Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir

Assignment – Limits and Derivatives

Class – XI
Basic concepts :-

When mathematical failure of a given expression takes place at a point

a , limit is a by pass method of getting the value on y – axis,
corresponding to the point x = a , at which failure occurred .
h in calculus is used to represent infinitesimal number . It is a positive
number approaching to zero i.e. h ≈ 0 and h > 0 . If it is added to
some number a , the result is (a+h) , a number in the right hand of a
and for h⟶ 0 , f (a+h) is said to be right hand limit of f(x) and
written as lim𝑕→0 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑕), similarly lim𝑕→0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑕) is called left
hand limit . If at a point a , left hand limit and right hand limits
exist and are equal , then we say that at that point limit exists.
Theorems on limit :-

(i) Lim ( f1+ f2 + …………. + fn ) = lim f1 + lim f2 + lim f3 + ……+ lim fn

(ii) Lim (f1 x f2 x f3 x ……….x fn ) = lim f1 x lim f2 x lim f3 x ……x lim fn

(iii) Lim k [ f (x) ] = k lim f(x)

𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑓
(iv) Lim = , where lim g ≠ 0
𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑔

Indeterminate forms : There are 7 indeterminate forms

0 ∞
(i) (ii) (iii) ∞ - ∞ (iv) ∞ . 0 (v) 00 (vi) ∞0 (vii) 1∞
0 ∞

Limiting value is calculated by the following methods :-

(i) Factorization method (ii) Rationalisation method
𝑥 𝑛 −𝑎 𝑛
(iii) standard formula:- lim𝑥→𝑎 = n. 𝑎𝑛 −1 , n is a rational number .
𝑥−𝑎
(iv) Trigonometric results
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
lim𝑥→0 =1
𝑥

Problems : - Q- 1 Find the following limits :

3
10−𝑥 −2 𝑝+𝑥− 𝑝−𝑥
(i) lim𝑥→2 (ii) lim𝑥→0
𝑥−2 𝑞+𝑥− 𝑞−𝑥

𝜋
1−cos 𝑥 sin (𝑥− )
6
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) lim𝑥→0 (iv) lim 𝑥→
𝜋
𝑥2 6 (
3
−cos 𝑥)
2

𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑦 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 −𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

(v) lim𝑥→𝑦 (vi) lim𝑥→0
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑥−𝑎

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
(vii) lim𝑥→0 (viii) lim𝑥→1
𝑥2 𝑥 3 −7𝑥+6

𝐺 𝑋 −𝐺(1) 𝑥 1/6 −2
(ix) lim𝑥→1 where G(x) = - 25 − 𝑥 2 (x) lim𝑥→64 1
𝑋−1
𝑥3 − 4

(1+𝑥)𝑛 −3𝑛 1 𝑥
(xi) lim𝑥→2 (xii) lim𝑥→1 ( - )
𝑥 −2 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑥 3 −1
5 5
(𝑥+2)2 −(𝑎+2)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑎𝑥
(xiii) lim𝑥→𝑎 (xiv) lim𝑥→0
𝑥−𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑏𝑥

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +4𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥−3𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥

(xv) lim𝑥→0 (xvi) lim𝑥→0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

Q-2 Does lim𝑥→0 𝑥 exists ?

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥
Q-3 Evaluate (i) lim𝑥→0 1 (ii) lim𝑥→0
𝑥
𝑥

Q-4 Evaluate lim𝑥→𝜋 tan 𝑥

2

Q-5 Check that the following limits exists or not ,

𝑥
(i) x |x| at x = 0 (ii) f(x) = 𝑥 if x ≠ 0
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
 𝑥 𝑛 −3𝑛
Q-6 If lim𝑥→3 = 108 and n ∊ N , find n.
𝑥−3

𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1/2
Q-7 Let f(x) = 0, 𝑥 = 1/2
1
𝑥−1, <𝑥 ≤1
2
Show that lim𝑥→1 𝑓 𝑥 does not exist .
2

Q-8 Find k so that lim𝑥⟶2 𝑓(𝑥) exist where

4𝑥 − 5 , 𝑥 ≤ 2
f(x) =
𝑥−𝑘, 𝑥 >2
𝑥− 𝑥
Q-9 If f(x) = 𝑥 , x≠0
2 , 𝑥=0
show that lim𝑥→0 𝑓 𝑥 does not exist .

First principle of derivatives ( ab – initio method )

𝑓 𝑥+𝑕 −𝑓(𝑥)
𝐹 ˈ (x) = lim𝑕→0
𝑕

The differentiation of y = f (x) at x = a implies the existence of tangent

at x= a ,

A function is differentiable at x = a , if it is smooth

( i.e. there is no sharp edge )

Q10- Find the derivative of the following functions by using

definition .
1
(i) (ii) sin𝑥 2
𝑥+𝑎

1
(iii) 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 (iv)
2𝑥−3

(v) sin(2x+1) (vi) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑘𝑥

(vii) tan(ax+b) (viii) sin 𝑥

(ix) tan 𝑥 (x) cot(3x-2)

 cos ⁡
(2𝑥+3)
(xi) 𝑥 −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 (xii)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑥3 5
(xiii) -2 𝑥 +
3 𝑥2

Q11- If for f(x) = λ𝑥 2 + 𝜇𝑥 + 12 , 𝑓ˈ(4) = 15 and fˈˈ(2) = 11 , then find

λ and μ .

Q-12 Find the derivative of the following functions :

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
(i) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (ii)
𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥

𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
(iii) a 𝑥 + 𝑏 + (iv)
𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒𝑥
(v) (vi)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑒𝑥− 𝑥 𝑒𝑥
(vii) (viii) 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
(ix) (x) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

1 𝑞 1
Answers :- Q 1. (i) - (ii) (iii) (iv) 2 (v) 1 (vi) sina – a cosa
12 𝑝 2

3 1 1 1 1
(vii) (viii) - (ix) - (x) (xi) n. 3n-1 (xii) -
2 2 2 6 4 9
3
5 𝑎2 1
(xiii) (a + 2) 2 (xiv) (xv) (xvi) - 16 Q-2 no Q-3 (i) 0 (ii)
2 𝑏2 2
∞ Q- 4 limit does not exist Q-5 (i) yes (ii) no Q-6 n = 4 Q-8 k = - 1
1 2
Q-10 (i) (ii) 2x cos𝑥 2 (iii) 2xcosx - 𝑥 2 sinx (iv) -
2 𝑥+𝑎 (2𝑥−3)2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
(v) 2cos(2x+1) (vi) 2k tankx 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑘𝑥 (vii) a 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (ax + b) (viii)
2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
(ix) (x) - 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3𝑥 − 2)
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

3𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 .𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥+3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 .cos 2𝑥+3

(xi) - (xii)
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥

1 10
(xiii) 𝑥 2 - -
𝑥 𝑥3
 Q-11 λ = 1 , μ = 7 (12) (i) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 𝑛 +𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 . 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 −1 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ) 𝑎 𝑐
(ii) (iii) − 𝑥 −3/2
(𝑥 𝑛 +𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 )2 2 𝑥 2

2 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
(iv) – 2cotx cosec2x (v) (vi)
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )2

𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 .𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

(vii) (ix)
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥 (𝑥 2 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
(x)
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