Q1.

(a) Propanone can be formed when glucose comes into contact with bacteria in the
absence of air.

(i) Balance the following equation for this reaction of glucose to form propanone,
carbon dioxide and water.

.......C6H12O6 .......CH3COCH3 + .......CO2 + .......H2O

(1)

(ii) Deduce the role of the bacteria in this reaction.

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(1)

(b) Propanone is also formed by the oxidation of propan−2−ol.

(i) Write an equation for this reaction using [O] to represent the oxidising agent.

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(1)

(ii) State the class of alcohols to which propan−2−ol belongs.

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(1)

(c) A student determined a value for the enthalpy change when a sample of propanone
was burned. The heat produced was used to warm some water in a copper
calorimeter.
The student found that the temperature of 150 g of water increased by 8.0 °C when
4.50 × 10−3 mol of pure propanone was burned in air.

Use the student’s results to calculate a value, in kJ mol−1, for the enthalpy change
when one mole of propanone is burned.
(The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K−1 g−1)

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(d) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion.

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(e) Use the mean bond enthalpy data in the table and the equation given below the
table to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy change when gaseous
propanone is burned.

C−H C−C C−O O−H C=O O=O

Mean bond 412 348 360 463 805 496

enthalpy / kJ mol−1

CH3COCH3(g) + 4O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

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 (f) Suggest two reasons why the value obtained by the student in part (c) is different
from the value calculated in part (e).

Reason 1 ........................................................................................................

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(2)
(Total 15 marks)

Q2.A value for the enthalpy of combustion of an alcohol can be determined using the apparatus
shown in the diagram. The calorimeter is held in position by a clamp.

This experiment can be repeated by using a different volume of water that would result in
a more accurate value for the enthalpy of combustion because there would be a reduction
in the heat lost.

State a change in the volume of water that would cause a reduction in heat loss and
explain your answer.

Change in volume: ..................................................................................................

Explanation: ............................................................................................................

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(Total 2 marks)

Q3.The figure below shows apparatus used in an experiment to determine the enthalpy of
combustion of leaf alcohol.

The alcohol is placed in a spirit burner and weighed. The burner is lit and the alcohol
allowed to burn for a few minutes. The flame is extinguished and the burner is re-weighed.
The temperature of the water is recorded before and after heating.

The following table shows the results obtained.

Initial mass of spirit burner and alcohol / g 56.38

Final mass of spirit burner and alcohol / g 55.84

Initial temperature of water / °C 20.7

Final temperature of water / °C 40.8

(a) Write an equation for the complete combustion of leaf alcohol

(CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH2OH).

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(1)

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 (b) Use the results from the table above to calculate a value for the enthalpy of
combustion of leaf alcohol. Give units in your answer.
(The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K−1 g−1)

Enthalpy of combustion = ......................... Units = .........................

(4)

(c) State how your answer to part (b) is likely to differ from the value quoted in
reference sources.
Give one reason for your answer.

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(d) A 50.0 g sample of water was used in this experiment.

Explain how you could measure out this mass of water without using a balance.

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 (2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q4.Ethanol is an important fuel.

(a) A dilute aqueous solution of ethanol can be produced by the fermentation of an

aqueous solution of glucose.
It is claimed that the ethanol obtained from this solution is a carbon-neutral biofuel.

Write an equation for this fermentation reaction.

Give two other essential conditions for this reaction to produce a good yield of
ethanol.

Name a process used to produce a much more concentrated solution of ethanol

from a dilute aqueous solution.

State the meaning of the term carbon-neutral in the context of this biofuel.

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(b) A student carried out a laboratory experiment to determine the enthalpy change
when a sample of ethanol was burned. The heat produced was used to warm some

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 water in a copper calorimeter. The student found that the temperature of 75.0 g of
water increased by 5.50 °C when 2.40 × 10–3 mol of pure ethanol was burned in air.

Use the student’s results to calculate a value, in kJ mol–1, for the enthalpy change
when one mole of ethanol is burned.
(The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K–1 g–1)

Deduce two reasons why the student’s value for the standard enthalpy of
combustion of ethanol is different from a Data Book value of –1279 kJ mol–1.

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(c) Mean bond enthalpies can be used to calculate enthalpies of reaction.

(i) Give the meaning of the term mean bond enthalpy.

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 (2)

(ii) Consider the mean bond enthalpy data in the following table.

C—H C—C C—O O=O C=O O—H

Mean bond enthalpy / to be

412 348 360 805 463
kJ mol–1 calculated

Use the data in the table above and the equation shown to calculate a value
for the bond enthalpy for the O=O double bond in an oxygen molecule.

CH3CH2OH(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) ΔH = –1279 kJ mol–1

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(3)
(Total 15 marks)

Q5.A 5.00 g sample of potassium chloride was added to 50.0 g of water initially at 20.0 °C. The
mixture was stirred and as the potassium chloride dissolved, the temperature of the
solution decreased.

(a) Describe the steps you would take to determine an accurate minimum temperature
that is not influenced by heat from the surroundings.

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(4)

(b) The temperature of the water decreased to 14.6 °C.

Calculate a value, in kJ mol−1, for the enthalpy of solution of potassium chloride.

You should assume that only the 50.0 g of water changes in temperature and that
the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K−1 g−1.
Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

Enthalpy of solution = ............................... kJ mol−1

(4)

(c) The enthalpy of solution of calcium chloride is −82.9 kJ mol−1.

The enthalpies of hydration for calcium ions and chloride ions are −1650 and
−364 kJ mol−1, respectively.

Use these values to calculate a value for the lattice enthalpy of dissociation of
calcium chloride.

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 Lattice enthalpy of dissociation = ............................... kJ mol−1
(2)

(d) Explain why your answer to part (c) is different from the lattice enthalpy of
dissociation for magnesium chloride.

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(2)
(Total 12 marks)

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