Cartooning For Peace Report Situation Cartoonists 2016 - 2017

REPORT ON THE SITUATION
OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE
2016/2017
CARTOONING FOR PEACE
REPORT ON THE SITUATION

OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE
2016/2017
This report was drafted with the support of the European Union.
The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Cartooning for Peace
and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.
Copyright © 2017 Cartooning for Peace all rights reserved
Cover: © Riber (Sweden)
Back cover: © Mana Neyestani (Iran)
Graphics: Suzanne Guetteville
Translation: Heather Simon

CONTENTS
07 Foreward
08 Presentation
10
Map of hotspots for cartoonists
THE AMERICAS
12 Ecuador
14 Portrait: Bonil
15 Portrait: Vilma
16 Venezuela
18 Portrait: Rayma
EUROPE AND
CENTRAL ASIA
19 Turkey
21 Portrait: Musa Kart
23 Russia
25 And one day, we had to leave…
SOUTHERN ASIA
AND THE PACIFIC
29 Portrait: Aseem Trivedi
30 Malaysia
32 Portrait: Zunar
33 Portrait: Eaten Fish
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
36 Burkina Faso
38 Portrait: Glez
39 Portrait: Gado
NORTH AFRICA
AND THE MIDDLE EAST
40 The “Arab League”
of cartoonists
43 Portrait: Ali Ferzat
44 Jordan
46 Portrait: Osama Hajjaj
47 Cartoons in the age
of the Internet:
the Nahed Hattar story
49 Egypt
51 Portrait: Islam Gawish
52 Cartooning for Peace

advocacy work
54 Acknowledgements
1. Glez (Burkina Faso)
2. Hani Abbas (Syria / Palestine) 55 Sources
Foreward
“NEVER GIVE UP”

— by Vladimir Vasak, board member of Cartooning for Peace
and investigative reporter for Arte
A
lways in a rush, often overwhelmed, we, the privileged French, informed
and used to living in a democracy (it, too, succumbs to its moments of
doubt, but remains solid enough), we must not cowardly close our eyes
to what is going on in the rest of the world!
Thanks to its work for the past ten years in support of the freedom of
cartooning, the association Cartooning for Peace, located in Paris, partici-
pates in the very mobilization that this report advocates. For the danger is
there: that in the name of everyday life dominated by economic difficulties and
terrorist threats, we forget the essential: freedom, ours, yours. Perhaps this is
the true meaning of this document that you are about to browse: it will be like
a reminder for all of us, who have undoubtedly had over these past years a
tendency to forget our fundamental values, or rather, to consider them as a
given. Yet, the events over these recent months, from the attack at the Charlie
Hebdo offices to an electoral turning in on ourselves expressed in many coun-
tries, these events show us that nothing is ever a given. Brexit, Trump or Putin,
Orbán in Hungary, the PiS party in Poland, Maduro in Venezuela, Marine Le
Pen or the AfD party in Germany, all these names and movements (I’m certainly
forgetting some), seem to bother us less and less. As if we were getting used
to them…
So, isn’t it time to return to the fundamentals, the root of our commitments,
such as the one we are trying to express to our editorial cartoonists?
“Of above all, never give up,” a magical phrase that we hear all too often,
I’m suggesting that we appropriate it for ourselves. Never abandon the prin-
ciples of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: the freedom of expression
“The cartoonist is is one of its pillars, the freedom of the press, one of its representations. Can
a tight rope-walker
trying to stand still”, this report make us aware of the reality of this battle that we must never stop
Regis Debray fighting? We are not safe from a reversal of history. If certain cartoonists choose
Plantu (France) France to live in exile, it is because our country, in their eyes, still embodies this
message of hope. It is up to all of us to thank them for their confidence in our
country, it is up to all of us to help them so as to not let them down. For if they
fail in their work towards freedom, it will also be our own. So, “above all, never
give up.”
6 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 7

television journalists who cover sensitive subjects. Censorship, legal proceed-
ings, attacks, imprisonment, exile, disappearances and, in the worst of cases,
murder: many different acts of violence proving that cartoonists are always on
the front line.
Unique witnesses of current events and veritable barometers of the freedom

of expression, they defy threats in order to inform us on the state of democracy
during periods of insecurity and trouble. In a context where violations against
the freedom of expression have worsened, it seems indispensable to give the
floor to those who take up the pencil, in order to pay tribute to their back-
grounds and struggles.
Based on the information collected between 2016 and April 2017 by

