioeconomic well-being still has a long way to

go. A better understanding of its many ramifications can be likened to watching

the interplay of the varying hues and shades of a rainbow that makes definite

observations truly difficult (Latin 1985).

Technologies in Agricultural Sector

The second problem that the research will answer is "To identify the

Technologies that they used in Agricultural Sector.”

The researchers asked the respondents on the item they received from

the Municipal department of Agriculture. According to the respondents, they

received seeds for rice and vegetables; and fertilizers from the Municipal

department of Agriculture.

“Kuan, similya. Similya sa humay nga gipanghatag nila” (Yeah!

Seeds, they provide rice seeds)-R1, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Ay katong similya. Similya katong 402 sa kuan ba, sa rice. Daw
wala naman” (Oh it’s the seed. It`s 402 for the rice. Nothing more.)-
R2, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo
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“Kuan, kanang binhi. Binhi diri.” (Uhm, the seed. Seed in here.)-
R3, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Uhm, damo mga abono, ahh similya. Mga hinabang pud nila nga
mga, kanang mga kuan, wala bitaw sing mga kuan, kanang walay
ulan. Uhm damo nga mga beneficiaries nga madawat Uhm”,
(There’s many fertilizers, ahh seeds. It’s their help, the uhm, there
is no uhm, there is no rain. Uhm there’s many beneficiaries that can
receive.) - R4, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Katong mga hinabang nga mga binhi tapos mga… basta mga
binhi to sang basakan” (Yeah they provide seeds then the… just
seed for the rice field.) – R5, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo.

“Similya ahh. Katong 82” (Yeah, seed. It's 82) – R6, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo

“Kuan mga... Machineries..Farm machineries, livestock, mga

seeds.” (Ahh… Machineries… Farm machineries, livestock and
seeds.) – R7, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo.

“Similya ug abono” (Seeds and fertilizer) – R8, Rice Farmer,

Barangay Mejo

“Oo pareha anang similya” (Yes like seeds) – R9, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo

“Among nadawatan sa Municipal Department of Agriculture kay

binhi, binhi sa humay.” (We receive in Municipal Department of
Agriculture are seeds, seeds of rice.) – R10, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo
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Furthermore, the researchers asked the respondents if they received farm

machineries such as tractors and harvesters. According to the respondents, they

received from the Farmers Association in Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay tracers,

tractors and harvesters.

“Ahh, Farm machinery…naa, nakadawat ang Barangay. Naa diha,

kanang mga tractor, kining thresher. Mao na siguro siya. Wala uyy.
May privilege lang ang farmers dinha. Murag ubos-ubos lang ang
bayad kumpara sa commercial” (Oh! Farm machinery , Yeah the
Barangay received some. There’s a Tractor. Also Thresher. I think
that’s it. No, only the farmers has the priviledge. Maybe the
payment is low unlike the commercial) – R1, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo

Farm machinery?... uhm kuan, ang farmers organizations, daghan.

Ang mga tractor… ambot ug pila ang tractor dinha daghan biya.
Diba kay angkol mo may, murag may coming man sila nga
harvester… pero may harvester dinha nga manu-mano dili kuan,
dili as in dako, manu-mano lang, may thresher… daghan biya.
(Farm machinery?... uhm, there’s a lot in Farmers Organization.
The tractors.. I don’t know the exact number of the tractor but
there’s a lot. There is also a harvester which is operated by hands.
It’s not that so big. There’s also a thresher and so on.) – R2, Rice
Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Sa kuan naa. Sa kuan ba, sa Barangay. Oo, nakagamit ko. Kuan,
depende kung available didto, pwede mi mo gamit” (Uhm, Yes
there is, in the Barangay. Yes, I used it. Uhm, it depends if its
available, we can use it.) – R3, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo.

