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Additional Maths
Topics - Sequence and series
5. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 8
and the common difference is d, where d  0. The
Group-A
first term, the fifth term and the eighth term of this
1. In an arithmetic progression, the 1st term is -10,
arithmetic progression are the first term, the
the 15th term is 11 and the last term is 41.
second term and the third term, respectively, of a
Find the sum of all the terms in the progression.
geometric progression whose common ratio is r.
2. (a) A debt of $3726 is repaid by weekly payments
(i) Write down two equation connecting d and r.
which are in arithmetic progression. The first
payment is $60 and the debt is fully repaid after 48 3
Hence show that r  and find the value of d.
weeks. Find the third payment. [3] 4
(b) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric [6]
progression whose first term is 6 and whose second (ii) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric
term is 4. [3] progression. [2]
3. (a) Find the sum of all the integers between 100 (iii) Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the
and 400 that are divisible by 7. [4] arithmetic progression. [2]
(b) The first three terms in a geometric progression 6. (a) The first and second terms of an arithmetic
are 144, x and 64 respectively, where x is positive. progression are 161 and 154 respectively. The sum
Find of the first m terms is zero. Find the value of m. [3]
(i) the value of x, (b) A geometric progression, in which all the terms
(ii) the sum to infinity the progression. [5] are positive, has common ratio r. The sum of the
st
4. The 1 term of an arithmetic progression is a first n terms is less than 90% of the sum to infinity.
and the common difference is d, where d  0. Show that r n  0.1.
(i) Write down expressions, in terms of a and d, for [3]
the 5th term and the 15th term. [1]
The 1st term, the 5th term and the 15th term of the 7. A television quiz show takes place every day.
arithmetic progression are the first three terms of a On day 1 the prize money is $1000. If this is not
geometric progression. won the prize money is increased for day 2. The
(ii) Show that 3a = 8d. [3] prize money is increased in a similar way every day
(iii) Find the common ratio of the geometric until it is won. The television company considered
progression. [2] the following two different models for increasing
the prize money.
Model 1 :Increase the prize money by $1000 each day.
Model 2 : Increase the prize money by 10% each day.
On each day that the prize money is not won the
television company makes donation to charity. The
amount donated is 5% of the value of the prize on
that day. After 40 days the prize money has still no (b) The first two terms of a geometric progression
been won. Calculate the total amount donated to 1
charity are 1 and tan 2  respectively, where
3
(i) if Model 1 is used, [4]
1
(ii) if Model 2 is used. [3] 0   .
8. (a) A circle is divided into 6 sectors in such a way 2
that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic (i) Find the set of values of  for which the
progression is convergent. [2]
progression. The angle of the largest sector is 4
(ii) Find the exact value of the sum to infinity when
times the angle of the smallest sector. Given that 1
the radius of the circle is 5 cm, find the perimeter
  . [2]
6
of the smallest sector. [6] 13. (a) In an arithmetic progression, the sum, Sn, of
(b) The first, second and third terms of a geometric the first n terms is given by Sn = 2n2 + 8n. Find the
progression are 2k + 3, k + 6 and k, respectively. first term and the common difference of the
Given that all the terms of the geometric are progression. [3]
positive, calculate (b) The first 2 terms of a geometric progression are
(i) the value of the constant k, [3] 64 and 48 respectively. The first 3 terms of the
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression. [2] geometric progression are also the 1st term, the 9th
9. (a) An arithmetic progression contains 25 terms term and the nth term respectively of an arithmetic
and the first term is -15. The sum of all the terms progression. Find the value of n. [5]
in the progression is 525. Calculate 14. (a) The first, second and last terms in an
(i) the common difference of the progression, [2] arithmetic progression are 56, 53 and −22
(ii) the last term in the progression, [2] respectively.
(iii) the sum of all the positive terms in the Find the sum of all the terms in the progression. [4]
progression. [2] (b) The first, second and third terms of a geometric
(b) A college aggress a sponsorship deal in which progression are 2k + 6, 2k and k + 2 respectively,
grants will be received each year for sports where k is a positive constant.
equipment. This grant will be $4000 in 2012 and (i) Find the value of k. [3]
will increase by 5% each year. Calculate (ii) Find the sum to infinity of the progression. [2]
(i) the value of the grant in 2022, [2] 15.(a) The first term of an arithmetic progression is
(ii) the total amount the college will receive in the −2222 and the common difference is 17. Find the
years 2012 to 2022 inclusive. [2] value of the first positive term. [3]
10. (a) The first term of an arithmetic progression (b) The first term of a geometric progression is √3
is −2222 and the common difference is 17. Find the and the second term is 2 cos θ, where 0 < θ< π.
value of the first positive term. [3] Find the set of values of θ for which the progression
(b) The first term of a geometric progression is √3 is convergent. [5]
and the second term is 2 cos θ, where 0 < θ< π. 16. A water tank holds 2000 litres when full. A
Find the set of values of 1 for which the small hole in the base is gradually getting bigger so
progression is convergent. [5] that each day a greater amount of water is lost.