Cartooning for Peace’s watchdog and alert unit, this report attempts to shed
CARTOONING FOR PEACE is an international network of editorial clarity on the dangers and threats risked by cartoonists, yet in no way does this
cartoonists, who use humor to fight for the respect of cultures and freedoms. represent a scientific and exhaustive list. Depending on the information that
Created in 2006 at the United Nations headquarters, Cartooning for Peace, the association had in its possession, it chose to discuss the situations in certain
represented by its foundation in Geneva and its association in Paris, is presided countries and of certain cartoonists rather than others. This does not in anyway
over by Le Monde’s newspaper cartoonist, Plantu, and placed under the minimize the difficult situations and contexts in which other cartoonists may
patronage of the former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan. find themselves.
Ten years after its creation, Cartooning for Peace’s network includes 162
cartoonists from 58 different countries around the globe.
Thanks to their ability to make people smile, transcend borders and

languages and simplify complex political situations, cartoons are an undeni-
able tool dedicated to tolerance, capable of creating intercultural dialogue
and nourishing debate on fundamental notions such as freedom of expression,
peace or tolerance. In order to stimulate reflection on humanist values to which
it is profoundly attached, Cartooning for Peace does its utmost to:
✏ the promotion of the editorial cartoon as a means of defending human

rights and freedom of speech through events, publications and exhibitions;
✏ the use of the cartoons’ educational value to denounce all forms of intoler-
ance and to raise young and vulnerable people’s awareness about major social
issues through humour;
✏ providing support and visibility to press cartoonist who are prevented from
working freely or under threat.
Tjeerd
Royaards
Whether their cartoons concern politics, the economy, sports or religion, (NL)
cartoonists are confronted with the same threats as newspaper, radio and

MAP OF
HOTSPOTS FOR
CARTOONISTS
Based on the information collected
by Cartooning for Peace’s watchdog
and alert unit, this map attempts to give
an overview of violations against freedom
of expression of cartoonists committed
between 2016 and 2017.
RUSSIA
p.23
TURKEY
p.19
VENEZUELA
p.16
ECUADOR JORDAN
EGYPT p.44
p.12 p.49
INDIA
p.29
MALAYSIA
KENYA p.30
p.39