“Aww Oo, amo lang na. Kanang tractor, harvester, dayun ang
karon nila nga may nag abot paman nga pero wala paman
magamit nga mga machinery.” (Uhm, yes, that’s all. The tractor,
harvester and then now there is a machinery that comes but
haven’t used yet.) – R4, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo
 27

“Naa, naa sa farmers. Nakagamit man mi usahay dira sa mga

kuan, sa mga thresher, mga tractor tapos naara man sa Mejo
karon.” (Yes, yes farmers have it. We already used it sometimes …
the threshers, the tractors and it’s only in Mejo.) –R5, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo

“Ohh may ara didto sa Coop o didto sa station, Farmers station

nagadawat ana”. (Yes. It's in the Coop there in the station. The
Farmers station receives it.)- R6, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Ohh may ara didto sa Coop o didto sa station, Farmers station

nagadawat ana”.(Yes. It's in the Coop there in the station. The
Farmers station receives it). – R7, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Thresher, tractor dayun kining... Kuan (sakyanan ni agi),

waterpump, ug ricereaper”(.Thresher, tractor and then… uhm
( vehicle pass by) waterpump, and.ricereaper.) –R8, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo

Oo, pareha anang thresher, tractor ug harvester (Yes like thresher,

tractor and harvester) – R9, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

Oo, gipahulam na sa amoa pero abangan namo para lang pud daw
sa maintenance sa farm machinery (Yes it is lended to us, but we
pay for it for the maintenance of farm machineries.) – R10, Rice
Farmer, Barangay Mejo

The findings of the study are the common technology or farm machineries

that the recipients used are the tractor, thresher, and harvester that the Farmers

Association from the Municipal Department of Agriculture provides.

 28

Fields and postharvest operations in rice are still heavily reliant on

manual labor with just few operations using farm machinery, (Bautista,2003). He

added that land preparation activities such as plowing, harrowing, secondary

harrowing have been mechanized in the intermediate to high level using hand-

tractors as the primary equipment.

According to the Agricultural Mechanization Development Program,1990

said that rice threshing is at the intermediate level with most of the farmers using

mechanical threshers. Approximately more than 80% of rice fields are now

threshed by axial flow threshers, which come in different sizes and forms

depending on the locality.

Moreover, Jacobs, et al., (1983) stated that there are different types of

harvesters for various crops. There are combine harvesters for wheat, beans,

corns, rice and other grain crops. The combine cuts the crop, feeds the crop to

the trashing cylinder, trashes the seeds/grains, and handles the clean

seeds/grains until these are loaded into a truck or trailer for transportation.

Benefits of Technology
The third problem that the research will answer is “What are the benefits

of the recipients in the Agricultural Sector?”

The researcher asked the respondents on the benefits that they can get

by using farm machineries and does it helps in Farming. According to the

respondents, it is useful because the payment of using farm machineries from

 29

the Farmers Association in the Municipal Department of agriculture is much

lesser than the private sector.

Para sa basakan, ang tractor para sa… syempre maka tabang

gyud na siya kay dili madali kung wala ni (For the Rice Field. The
Tractor of course can help becaue it is harder without it.)R1, Rice
Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Nakatabang. Kuan, kay naka benepisyo siya sa pag… tractor ana”

(Helpful. Uhm, it benefits on… uhm, on the… tractor like…) - R3,
Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

"Oo eh. Number one jud ang tractor ug thresher"(Yes. The tractor
and the thresher are the number one.)-R4, Rice Farmer, Barangay
Mejo

"Tabang ehh. Tabang na." ( Ofcourse, it’s helpful.)-R5,Rice Farmer,

Barangay Mejo

"Tabang ehh." (Of course it helps.)-R6, Rice Farmer, Barangay

Mejo

"Oo, mas dili nami mag hago kay madali na ang among mga
trabaho." ( Yeah! It is more easier because our work will go faster.)-
R8,Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

"Katong wala pa ang mga thresher, tractor, ug harvester, ga lisod

pami sa amoang basakan, pero karon kay dali nalang kaayu
tungod anang mga farm machineries." ( Before when we don’t have
thresher, tractor and harvester, we experience difficulties in our
ricefield but now it’s easy because we have farm machineries
already.)-R9, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo
 30

"Oo nakatabang kay duol ra siya sa amoang lugar, dali rapud

duolan, ug ilabi na dali rapud mahuman ang amoang trabaho."
( Yes it helps because it is near in our place, easy to approach and
especially our work will be done easily.)-R10, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo

Moreover, the researchers asked the respondents on the difference

between using technologies and without technologies in Agricultural. According

to the respondents, that their works become more efficient in terms of harvesting

the crops and lesser cost of manpower.