11. (a) The sum, S n , of the first n terms of an (i) On the first day after filling, 10 litres of water
arithmetic progression is given by are lost and this increases by 2 litres each day.
(a) How many litres will be lost on the 30th day
S n  32n  n 2 . Find the first term and the
after filling? [2]
common difference. [3]
(b) The tank becomes empty during the nth day
(b) A geometric progression in which all the terms
after filling. Find the value of n. [3]
are positive has sum to infinity 20. The sum of
(ii) Assume instead that 10 litres of water are lost
the first two terms is 12.8. Find the first term of the
on the first day and that the amount of water lost
progression. [5]
increases by 10% on each succeeding day.
12. (a) The first two terms of an arithmetic
Find what percentage of the original 2000 litres
progression are 1 and cos 2 x respectively. Show
is left in the tank at the end of the 30th day after
that the sum of the first ten terms can be expressed
filling. [4]
in the form a – b sin2 x, where a and b are constants
to be found. [3]
17. (a) An arithmetic progression has a first term 21 days. She will run x km on day 1, and on each
of 32, a 5th term of 22 and a last term of −28. Find subsequent day she will increase the distance by
the sum of all the terms in the progression. [4] 10% of the previous day’s distance. On day 21 she
(b) Each year a school allocates a sum of money will run 20 km.
for the library. The amount allocated each year (i) Find the distance she must run on day 1 in order
increases by 2.5%of the amount allocated the to achieve this. Give your answer in km correct to 1
previous year. In 2005 the school allocated $2000. decimal place. [3]
Find the total amount allocated in the years 2005 to (ii) Find the total distance she runs over the 21
2014 inclusive. [3] days. [2]
18.(a) The first two terms of an arithmetic 22. (a) Over a 21-day period an athlete prepares for
progression are 16 and 24. Find the least number a marathon by increasing the distance she runs each
of terms of the progression which must be taken day by 1.2 km. On the first day she runs 13 km.
(i) Find the distance she runs on the last day of the
for their sum to exceed 20 000. [4]
21-day period. [1]
(b) A geometric progression has a first term of 6
(ii) Find the total distance she runs in the 21-day
and a sum to infinity of 18. A new geometric period. [2]
progression is formed by squaring each of the (b) The first, second and third terms of a geometric
terms of the original progression. Find the sum to progression are x, x − 3 and x − 5 respectively.
infinity of the new progression. [4] (i) Find the value of x. [2]
(ii) Find the fourth term of the progression. [2]
19. The first term of a progression is 4x and the
(iii)Find the sum to infinity of theprogression. [2]
second term is x 2 .
(i) For the case where the progression is arithmetic
with a common difference of 12, find the possible
values of x and the corresponding values of the Group-B
third term. [4]
(ii) For the case where the progression is geometric 1. The common ratio of a geometric progression is
with a sum to infinity of 8, find the third term. [4] 0.99. Express the sum of the first 100 terms as a
percentage of the sum to infinity, giving your
20. A ball is such that when it is dropped from a
height of 1 metre it bounces vertically from the answer correct to 2 significant figures. [5]
ground to a height of 0.96 metres. It continues to 2. A small trading company made a profit of
bounce on the ground and each time the height the $250 000 in the year 2000. The company considered
ball reaches is reduced. Two different models, A
two different plans, plan A and plan B, for
and B, describe this.
Model A : The height reached is reduced by 0.04 increasing its profits. Under plant A the annual
metres each time the ball bounces. profit would increase each year by 5% of its value
in the preceding year. Find, for plan A,
Model B : The height reached is reduced by 4%
(i) the profit for the year 2008, [3]
each time the ball bounces.
(ii) the total profit for the 10 years 2000 to 2009
(i) Find the total distance travelled vertically (up inclusive. [2]
and down) by the ball from the 1st time it hits the Under plan B, the annual profit would increase
ground until it hits the ground for the 21st time, each year by a constant amount $D.