The Americas
ECUADOR The Ecuadorian

President did not
hesitate to point
out, by name, the
media, journalists
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION former banker, Guillermo Lasso, a free-
market candidate. The latter continues
In its traditional “sabatinas,” exclusive
interviews taking place over several hours and cartoonists
FIGURES The Republic of Ecuador has a presiden- to contest the results and condemns the each Saturday with his fellow citizens, the
who criticized,
tial system in which the President, both corruption risks. Ecuadorian President did not hesitate to
POPULATION the head of state and the government, is point out, by name, the media, journalists rejected or
16.38 million elected to 4-year terms by direct universal This campaign, as well as the last turbulent and cartoonists who criticized, rejected
inhabitants (2016) caricaturized him.
suffrage. A constitutional reform voted in months of Correa’s term, leaves Moreno or caricaturized him and encouraged that
POLITICAL SYSTEM 2015 allows elected officials to keep running with a divided and politically tense country, complaints be filed against them.
/PRESIDENT for office indefinitely. one that will have to face up to a rather poor
Presidential system economic situation following the revaluation Regarding humor, Correa has gener-
3Rafael Correa Since 2007, Rafael Correa, a trained econ- of the dollar and the rise in unemployment. ally maintained a verbal confrontation
RELIGIONS omist and fervent Catholic, whose “citizen with several artists. The example of
Catholicism (74%) revolution,” a process of social, economic CrudoEcuador, a webpage of memes
and political transformations, permanently FREEDOM OF THE PRESS dedicated to political news, is particularly
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE transformed Ecuador, has ruled the country. revealing: the President directly lambasted
Spanish Between 2006 and 2016, the poverty rate The year 2016 was marked by a generally tution, these rights have nevertheless been it before its administrator received an intim-
LITERACY RATE was practically cut in half and the country, hostile climate towards the media, and a subjected to restrictions. idation letter in February 2015.
93.29% whose economy is essentially based on deterioration of the freedom of expression
(UNDP, 2005-2013) revenue from oil, experienced nearly 4% in Ecuador. The UN Committee of Human The Ecuadorian Communication Law In 2016, the Ecuadorian NGO Fundamedios
growth. The many social programs set Rights expressed its concern regarding (ECL), adopted in June 2013, authorized (the Andean Foundation for Social
GROWTH RATE
up and investments in higher education certain legislative measures and practices the implementation of a regulatory frame- Observation and Study of the Media) listed
3.67%
(WB, 2014) created a consequential reduction in social that “could discourage the expression work for the media sector, following the 491 “attacks on the freedom of expression
inequality. Even though the regime was of critical positions or the publication of example of other countries from the region including 168 cases of newspaper sanc-
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE sometimes criticized for its authoritarian essential information in the media and on like Venezuela and Uruguay. It establishes tions (fines, warnings, public apologies),
4.12% (IMF, 2015) deviations, Rafael Correa, who did not run social media regarding questions of public certain major principles such as the banning nearly one hundred cases of digital rights
again in 2017, enjoyed a certain popularity interest, as well as have a negative effect on of any form of censorship, in theory, by restrictions, and as many cases of “abusive From left to right
DEMOCRACY INDEX
with the Ecuadorian population, despite the freedom of opinion and expression.” authorities, and even a measure to support uses of state power.” This last category 1. “Ecuadorian
5.81 “hybrid regime” – Communication
ranked 82nd out of 167 the corruption scandals that also damaged equity in the distribution of frequencies includes the requirement to publish “offi- Law” - Vilma
(2016) the end of his term. If freedoms of expression and the press are between public, private and community cial” information, make forced corrections (Ecuador)
2. President
rights guaranteed by the Ecuadorian consti- media channels; measures perceived as a and even the arbitrary deletion of radio or Correa - Boligán
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION
Ecuador is an active figure in regional inte- significant step in favor of media pluralism. program frequencies. This multiplication (Mexico)
INDEX 3. “Ecuadorian
31 – ranked 120 th gration. Quito houses the seat of the Union of sanctions has caused self-censorship in
press” - Bonil
out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY of South American Nations (USAN). The However, the ECL also had controversial the media to increase. (Ecuador)
INTERNATIONAL, 2016) Correa regime was also considered ideo- effects like the creation of strong regula-
logically close to the Chavez government tory bodies, such as the Superintendency
HDI
and his successor, Maduro, in Venezuela, as of Information and Communication
0.73 – ranked 88th
out of 187 (UNDP, 2014) well as with Edo Morales’s Bolivia and the (SUPERCOM) or the Council on the
Cuban Castro regime, particularly regarding Regulation and Development of Information
RWB RANKING the defense of non-interventionism. The and Communication (CORDICOM), closely
Ranked 109th out of 180 in country has led a pragmatic foreign policy, linked to the executive. Furthermore,
2016 – 108th in 2015
with both its neighbors as well as with the the law outlined increasing control over
(WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX)
United States and China, which represent published content, by implementing vague
its principal commercial partners. concepts like banning “trial by media,”
defined as the repeated circulation of infor-
The presidential election took place mation aiming to ruin the reputation or the
between February and April 2017. After credibility of a person; and even the obliga-
a keenly contested second round, Lenin tion to hide “public interest” information.
Moreno, Vice-President of the country from
2007 to 2013 and political heir to Correa, The Correa administration also displayed
won with 51.55% of the votes against the aggressive rhetoric towards the media.