“Syempre,mas paspas ang kuan ehh, kay sa manu-manu mas

paspas pareha anang katong manu-manu nga ani, kanang usahay
manurok nalang ang humay dili pa makuha sa basakan tapos
bisan pag maani na, walay kanang… unsa ni… walay thresher nga
available di syempre ma daot gyud ang humay, igo maani itom na
ang humay kontra karon nay harvester, direct na sa sako, mas less
ang expense.” (Of course, it`s more faster than by using hands. It`s
a lot more faster just like if you use your hands in harvesting…
sometimes the rice grew up already, but it can`t be harvested
because there is no…what`s this?.. there`s no available thresher…
and of course it will be damaged before it will be harvested the rice
turned into black… unlike today there`s a harvester, it can be
directly put into the sacks, and it`s cheaper as well.) – R2, Rice
Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Mas bintaha karon kay naa na kay mas dali siya.” (It is better now
because it makes things easier and faster.) – R3, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo.

“Ahh mas maayu jud ehh nga may naa, naka tabang kay kuan…
wala biya sing gina tabang ang gobyerno sa aton, Hhmm… mag
lisod-lisod pud biya ta. Oo dugay na” (Ahh its more good if there is
something that can help because uhm… there no help from the
 31

government to us, Hhmm… it would be difficult to us. Yeah, its

been a while.) – R4, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo.

“Ohh sa wala pa hinoon medjo apiki mi sauna pero karon naana,

kompleto na sila, dali lang mabuhat ang imo nga… ohh dali lang
mahuman.” (Oh… Before when it’s not yet been given… it’s a little
bit hard… but now, we leave already… it’s complete, you can do it
easily.) – R5, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

“Ahh, lahi Jud ehh. Kay kapoy man tong walay tractor Kay mangita
man ka sa mga project. May naa ra dira, di automatic kay naana.
Basta mangita Lang ta ug maayo nga... Usahay namay iskedyul
man gud. Ang maka una-una gyud. O, barato,ahh, Dosmil (2000)...
Dosmil (2000) man siguro. Kay sa gawas Dosmil-kinyentos man
(2500). Ahh paghuman sa imo, tee didto napud sa pikas. My
limitasyon. Paghuman dira, didto napud sa pikas kay nagtagad pud
tong pikas.” (Of course it's different. It's difficult when there's no
tractor because you need to find projects. We have there. It's
automatic because we have it. We have to find the better...
Sometimes there's a schedule. Whoever comes first. Yes it's
affordable, 2000... 2000 I think. Because outside its 2500. If your
done then it's the turn for others.) – R6, Rice Farmer, Barangay
Mejo.

“Ang kalainan nga dali rami makatrabaho, dali dali mi makatanom,

dali mi makathresher, makaharvest kay naamay unay nga mga
machineries.” (The difference is we can easily work. We can right
away plant and we can immediately use thresher and harvest
because we have machineries.) – R7, Rice Farmer, Barangay
Mejo.

“Sa katong wala pami ana nga mga teknolohiya, mag lisod pami,
mas gasto kay sama anang manganic, mag bayad pami sa
manganihay. Sa karon naa nami anang mga teknolohiya sama sa
harvester, dili nami madugayan. Mas dali na siya.” (When we don’t
have any technology it’s difficult for us, it is more expensive like
harvesting, pay for the people who harvest. Now that we have a
technology such us harvester, it won’t consume a lot of time. It will
be faster.) – R8, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo.
 32

“Oo, dako kaayu ang natabang ani sa amoa kay kung magpa-ani
kami kay dali nalang kaayu kay tungod naa na ang harvester”
(Yeah! It contributes a lot for us. When we are going to harvest the
rice, it’s very easy because we have harvester.) – R9, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo.

“Syempre, dako kaayu ug kalainan. Kay sa una wala pay

teknolohiya sama anang tractor ug harvester kay manu-manu gyud
ka ug trabaho sa inyung basakan. Karon dali na kaayu mahuman
ang trabaho kay tungod anang teknolohiya nga gi offer sa
association.” (Of course, there’s a big difference. Unlike before
there’s no technology we use hand in working the farm. Now our
work will be done easily because of the technology that the
association offered to us.) – R10, Rice Farmer, Barangay Mejo

The findings of the study are by using these Technology or Farm

machinery; it will be useful to them especially in farming. It will be easy to the

recipients it will lessen their time and effort in farming.