(a) using model A, [3] (iii) Find the value of D for which the total profit
(b) using model B. [3] for the 10 years 2000 to 2009 inclusive would be the
same for both plans. [3]
(ii) Show that, under model B, even if there is no
3. Each year a company gives a grant to a charity.
limit to the number of times the ball bounces, the
The amount given each year increases by 5% of its
total vertical distance travelled after the first time value in the preceding year. The grant in 2001 was
it hits the ground cannot exceed 48 metres. [2] $5000. Find
21 . A runner who is training for a long-distance (i) the grant given in 2011, [3]
race plans to run increasing distances each day for
(ii) the total amount of money given to the charity (ii) Given that the first term of R is 4, find the sum
during the years 2001 to 2011 inclusive. [2] of the first three of R. [3]
4. (a) A geometric progression has a second term of 10. (a) An athlete runs the first mile of a marathon
12 and a sum to infinity of 54. Find the possible in 5 minutes. His speed reduces in such a way that
values of the first term of the progression. [4] each mile takes 12 seconds longer than the
(b) The nth term of a progression is p + qn, where preceding mile.
p and q are constants, and Sn is the sum of the first (i) Given that the nth mile takes 9 minutes, find the
n terms. value of n. [2]
(i) Find an expression, in terms of p, q and n, for Sn. [3] (ii) Assuming that the length of the marathon is 26
(ii) Given that S4= 40 and S6= 72, find the values of miles, find the total time, in hours and minutes, to
p and q. [2] complete the marathon. [2]
5. (a) Find the sum to infinity of the geometric (b) The second and third terms of a geometric
progression with first three terms 0.5, 0.53 and 0.55. [3] progression are 48 and 32 respectively. Find the
(b) The first two terms in an arithmetic sum to infinity of the progression. [4]
progression are 5 and 9. The last term in the 11. (a) In a geometric progression, all the terms are
progression is the only term which is greater than positive, the second term is 24 and the fourth term
200. Find the sum of all the terms in the 1
is 13 . Find
progression. [4] 2
6. (a) Find the sum of all the multiples of 5 between (i) the first term, [3]
100 and 300 inclusive. [3] (ii) the sum to infinity of the progression. [2]
(b) A geometric progression has a common ratio (b) A circle is divided into n sectors in such a way
2 that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
of  and the sum of the first 3 terms is 35. Find
3 progression. The smallest two angles are 30 and
(i) the first term of the progression, [3]
5 0 . Find the value of n.
(ii) the sum to infinity. [2]
[4]
7. (a) A geometric progression has first term 100
12. The 1st 2nd and 3rd terms of a geometric
and sum to infinity 2000. Find the second term. [3]
progression are the 1st, 9th and 21st terms
(b) An arithmetic progression has third term 90
respectively of an arithmetic progression. The 1st
and fifth term 80.
(i) Find the first term and the common difference. [2] term of each progression is 8 and the common ratio
(ii) Find the value of m given that the sum of the of the geometric progression is r, where r  1 .
first m terms is equal to the sum of the first (m + 1) Find
terms. [2] (i) the value of r, [4]
(iii) Find the value of n given that the sum of first n (ii) the 4th term of each progression. [3]
terms is zero. [2] 13.The first term in a progression is 36 and the
8. (i) A geometric progression has first term second term is 32.
a ( a  0) , common ratio r and sum to infinity S. (i) Given that the progression is geometric, find the
sum to infinity. [2]
A second geometric progression has first term a,
(ii) Given instead that the progression is arithmetic,
common ratio 2r and sum to infinity 3S. Find the
find the number of terms in the progression if the
value of r. [3] sum of all the terms is 0. [3]
(ii) An arithmetic progression has first term 7. The 14.(a) The third and fourth terms of a geometric
nth term is 84 and the (3n)the term is 245. Find the 1 2
progression are and respectively. Find the
value of n. [4] 3 9
9. Three geometric progression, P, Q and R, are sum to infinity of the progression. [4]
such that their sums to infinity are the first three (b) A circle is divided into 5 sectors in such a way
terms respectively of an arithmetic progression. that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
1 1 progression. Given that the angle of the largest
Progression P is 2, 1, , ,…
2 4 sector is 4 times the angle of the smallest sector,
1 1
Progression Q is 3, 1, , find the angle of the largest sector. [4]
3 9
(i) Find the sum to infinity of progression R. [3]
15. (a) Two convergent geometric progressions, P week. Scheme A is to increase the amount of waste
and Q, have the same sum to infinity. The first and recycled each month by 0.16 tonnes. Scheme B is to
second terms of P are 6 and 6r respectively. The increase the amount of waste recycled each month
by 6% of the amount recycled in the previous
first and second terms of Q are 12 and −12r
month. The proposal is to operate the scheme for a
respectively. Find the value of the common sum to
period of 24 months. The amount recycled in the
infinity. [3] first month is 2.5 tonnes. For each scheme, find the
(b) The first term of an arithmetic progression is total amount of waste that would be recycled over
cos  and the second term is cos + sin2 ,where the 24-month period. [5]
Scheme A
0≤  ≤ . The sum of the first 13 terms is 52. Scheme B
Find the possible values of . [5]
16.The common ratio of a geometric progression is
r. The first term of the progression is (r2− 3r + 2)
and the sum to infinity is S.