The Americas
BONIL
Bonil, alias Xavier Bonilla, an Ecuadorian Ecuadorians the possibility of choosing
newspaper cartoonist for El Mundo and their own gender on their identity docu-
El Universo, has had a complicated rela- ments. This time, it was the Ecuadorian
tionship with Rafael Correa’s government. LGBT federation, close to the government,
His case is emblematic of the progression who complained to SUPERCOM about the
in restrictions on the freedom of the press cartoonist and the newspaper El Mundo.
in Ecuador. If, at the beginning of his pres- The association affirmed the discriminatory
idency, the President voluntarily recog- nature of the cartoon, which would incite
nized the cartoonist’s talent, he has since hatred and transphobia by depicting a
openly criticized him and attacked him on pregnant woman who, while someone asks
various occasions. her the gender of her future baby, responds
that it would depend on the choice of her
As of 2014, Bonil thus bore the conse- child. Bonil, who refuted these criticisms,
quences for a drawing that criticized the moreover received support from many
government seizure of compromising infor- other LGBT committees.
mation, and related to the corruption scan-
dals. After a complaint by the government, Six months later, following the cartoon of the
SUPERCOM, the official agency of informa- Turkish President Erdogan, the cartoonist
tion control in Ecuador, obligated Bonil to was directly called out in the pages of El
change his cartoon. Universo by the Turkish ambassador. In an
opinion column, the latter denounced the
In January 2016, Bonil illustrated the cartoonist’s hasty conclusions, and ensured
government’s new law proposal giving that the freedoms of expression and opinion
were still respected in Turkey, the veracity of
which Bonil continues to doubt…
Accustomed to trials and courtrooms, the

Bonil saga is surely not over, especially
since the cartoonist continues to work for
VILMA
El Universo. The cartoonist enjoys support Vilma Vargas is an Ecuadorian cartoonist Ecuatoriana (CCE), she saw some of her
from a portion of the population who regu- and painter who has made political work taken away from the presentation at
larly protests in his favor, crying: “Yo soy cartoons her profession for nearly 30 years. the last moment, considered “too political,”
Bonil” (“I am Bonil”), despite a boycott Just like her compatriot Bonil, she has according to the direction. Supported by
request invoked by President Correa himself faced a delicate situation while exercising the curator, she decided to oppose this
at the beginning of 2016, going so far as to her career in Ecuador, in particular since decision. During the opening, she chose
ask Bonil to put down his pencils and give the arrival of President Rafael Correa. to present the censored cartoons criticizing
up his career as a cartoonist. Raphael Correa’s regime.
In May 2016, while she was organizing an
exhibit of around fifty of her drawings in Without an official newspaper since 2014,
collaboration with the Casa de la Cultura the cartoonist, following these events,
obtained a grant from the Artist Protection
Fund in order to work for some time in the
United States. She went back to Ecuador at
the beginning of 2017 in order to continue
her struggle and criticize her country’s
hostile climate towards the freedom of
expression.
From top to bottom From left to right

1. Self-portrait 1. Based on Goya,
- Bonil (Ecuador) Tres de Mayo - Vilma
2. President (Ecuador)
Erdogan - Bonil 2. Portrait of Vilma -
(Ecuador) Antonio (Portugal)
3. Bonil (Ecuador) 3. Vilma (Ecuador)