Ebron et al. (1983) reported that according to the workers

themselves, mechanical threshers brought a more advantages than

disadvantages to the landless workers. As the traditional threshing method was

the most tedious and time consuming of all farm operations, mechanical

threshing was fast and more convenient. He added that faster threshing was also

reported to give workers more time to harvest in other fields, thus increasing their

income and getting their crop share sooner.

Privatization in Agricultural Sector

 33

The researchers come up with the main theme privatization in agricultural

sector. Privatization in Agricultural Sector means in case the government cannot

reach or provide sufficient support to the recipients in far flung areas the private

sector will take over to lend farm machineries to the recipients but with higher

price.

Uhm, sa mga diri lang, sa mga nearby lang nga mga kuan nga mga
farmers kay kami sa Lobing man ang among area. Lisud pud ug
iadto didto. Ohh sa Lobing man amo area. Katabang biya na siya
kay mas lesser man ang bayad kontra sa mga private, barato lang.
Wala nako kabalo ana karon kay gipa- increase man ang private,
syempre pa increase pud na sila ehh, pero basta mas less jud
nang ilaha kaysa sa private (Uhm, for those who live nearby of
course, unlike us our area was in Lobing. It`s difficult for us to go
there. Yes,our area is in Lobing. It will gonna easier for us to pay
because of its cheaper price than in private. For now, I don’t know
but the private was now increased, so, the commercial will
increase too, but the payment is lesser than the private ) - R2,Rice
Farmer, Barangay Mejo

"Oo ehh. Syempre dako kaayu siyag tabang kay kung wala ang
thresher, wala ang tractor, di adto mi magpatractor sa Mahal kaayu
nga mga private nga tractor, thresher." ( Of course it helps a lot
because if we don’t have tracer and tractor, so we will go to
expensive private tractor and thresher.)-R7, Rice Farmer, Barangay
Mejo

“Awh, katong sa wala pa, maka… naa may mga daghang

commercial nga mga gamit, pareha anang tractor pero mas mahal,
mahal lang ang bayad kontra anang sa agriculture nga gamit nga
ubos ra ang bayad” (There’s a lot of commercial machineries such
as tractor, but it is more expensive compare withthe agricultural
machineries which we pay more lesser.) – R1, Rice Farmer,
Barangay Mejo
 34

The findings of the study are that the recipients avail machineries from private

sectors if the Farmers Association can’t provide their needs due to far areas. The

effect of availing machineries to the private sector is they will pay higher price

compared to the Farmers Association.

For private extension activities to play a role in agricultural development

overall, it is necessary to consider how they can complement and improve

existing efforts in the area of extension. In addition, it is fundamental to recognize

that the objectives of commercial firms’ extension activities are not the same as

those of government service or donor-supported extension. However, as stated

by FAO’s Dr. Maalouf at the 1991 Global Consultation Extension, “The possibility

needs to be explored of complementing government-funded extension by

involvement of cooperatives, farmers’ and other community-based organization,

non-governmental voluntary organizations and private/commercial firms in doing

extension work.” Farmers Associations may act as a “watch-dog” when

partnerships are formed between farmers and private companies in the

production and marketing of a crop.

 35

CHAPTER V

Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the conclusion and the recommendation considered

from the results and the findings of the study.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are made:
 36

1. In view of the result of the present study, the study establishes that the

members of the Farmers Association were identified as a recipient

required passing the requirements and it is registered by the DOLE.

2. Also, the technologies or farm machineries being used by the recipient

were classified into three; the tractors, threshers, and harvesters

3. According to the recipient, these farm machineries plays an important role

in farming. Through these technologies or farm machineries their time and

effort spending in farming was lessen. Also their work becomes faster and

easier because of its effectiveness. They added that there are huge

differences between using technology and without using it.

4. However, the researchers discover the main theme privatization in which

some farmers use to patronize private sectors due to the insufficiency of

the farm machineries given by the government. In case the government

cannot reach out far flung areas the private sectors will take over but with

a higher price.

