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8.1 Introduction To Wireless

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141 views8 pages

8.1 Introduction To Wireless

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Thoriq Thoriq
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© © All Rights Reserved
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8.

1 Introduction to Wireless

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
Introduction to Wireless
Benefits of Wireless
• A Wireless LAN (WLAN) is a type of
wireless network that is commonly used
in homes, offices, and campus
environments.
• WLANs make mobility possible within
the home and business environments.
• Wireless infrastructures adapt to rapidly
changing needs and technologies.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
Introduction to Wireless
Types of Wireless Networks
• Wireless Personal-Area Network (WPAN) – Low power and short-range (20-30ft
or 6-9 meters). Based on IEEE 802.15 standard and 2.4 GHz frequency. Bluetooth
and Zigbee are WPAN examples.
• Wireless LAN (WLAN) – Medium sized networks up to about 300 feet. Based on
IEEE 802.11 standard and 2.4 or 5.0 GHz frequency.
• Wireless MAN (WMAN) – Large geographic area such as city or district. Uses
specific licensed frequencies.
• Wireless WAN (WWAN) – Extensive geographic area for national or global
communication. Uses specific licensed frequencies.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
Introduction to Wireless
Wireless Technologies
Bluetooth – IEEE WPAN standard used for
device pairing at up to 300ft (100m)
distance.
• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) – Supports mesh
topology to large scale network devices.

• Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Rate


(BR/EDR) – Supports point-to-point topologies
and is optimized for audio streaming.

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for


Microwave Access) – Alternative
broadband wired internet connections.
IEEE 802.16 WLAN standard for up 30
miles (50 km).

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
Introduction to Wireless
Wireless Technologies (Cont.)
Cellular Broadband – Carry both voice and
data. Used by phones, automobiles, tablets,
and laptops.
• Global System of Mobile (GSM) – Internationally
recognized

• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) –


Primarily used on the US.

Satellite Broadband – Uses directional


satellite dish aligned with satellite in
geostationary orbit. Needs clear line of site.
Typically used in rural locations where cable
and DSL are unavailable.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
Introduction to Wireless
802.11 Standards
802.11 WLAN standards define how radio frequencies are used for wireless links.
IEEE Standard Radio Frequency Description

802.11 2.4 GHz Data rates up to 2 Mb/s


802.11a 5 GHz Data rates up to 54 Mb/s
Not interoperable with 802.11b or 802.11g
802.11b 2.4 GHz Data rates up to 11 Mb/s
Longer range than 802.11a and better able to penetrate building
structures
802.11g 2.4 GHz Data rates up to 54 Mb/s
Backward compatible with 802.11b
802.11n 2.4 and 5 GHz Data rates 150 – 600 Mb/s
Require multiple antennas with MIMO technology
802.11ac 5 GHz Data rates 450 Mb/s – 1.3 Gb/s
Supports up to eight antennas
802.11ax 2.4 and 5 GHz High-Efficiency Wireless (HEW)
Capable of using 1 GHz and 7 GHz frequencies
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
Introduction to Wireless
Radio Frequencies
All wireless devices operate in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum. WLAN
networks operate in the 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands.
• 2.4 GHz (UHF) – 802.11b/g/n/ax
• 5 GHz (SHF) – 802.11a/n/ac/ax

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
Introduction to Wireless
Wireless Standards Organizations
Standards ensure interoperability between devices that are made by different
manufacturers. Internationally, the three organizations influencing WLAN standards:
• International Telecommunication Union (ITU) – Regulates the allocation of
radio spectrum and satellite orbits.
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) – Specifies how a
radio frequency is modulated to carry information. Maintains the standards for
local and metropolitan area networks (MAN) with the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN family
of standards.
• Wi-Fi Alliance – Promotes the growth and acceptance of WLANs. It is an
association of vendors whose objective is to improve the interoperability of
products that are based on the 802.11 standard

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21

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