The Americas
VENEZUELA
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION fired from her newspaper after 19 years of

collaboration. Freely exercising her profes-
FIGURES After 18 years of Bolivarian socialism, the sion means living a precarious life: remuner-
Venezuelan situation is rather complex. ation for her work is minimal; most of the
POPULATION
The profound economic crisis that affects cartoons can only be published online, on
31.1 million (2015)
Venezuela, characterized by shortages in social media. Threats are also common-
POLITICAL SYSTEM basic products and medications, expo- place: Edo, just like Rayma were thus forced
/PRESIDENT nential inflation as well as increasing inse- to leave the country. Today, Weil lives, like
Presidential federal curity exacerbate internal tensions even Rayma, in Miami.
republic more. The corruption of the new elites,
3Nicolás Maduro Moros
the “boli-bourgeoisie” – the name used to While the culture of cartooning is very
RELIGIONS designate Chavez’s highest civil servants – strong in Venezuela, cartoonists live
Catholicism (96%), has become widespread. under constant pressure and are consid-
Protestantism (2%), ered by the authorities as political figures
Other (2%) In December 2015, the Venezuelan opposi- dangerous to Chavism. Nevertheless, it
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE tion won their first electoral victory against must be noted that just like the political
Spanish Chavism during the legislative elections. polarization of the Venezuelan people,
Nevertheless, Nicolas Maduro, Hugo between the pro-Maduro and the anti-
LITERACY RATE Chavez’s designated successor, bypassed Maduro factions, there also exists cartoon-
95.5% (UNICEF, 2008-2012) legislative power through governing by ists who are pro-regime.
GROWTH RATE decree under the pretext of an “economic
-13.7% (FRENCH MINISTRY state of emergency.”
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 2016)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
While the president’s popularity eroded, as the EU, OAS and MERCOSUR. Under Several journalists have been thrown out The government has a grip on paper
in 2016 the opposition vainly attempted to international pressure, the Supreme Court of the country or forbidden to enter it. The
8.6% (WORLD BANK, 2014)
incite a referendum in anticipation of the backed down two days later. Too late for the country’s TV stations, subject to very strict supplies and applies a form of censorship
DEMOCRACY INDEX presidential elections. However, the govern- Venezuelan people though: the accumula- legislation imposed by the Ley Resorte in by controlling the availability of paper.
4.68 “hybrid regime” – ment did not back down and increased tion of economic and political crises started 2004, do not broadcast national news. The
ranked 107th out of 167 the use of force in a repressive context. waves of protests across the country. After only way for Venezuelans to access informa-
(2016)
Defenders of human rights, as well as polit- three weeks of mobilization, governmental tion is to turn towards international media:
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ical activists are victims of arbitrary deten- repression has already killed 20 people despite encrypted access to the latter, the From top to bottom
INDEX tions while political leaders are imprisoned and injured nearly 100 people as of April government forbids the broadcasting of 1. President
17 – ranked 166th or exiled. 23, 2017, while more than 600 have been international stations in the country, such as Maduro - Antonio
out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY arrested. NTN24 and CNN.
(Portugal)
2. “Feeling
INTERNATIONAL, 2016)
A real separation of powers does not exist: freedom” - Weil
(Venezuela)
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX the government controls the judiciary Journalists publishing critical content on
0.767 – ranked 71 st branch by way of the Supreme Court while FREEDOM OF THE PRESS social media are also regularly sentenced
out of 187 (UNDP, 2016) blocking the National Assembly’s sphere of to very heavy punishments, like Braulio
activity, even though the opposition holds Journalists are also the targets of deni- Jatar who was imprisoned in September
REPORTERS WITHOUT
an absolute majority. The Supreme Court, grating and aggressive intimidation 2016, after having published the video of an
BORDERS RANKING
Ranked 139th out of 180 under the orders of the executive office, campaigns. Reporters without Borders anti-Maduro protest. He risks up to twen-
in 2016 – and ranked thus published decisions 155 and 156 on alerted that, since the beginning of 2016, ty-five years in prison, while his loved ones
137th in 2015 March 28, 2017, giving itself Parliament’s the situation of the freedom of the press has denounce a trial lacking transparency and
(WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX) legislative powers while simultaneously been getting worse. For the organization arbitrary imprisonment conditions – even
removing parliamentary immunity from Freedom House, this fundamental liberty torture.
opposition deputies. Furthermore, these no longer exists in Venezuela.
decisions give exceptional powers to the Cartoonists are not to be outdone either,
president. These events were immediately The government has a grip on paper like Rayma Suprani, one of the most
considered an institutional coup d’état and supplies and applies a form of censorship important editorial cartoonists in Venezuela
strongly condemned by institutions such by controlling the availability of paper. along with Edo, Bozzone and Weil, who was