Recommendations

The following are the recommendations formulated based on the findings

of the study:
 37

To the recipients, they should attend seminars in order to know further

information on how to use technology in a sufficient way. They must undergo

trainings to enhance learnings in using technologies or farm machineries. For

those who are not member of the FA they can also apply for the Farmers

Association and comply all the requirements for the benefit of their Rice.

To the Local Government Unit, they should provide more technologies in order

for those barangays in far flung areas can also benefit just like what they did to

other barangay. Also, they must lessen the payment of the farm machineries

maintenance in order for the farmers to avail those technologies that they need. It

will also be helpful if they ask financial or agricultural support from other countries

or from the main office of the Department of Agriculture so that the technologies

or farm machineries can provide all the farmers here in Diplahan Zamboanga

Sibugay. The membership of the Farmers Association will not only be limited to

few farmers.

To Farmers Association program of Municipal Agriculturist, they should provide

sufficient number of technology to be used by the farmers so that the member of

FA will be provided equally and will not lead the recipients to pay on the Private

Sector with high amount.

 38

For the future researcher they may use the topic Privatization in agriculture.

This study is for performance measures to empower the public through equipping

every researcher with their skills. They may expand this idea on how recipients

deal with the private sectors.

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Appendix A

Interview Guide Questions

Technology questions:

1. What are the technology you use in doing agriculture? Did you use it

effectively?

2. what are the importance of technology in agriculture? Why do you think so?

3. Does using of technology in agriculture effective? In what way?

 42

Benefits questions:

1. Do you think the technologies you use are useful or effective? Why?

2. What are the technologies that you always use in agriculture?

3. Will this technology lead the farmers in struggles or frustration? Why?

Appendix B
Letter to the Principal

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
DIPLAHAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DIPLAHAN, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY

January 21, 2020

SALVADOR D. ARQUILITA, MMEM

School Principal III
Diplahan National High School

Sir:

Greetings of Peace!

I am HANNAH CASTAÑEROS a student of Diplahan National High

School and currently enrolled in Accountancy, Business and Management were
 43

currently working on a research entitled “USAGE OF TECHNOLOGY IN

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR”.This study hopes to determine the usage of
technology in agricultural sector.

In view of this, I would like to ask a permission in your good office to

conduct interview in Mejo, Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay.

Thank you and God Bless.

Respectfully yours,

HANNAH CASTAÑEROS et. al

Research Leader

Noted by:

ZANDRO ANTIOLA

Research Adviser Approved by:

SALVADOR D. ARQUILITA
School Principal III

Appendix C
Letter to the Mayor

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
DIPLAHAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DIPLAHAN, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY

January 21, 2020

Atty. Eric Y. Palma

Municipal Mayor
Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay

Sir:

Greetings of Peace!

I am HANNAH CASTAÑEROS a student of Diplahan National High

School and currently enrolled in Accountancy, Business and Management were
 44

currently working on a research entitled “USAGE OF TECHNOLOGY IN

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR”.This study hopes to determine the usage of
technology in agricultural sector.

In view of this, I would like to ask a permission in your good office to

conduct interview in the office of Municipal Department of Agriculture.

Thank you and God Bless.

Respectfully yours,

HANNAH CASTAÑEROS et. al

Research Leader

Noted by:

ZANDRO ANTIOLA

Research Adviser Approved by:

Atty. Eric Y. Palma

Municipal Mayor

Appendix D
Letter to the Respondents

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
DIPLAHAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DIPLAHAN, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY

January 21, 2020

Recipients
Mejo,Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay

Dear Respondents:

Greetings!

We are the ABM students of Diplahan National High School who are
enrolled in Research Project/Culminating Activity/Immersion. Presently we are
 45

conducting a research entitled“USAGE OF TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL

SECTOR”.

In this regard, we are asking for your great time and effort to answer all
the questions that we be given that are very important and helpful for the
completion of our study.

Rest assured that all data gathered from you will be kept confidential.