(i) Show that S = 2 − r. [2]
ANSWER : Group-A
(ii) Find the set of possible values that S can take. [2]
1. 542.5; 2. (a) $61.50, (b) 18;
17. A geometric progression has first term 3a and
common ratio r. A second geometric progression 3. (a) 10836, (b) (i) 96, (ii) 432;
has first term a and common ratio −2r. The two
progressions have the same sum to infinity. 4. (i) T5  a  4d , T15  a  14d , (iii)
Find the value of r. [3]
(b) The first two terms of an arithmetic 2.5;
progression are 15 and 19 respectively. The first
1
two terms of a second arithmetic progression are 5. (i) 8 + 4d = 8r, 8  7d  8r 2 , d   ,
2
420 and 415 respectively. The two progressions
have the same sum of the first n terms. Find the (ii) 32, (iii) 50; 6. (a) 47;
value of n. [3]
18. (a)Each year, the value of a certain rare stamp 7. (i) $41000, (ii) $22129.63;
increases by 5% of its value at the beginning of the 8. (a) 12.1 cm, (b) (i) 12, (ii) 81;
year. A collector bought the stamp for $10 000 at
the beginning of 2005. Find its value at the 9. (a) (i) 3, (ii) 57, (iii) 570, (b)
beginning of 2015 correct to the nearest $100. [2]
(i) 6515.58, (ii) 56827.15;
(b) The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic
10. (a) 5, (b) π/6 < θ< 5π/6.;
1
progression is n(3n  7) . Find the 1st term
2 11. (a) d = -2, (b) a = 8.;
and the common difference of the progression.
1
[4] 12. (a) 10 – 45sin2 x, (b)(i) 0     (ii)
19. The first term of a geometric progression is
3

1 1 1.125;
5 and the fourth term is 2 . Find
3 4 13. (a) a= 10, d= 4 (b) n = 15;
(i) the common ratio, [3]
(ii) the sum to infinity. [2] 14. (a) 459, (b) (i) k=6, (ii)54;
20 . (a) The third and fourth terms of a geometric
15. (a) 5, (b) π/6 < θ< 5π/6.;
progression are 48 and 32 respectively.
Find the sum to infinity of the progression. [3] 16. (i) (a) 68, (b) n = 41, (ii) 17.75;
(b) Two schemes are proposed for increasing the
17. (a) 50, (b) 22400; 18. (a) 70, (b) 324/5;
amount of household waste that is recycled each
19. (i) x = -2 or 6, 16 & 48, (ii) 16/27;
20.(i) (a) 23.2, (b) 26.8, (ii) 48; 21.(i) 3.0 , (ii) 192 ;

22.(i) 37 , (ii) 525 , (b) (i) a =9 , (ii) 2.67 , (iii) 27 ;

Group-B
1.0.63;
2. (i) $369364, (ii) $3144473, (iii) $14322;
3. (i) $8144, (ii) $71034;
n
4.(a)a= 18 or 36 (b) (i)  2 p  q  nq  (ii) p = 5,
2
q=2;
2
5. (a) , (b) 5150; 6. (a) 8200, (b) (i) 45, (ii) 27;
3
7. (a) 95, (b) (i) t = 100, d = -5, (ii) 20, (iii) 41;
2
8. (i) r  , (ii) n = 23; 9. (i) 5, (ii) 4.96;
5
10.(a) (i) n = 21, (ii) 3 hours 15 minutes, (b)216;
11. (a)(i) a = 32, (ii) 128, (iii)18;

3
12. (i) r  , (ii) 9.5; 13. (i) 324, (ii) n = 19;
2
9
14. (a) , (b) 115.2o; 15. (a) 9, (b)  = 0.841 ,
4

2
;
3
2
16. (ii) 1 < S< 3; 17. (i) r   , (ii) n = 91;
7
18. (a) $ 16300 , (b) a = 5, d = 3;
3 64
19. (i) r  , s  ;
4 3
20.(a) 324 , (b) 127 ;