The Americas Europe and Central Asia
RAYMA TURKEY
Rayma Suprani, a Venezuelan cartoonist,
denounced the poverty, lack of social
justice and openly criticized the abuse of
power in the Chavez government in the
daily newspaper El Universal. She had
already been subjected to coercion and
KEY
multiple threats, for example when she FIGURES
published a cartoon of the Venezuelan
POPULATION
flag riddled with bullets, but it was in
92.25 millions
September 2014 that she published the inhabitants (2017)
cartoon “that crossed the line”: she sati-
rized the public health crisis in Venezuela, POLITICAL SYSTEM/
linked to petrodollars, by representing a PRESIDENT
flat-lined EEG, containing the signature me to tone down my cartoons. This was no
Unitary parliamentary
constitutional republic
of the former President Hugo Chavez – in longer the normal process of discussion and 3Recep Tayyip Erdogan
power from 1999 to 2013. negotiation within an editorial board: they
criticized the content and demanded that it RELIGIONS
Even though the latter had been dead be toned down. I remained firm in my critical Islam (99%) ; Christians
for more than a year and a half when the stance. Faced with the cartoon on healthcare,
& Jewish (minorities)
cartoon was published, he enjoyed a management threatened that I would lose my OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
particularly effective and official marketing job. I decided not to sacrifice my credibility Turkish
campaign, which resulted in elevating him as a journalist and cartoonist. The cartoon
to the status of “Eternal Commander.” If was finally published, and I was immediately LITERACY RATE
satirizing Hugo Chavez when he was alive fired. To cap off this pettiness, my lawyer had
94.1% (UNICEF, 2011)
was difficult, doing it after his death seemed to intervene so that they would recognize my GROWTH RATE
From left to right
almost like blasphemy. work contract and my seniority…” 4.1 % (WB, 2013)
1. Self-portrait
- Rayma (Venezuela)
2. Venezuelan flag The cartoonist, moreover, touched upon a Deprived of her living, Rayma was forced UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
- Rayma (Venezuela)
sensitive subject: indeed, Venezuela sends to take refuge in the United States, where
10.5% (WB, 2015)
3. “Health / Health in
Venezuela” with Hugo much-needed oil to Cuba, in exchange for she continues to take up her pencils in DEMOCRACY INDEX
Chávez’ signature friendly services, since Cuba sends doctors the fight for the freedom of expression.
- Rayma (Venezuela)
5.04 “hybrid regime”-
en masse to Venezuela. And yet, Venezuelan She publishes on Daryl Cagle’s website, ranked 97th out of 167
hospitals and health services continue to is preparing a album of drawings and (2016)
sink into dilapidation. A phenomenon that continues to illustrate her country’s current POLITICAL SITUATION and spillover effects of the neighboring civil
is compounded with the lack of medication affairs on several websites. war in Syria have plagued Istanbul and Ankara. INDEX
and underlines the problems of govern- Spanning the continents of Europe and Asia, 41 – ranked 75th
ment corruption, which Rayma criticized in The Republic of Turkey, boasts one of the On July 15, 2016, rogue group within the mili- out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY
her cartoon. most developed scenes of cartooning and tary launched a failed coup against President INTERNATIONAL, 2016)
comics in the world. At nearly every news- Recep Tayyip Erdogan. That night, nearly 300
HDI
She was immediately fired by the news- stand in Istanbul and across the country, a people were killed across the country. What 0.767 – ranked 71th
paper for which she had worked for twenty dozen or so alt-comic weeklies are available has followed is a witch-hunt in all professional out of 187 (UN, 2015)
years, shortly after an owner acquired it with as well as other cultural publications chockfull fields, including academia, government,
close ties to the government. of illustrations. Their expressions of dissent are and the media. This widespread crackdown RWB RANKING
sometimes bolder than even the most radical following the coup attempt has exacerbated
Ranked 151th out of 180
in 2016 – 149th in 2015
“The Chavists had started to attack me opposition newspapers. About three-quarters the risks for Turkish humorists. (WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX)
on social media for several years,” Rayma of the country identify as Turkish and about
explained to a journalist from Le Monde 19 percent as Kurdish with the remainder Weakened in his ability to exercise power,
(France). “The newspaper’s leadership asked consisting of other minorities groups. Indeed Recep Tayyip Erdogan submitted a consti-
one of Turkey’s longstanding conflicts is the tutional reform to the Turkish people in
Kurdish campaign for independence and April 2017. This was supposed to reinforce
sovereignty in the country’s east, as well as the president’s power while allowing him to
basic rights. The current government has govern by decree. After an intense campaign,
demonized this Kurdish movement, especially which sometimes encouraged violence in
as terror attacks from militant Kurdish groups European countries, Turkey appears divided