Your positive response in this request will be valuable contribution for the
success of the study and will highly appreciate.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

HANNAH CASTAÑEROS et. al

Research Leader

Noted by:

ZANDRO P. ANTIOLA

Research Adviser

Appendix E

Documentations
 46

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Data:

Name: Christine S. Araya

Birthdate: February 25, 2002
Birthplace: St. John General Hospital in Buug
Sex: Female
Civil status: Single
Father: Nelson M. Araya
Mother: Arlene S. Araya
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Tinongtongan, Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background:
 47

Senior High school

Accountancy Business and management
Diplahan National High school
Completed: 2020

Junior High School

Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2018

Elementary School
Tinongtongan Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Day Care
Tinongtongan Elementary School
Completed: 2008

Name: Virnalyn Millian Arcayan

Birthdate: April 17, 2002
Birthplace: Guilawa, Malangas, Zamboanga Sibugay
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Father: Vicente Bacatio Arcayan
Mother: Lorna Milian Arcayan
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Purok 5, Guilawa, Malangas, Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020
 48

Junior High School

Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2018

Elementary School
La Dicha Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Name: Hannah M. Castañeros

Birthdate: April 5, 2002
Birthplace: Malangas, Zamboanga Sibugay
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Father: Arsenio M. Castañeros
Mother: Elenita M. Castañeros
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Poblacion Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020
 49

Junior High School

Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2018

Elementary School
Diplahan Central Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Kindergarten
Diplahan Alliance Learning System
Completed: 2008

Name: Arnel Hernando Guardario

Birthdate: August 7, 1998
Birthplace: Guilawa Malangas Zamboanga Sibugay
Sex: Male
Civil status: Single
Father: Avelino V. Guardario
Mother: Dioscora H. Guardario
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Barangay Guilawa Malangas Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational background

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Completed: 2020

Junior High School

 50

La Dicha National High School

Completed: 2018

Elementary School
La Dicha Elementary School
Completed: 2012

Name: Justine Kieth C. Liberto

Birthdate: July 31, 2001
Birthplace: Bliss, Buug Zamboanga Sibugay
Sex: Female
Civil status: Single
Father: Rolly Rabe Liberto
Mother: Helen Paalisbo Coot-Liberto
Religion: Seventh- Day adventist
Address: Purok 1, Bliss Buug Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background:

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020
 51

Junior High School

Mindanao State University-Laboratory high School
Completed: 2018

Elementary School
Buug Pilot Central School
Completed: 2014

Kindergarten
Buug Pilot Central School
Completed: 2008

Name: Mary Joy Limitares

Birthdate: November 26, 2001
Birthplace: Poblacion Buug Zamboanga Sibugay
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Father: Melchor M. Limitares
Mother: Adela A. Limitares
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Purok Riverside, Poblacion Kumalarang Zamboanga Del Sur

Educational Background:

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020

Junior High School

 52

Kumalarang National High School

Completed: 2018

Elementary School
Kumalarang Central Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Kindergarten School
Kumalarang Day Care Center
Completed: 2008

Name: Marian C. Namoc

Birhdate: May 20, 2001
Birtplace: Poblacion Diplahan Zamboanga Del Sur
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Father: Marcelo C. Namoc
Mother: Fely C. Namoc
Religion: The Lord’s Recovery
Address: Purok Laurel, Poblacion Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background:

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020

Junior High School

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Diplahan National High School

Completed: 2018

Elementary School
Diplahan Central Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Day Care
Diplahan Day Care Center
Completed: 2008

Name: Jeriane Joyce S. Pedrosa

Birthdate: July 12, 2001
Birthplace: Mejo, Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Father: Jerry Batan Pedrosa
Mother: Percelita Demayo Soberno-Pedrosa
Religion: Alliance
Address: Mejo, Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background:

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020

Junior High School

Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2018
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Elementary School
Kauswagan Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Day Care
Mejo Elementary School
Completed: 2008

Name: Angel Bert A. Sumalinog

Birthdate: December 9, 2001
Birthplace: Novaliches, Quezon City
Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
Father: Norberto O. Sumalinog
Mother: Evangeline A. Sumalinog
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Guilawa, Malangas Zamboanga Sibugay

Educational Background:

Senior High School

Accountancy Business and Management
Diplahan National High School
Completed: 2020

Junior High School

La Dicha National High School
Completed: 2018
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Elementary School
La Dicha Elementary School
Completed: 2014

Kindergarten
Sta. Barbara Elementary School
Completed: 2008