Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX041a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 4

Title Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

Eurocode Ref
Made by Z. Sokol Date Jan 2006
Checked by F. Wald Date Jan 2006

Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam

using graphs
This worked example covers the fire design of a hot-rolled IPE section
forming part of floor structure of an office building. The beam is uniformly
loaded and restrained against lateral torsional buckling by the presents of a
concrete slab supported on the top flange. The beam is to be designed to
achieve R15 fire resistance without the use of fire protection material. In
this worked example thermal actions are determined using SD002.
q
g

l = 7,4 m
Figure 1: Static system

Basic data
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Material properties
Steel grade: S 275
Yield stress: fy = 275 N/mm²
Density: ρa = 7850 kg/m³

Loads
Permanent action:
gk = 4,8 kN m-1
Variable action:
qk = 7,8 kN m-1

Mechanical actions at normal temperature EN 1991-1-1

The characteristic value of the load is

vk = g k + qk = 4,8 + 7,8 = 12,60 kN/m

The design value of the load is

vd = g k γG + qk γQ = 4,8 ⋅1,35 + 7,8 ⋅1,5 = 18,18 kN/m
Created on Friday, September 19, 2008
Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX041a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 4

Title Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

Eurocode Ref
Made by Z. Sokol Date Jan 2006
Checked by F. Wald Date Jan 2006

The applied bending moment and shear force are given by:
1 1
M Ed = vd l 2 = ⋅18,18 ⋅ 7,4 2 = 124,4 kNm
8 8
1 1
VEd = vd l = ⋅18,18 ⋅ 7,4 = 67,3 kN
2 2

Design at normal temperature

The IPE 300 section is a Class 1 section in bending. EN 1993-1-1

§5.5
tf
r=15
tw =7,1
h=300
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tf =10,7
b=150
Figure 2: Cross-section

The section is checked at ULS at normal temperature. The concrete slab is

assumed to provide full lateral restraint to the beam; therefore, lateral-
torsional instability does not need to be taken into account.
Bending moment resistance:
Wpl, y f y 628,4 ⋅103 ⋅ 275
M pl, Rd = = = 172,8 kNm > 124,4 kNm = M Sd OK EN 1993-1-1
γM0 1,0 §6.2.5
Shear resistance:
AV, z f y 2 568 ⋅ 275 EN 1993-1-1
Vpl, Rd = = = 407,7 kN > 67,3 kN = VSd OK
3 γM0 3 ⋅1,0 §6.2.6

Serviceability Limit State:

5 vk l 4 5 12,60 ⋅ 7 400 4 l
δ= = = 28, 0 mm < 29, 6 mm = OK
384 E I y 384 210 000 ⋅ 83,56 ⋅10 6 250
Created on Friday, September 19, 2008

(Deflection limits are given either in a national annex or in other national

documents. This limit is a typical value)
The section is satisfactory at room temperature.
Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX041a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 4

Title Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

Eurocode Ref
Made by Z. Sokol Date Jan 2006
Checked by F. Wald Date Jan 2006

Design in the fire situation

Mechanical actions for the fire design situation

The reduction factor for the design load level is equal to

g k + ψ1,1 qk 4,8 + 0,3 ⋅ 7,8 EN1991-1-2
η fi = = = 0,393 §4.3.2
g k γ G + qk γ Q 4,8 ⋅ 1,35 + 7 ,8 ⋅1,5

Where the ψ factor is taken as ψ1,1 = 0,3 for office buildings

The section factor for the hot-rolled section is taken from SD004. The box SD004
section factor for an unprotected beam exposed on three sides is equal to
⎛ Am ⎞ −1
⎜ ⎟ = 139 m
⎝ V ⎠b
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The exposed perimeter is indicated by the dashed line on Figure 3.

The shadow effect is considered by modifying the section factor as follows.
⎛ Am ⎞ ⎛A ⎞ −1
⎜ ⎟ = 0,9 ⋅ ⎜ m ⎟ = 0,9 ⋅ 139 = 125 m .
⎝ V ⎠ sh ⎝ V ⎠b

Figure 3: Evaluation of (Am/V)b factor

Verification in the time domain

The adaptation factor EN1993-1-2

κ1 = 0,7 §4.2.3.3

is used for an unprotected beam exposed to fire on three sides

The adaptation factor

κ2 = 1,0
Created on Friday, September 19, 2008

is used for simply supported beam.

e
E x a m p l e : F i r e d e s

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX041a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 4

t
i

Title Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

p

Eurocode Ref
r

Made by Z. Sokol Date Jan 2006

e

Checked by F. Wald Date Jan 2006

y

The fire resistance can be checked using the design data given in SD004, as
S
p

reproduced in Figure 4.

θa,cr [°C] Am / V , ( Am / V )b [m -1 ]
SD004
o

250 100 60 40 30 25 20 15 10
800
200
(derived
150
from
,
c

700
EN1993-1-2)
y

600

500
a
s

400
d
i

300
i

200
r
l

100

t [min]
0
F
a

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120

Figure 4: Nomogram for the simplified prediction of the fire resistance

i

The degree of utilization for the beam is given by: EN1993-1-2

μ 0 = η fi κ1 κ 2 = 0,393 ⋅ 0,7 ⋅1,0 = 0,275 §4.2.4(4)
n
r

The critical temperature is given by EN1993-1-2

o
e

⎛ 1 ⎞ §4.2.4(2)
θ a,cr = 39,19 ln ⎜⎜ − 1⎟⎟ + 482 =
⎝ 0,9674 μ 0
3,833
⎠
t

⎛ 1 ⎞
= 39,19 ⋅ ln ⎜ − 1⎟ + 482 = 677°C
d
a

⎝ 0,9674 ⋅ 0,275
3,833
⎠
The fire resistance period predicted using Figure 4 is equal to 17 min
e
m

This exceeds the required fire resistance R15.

t

Therefore, the fire resistance of the section is satisfactory without applied

protection.
a
s
e
i
h
r
C
T
Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

Example: Fire design of an unprotected beam using graphs

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Reference(s)

ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

Name Company Date

Created by Z. Sokol CTU Prague

Technical content checked by F. Wald CTU Prague

Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SCI 9/6/06

2. France A Bureau CTICM 9/6/06

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 9/6/06

4. Germany C Müller RWTH 9/6/06

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

5. Spain J Chica Labein 9/6/06

6. Luxembourg M Haller PARE 9/6/06

Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 12/9/06

Coordinator
Created on Friday, September 19, 2008

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