Europe and Central Asia
The pressures facing cartoonists also come

in the form of the tragic events that they
confront through their work, including the
looming threat of a random attack. It is
disheartening and depressing to draw about
the seven major terrorist attacks that have
occurred since October 2015, which have
killed over 200 people in Istanbul and Ankara.
Opponents have also violently intimidated

cartoonists. When the comic weekly LeMan
published a “Special Coup Issue” on July 17,
an angry mob nearly stormed their offices at
in terms of its future: the partisans of the 4am; that issue was also censored by author-
reform highlight the necessity of stable ities. It was reminiscent of other such attacks,
power in a country undermined by terrorist like when arsonists struck the offices of the
attacks, where the opposition denounces comic weekly Penguen* in May 2012. Similarly,
the president’s authoritarian stance. one cartoonist recalled that many times over
the years he has seen “shadowy men” waiting
In the end, the “yes” vote narrowly won out on for him and his colleagues outside of the
MUSA KART
Sunday, April 16, 2017 with 51.3% of the votes. office, “stealthily taking our photos.” In Turkey,
Thus, Erdogan came out of the referendum being a cartoonist is increasingly difficult if
strengthened, and will be able to conduct his not dangerous. “In fear, one cannot make
reforms, with the risk of escalating his author- cartoons,” says one prominent illustrator. The
itarian image in Turkey as well as abroad. cartoonists of Turkey then are fearless. On October 31, 2016, during the wave of on the board. Soon thereafter, authorities
Prospects for freedom of the press are evidently arrests following the failed coup d’état in detained Kart along with at least twelve of
negative after this referendum, with the fear that Turkey, the police arrested approximately his colleagues. His home was searched.
censorship will be intensified, threatening the *CFP’s note: since this ten associates of the principal Turkish
article was written the
plurality of opinion and the important culture of satirical newspaper
opposition newspaper, Cumhüriyet. Now Kart, 63, has already served a half-
political cartoons in Turkey. Penguen announced Among them was the cartoonist Musa year in prison, along with colleagues from
at the end of April that Kart. This was not the first time that the the newspaper Cumhuriyet. Following
it would shortly be cartoonist was subjected to the regime’s President Erdoğan’ victory at the refer-
PRESS FREEDOM shutting down. wrath, like in 2014 when he had risked nine endum on presidential powers, Turkish
years in prison after criticizing the connec- authorities informed the lawyers of impris-
Yet even before the clumsy military uprising tions between Erdogan and a money-laun- oned cartoonist that prosecutors stipulated
and ensuing government crusade against dering scheme. His colleagues mobilized a maximum sentence of twenty-nine years
dissent, the state of affairs was dire. In 2016, around the world in order to support him and his trial date along with his colleagues
being a cartoonist in Turkey has been more diffi- through cartoons. has been set for July 24th 2017.
cult than ever. State prosecutors and Erdogan
loyalists have used the crime of “insulting Their charge: “committing a crime in
the president” to muzzle critics. Over 1,500 From top to bottom
“MUZZLING MUSA KART” support of a terrorist organization without
1. (previous page)
people—including cartoonists, celebrities, President Erdogan -
— by Jonathan Guyer, member of the being a member.” It seems that in Turkey, all
journalists, private citizens, and even a German Joep Bertrams (NL) Institute of Current World Affairs journalists run the risk of being falsely and
comedian (in a case launched in Germany) 2. President Erdogan maliciously accused of terrorism.
- Khalid Gueddar
— are under investigation or prosecution. In (Morocco) From top to bottom “How will they explain this to the world? I
spite of the pressures, a cohort of cartoonists 3. Turkey’s referendum 1. 90 days in prison am being taken into custody for drawing I visited the offices of Cumhuriyet for a
- Izel (Turkey) for Musa Kart and
continues to boldly caricature Erdogan and his 4. “Erdogan devouring his colleagues from cartoons,” said Musa Kart on Oct. 31, wide-ranging discussion with the cartoonist
ilk. In Turkey, the long tradition of dissenting his children”, based on Cumhuriyet - Semih 2016. The Turkish cartoonist was speaking Kart on July 8, 2016, but a week before
Goya, Saturn devouring Poroy (Turkey)
cartoonists seems to be matched by an equally his son – Rodriguez 2. Portrait of Musa Kart
to reporters amid a raid on the Kemalist the mucked up coup that has led to an
long tradition of clampdowns. (Mexique) - Aseem Trivedi (India) newspaper Cumhuriyet, where he serves even broader clampdown on freedoms in

