GRADE 10

MATHEMATICS
Module Number 7
Date of Implementation:
At the end of this module, the student should be able to:

1. Prove theorems related to congruent chords and their corresponding arcs;

2. Complete the missing data in the two-column proof to prove theorem on chords
perpendicular to a diameter;
3. Solve problems related to the theorem on chords and their corresponding arcs and a chord
perpendicular to a diameter; and
4. Display appreciation on the application of the theorem through active involvement in
answering all the activities.

Proving Theorems on Chords of a Circle

1
 The Perpendicular to a Chord Theorem: If a line (or line segment) is drawn from the
center of the circle perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord.

Given: OC
´ ⊥ AB
´

Prove: OC
´ bisect AB
´

Statement Reasons
´ ⊥ AB
1. OC ´ Given
2. ∠ ODA and ∠ ODB are right angles. Definition of Perpendicular lines
3. ∠ ODA ≅ ∠ ODB All right angles are congruent.
´ and OB
4. Draw OA ´ Line Postulate
5. ∆ ODA and ∆ ODB are right triangles. Definition of Right Triangle

´ ≅ OB
´ (Hypotenuse) Radii of a circle or congruent circle are
6. OA
congruent.
´ ≅ OD
7. OD ´ (Leg) Reflexive Property
8. ∆ ODA ≅ ∆ ODB HL Theorem

´ ≅ BD
´ Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
9. AD
are congruent (CPCTC).
10. D is the midpoint of AB
´ Definition of Midpoint
´ bisects AB
11. OC ´ Definition of Bisector

Theorem: If a line (or line segment) through the center bisects a chord other than a
diameter, then it is perpendicular to the chord.

2
 Given: OC
´ bisect AB
´

Prove:OC
´ ⊥ AB
´

Statement Reasons
1. OC ´
´ bisect AB Given
´ ≅ BD
2. AD ´ Definition of Bisector
´ ≅ OD
3. OD ´ Reflexive Property
´ and OB
4. Draw OA ´ Line Postulate
´ ≅ OB
5. OA ´ Radii of a circle are congruent.
6. ∆ ODA ≅ ∆ ODB SSS postulate
Corresponding parts of congruent
7. ∠ ODA ≅ ∠ ODB
triangles are congruent (CPCTC).
8. ∠ ODA and∠ ODB form a linear pair. Definition of Linear Pair
9. ∠ ODA and∠ ODB are supplementary. Linear Pair Postulate
If two angles are congruent and form
10. ∠ ODA and∠ ODB are right
linear pair, then each angles is a right
triangles.
angle.
´ ⊥ AB
11. OC ´ Definition of Perpendicular Lines

´
1. If AG=24 ´ ?
cm, what is AC

If a line (or line segment) is drawn from the center of the circle
perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord.
3
 ´ is perpendicular to chord AC
OB ´ then it bisects AC
´ at point G.

´ is half of AC
This means that AG ´ .

´ measures 48 cm.
Then AC

´
2. If AC=38 ´ ?
cm, what is GC

If a line (or line segment) is drawn from the center of the circle
perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord.
´ is perpendicular to chord AC
OB ´ then it bisects AC
´ at point G.

´ is half of AC
This means that GC ´ .

´ measures 19 cm.
Then GC

´
3. If CG=42 ´ ?
cm, what is AC

If a line (or line segment) is drawn from the center of the circle
perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord.
´ is perpendicular to chord AC
OB ´ then it bisects AC
´ at point G.

´ is half of AC
This means that CG ´ .

´ measures 84 cm.
Then AC

´
4. If OA=5 ´
cm, and OG=3 ´ ?
 cm, what is CG

´ is perpendicular to chord AC
OB ´ then it bisects AC
´ at point G.
This means that ∆ AGOis a right triangle.
´ , we need to solve for AG
To find CG ´ because they are congruent.
´ when need to use Pythagorean formula. a 2+b 2=c 2
To solve for AG

4
To solve for AG´ when need to use Pythagorean formula. a 2+b 2=c 2
The radius is our Hypotenuse
Then we’ll have AG2 + OG 2= AO2
AG2 = AO2 −OG2
AG=√ AO 2−OG 2
AG=√ 52−32
AG=√ 25−9
AG=√ 16
´
CG= ´ = 4 cm.
AG

´
5. If OG=6 ´
cm, and AC=16 ´ ?
 cm , what is BG

AG2 + OG 2= AO2
AO2= AG2 +OG 2
AO=√ AG 2 +OG2
AO=√ 82 +62
AO=√ 64+36
AO=√ 100
AO=10

´ AO−
BG= ´ OG
´
´
BG=10−6
´
BG=4

5
 The steps of the two-column proof of parts 1 and 2 of the theorem which state that “In a
circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding
chords are congruent” are discussed in this section.

Part 1.
E
Given: ⨀ R ≅ ⨀ M
´ ≅ OP
AE ´ M
O
Prove: ^ ^
AE ≅ OP R
A P

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ⨀ R ≅ ⨀ M 1. Given
´ ≅ OP
AE ´
´ ≅ MO
2. ℜ́≅ RA ´ ≅ MP´ 2. Radii of the same circle or of congruent circles are
congruent
3. ∆ ARE ≅ ∆ OMP 3. SSS Postulate
4. ∠ ARE ≅ ∠OMP 4. Corresponding Parts of congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)
5. From the previous theorem, “ In a circle or in
5. ^ ^
AE ≅ OP congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if
and only if their corresponding central angles are
congruent

Part 2. E

M O
Given: ⨀ R ≅ ⨀ M
^
AE ≅ OP
^
R
´ ≅ OP
Prove: AE ´ A P

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1.⨀ R ≅ ⨀ M 1. Given
^
AE ≅ OP
^
2.m ^
AE=m OP ^ 2.Definition of congruent arcs
3. ∠ ARE and ∠ OMP are 3. Definition of Central Angles
central angles
4. m∠ ARE=m ^ AE 4. The degree measure of the minor arc is
6
 ^
m∠OMP=m OP the measure of the central angle which
intercepts the arc.
5. m∠ ARE=m∠ OMP 5. From 2,4, substitution
´ ≅ MO
6. ℜ́≅ RA ´ ≅ MP
´ 6. Radii of the same circle or of congruent
circles are congruent
7. ∆ ARE ≅ ∆ OMP 7. SAS Postulate
´ ≅ OP
8. AE ´ 8. Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)

A. Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before each number. Use the given figures as your reference and then
answer the question that follows.

7
11-15. Short Essay. What seems to be the relationship between an inscribed angle and its
intercepted arc? How about central angle and inscribed angle?

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KARMA

8
 A circle is a simple closed shape. It is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance
from a given point, the center.

1. How can we relate Karma and circle?

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2. What principle can we get from the quotation? “The word is circula. Everything comes
back to you.”
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 Villareal, A. A., & Gestoso, G. S. (2017). Mathematics 10: A spiral approach explanations,

examples, exercises. Educational Resources Corporation.
 Rivera, J. D. (2019). The world of mathematics and beyond. Quezon City: Brilliant Creations
Publishing, Inc.
 Lopez, A. G., & Recio, R. R. (2014). Conceptual math and beyond 10 (K to 12 edition). Quezon
City: Brilliant Creations Publishing.
 Oronse, O.A. & Mendoza, M.O. (2015). E-math 10. Rex Book Store.
 Esparrago, M.S., et al. (2015). Next century mathematics 10. Phoenix Publishing House.
 Carampil, Joel I. "Module 5: Proving Theorems Related to Chords, Arcs, Central Angles, and
Inscribed Angles DepEd Bukidnon.