RUSSIA
sure than at any other time,” he said. As for

the battery of legal cases against him, Kart
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION
has often said that it’s all rather cartoonish. FIGURES The political situation in Russia has been
“If I get convicted, it will turn into a tragic marked, for several years, by what specialists
POPULATION
comedy,” he remarked. call an authoritarian stiffening. Since Vladimir
143.5 million inhabitants
(2013) Putin’s accession to the presidency in 1999 –
What can be done to draw attention to the even if Dmitri Medvedev was president from
unjust incarceration of Kart and his colleagues? POLITICAL SYSTEM/ 2008-2012 – power has been concentrated at
The United Nations has sent a special rappor- PRESIDENT the top: it is what has been called since Yeltsin’
teur to monitor the situation. The British
Parliamentary, presidency (1991-1999) as the solidification of
semi-presidential
Cartoonist Association has applauded Kart. 3Vladimir Putin a “power vertical.” Thus, the head of state’s
the country. Upon entering the lobby, the The Committee to Protect Journalists honored entourage includes businessmen, oligarchs
first thing I saw was Kart’s caricature of former Cumhuriyet editor Can Dündar. But in RELIGIONS and personalities from the political-media
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan beside the midst of an arbitrary crackdown on the Orthodox (66.5%), field. Observers call this State apparatus at
Hitler—undoubtedly the sort of drawing press — Turkey is currently the world’s worst
Islam (10 to 15%) the service of the executive branch “the Putin
that offends the very sensitive leader. jailer of journalists — the case of Kart and his OFFICIAL LANGUAGE system,” reinforced by a strong centralization
colleagues has fallen off the map. of power in a State that is technically federal.
Russian
Legal threats have failed to upend Turkey’s
long history of mocking politicians because “Caricature is a way to directly and concisely LITERACY RATE In parallel, public liberties are considerably
Turkey’s cartoonists feel a deep obligation express a concept,” Kart said, “and there’s 99.7% (UNESCO, 2015) restricted. As demonstrated, according to out of 450 total. Consequently, the political
to castigate the powerful. “In these circum- a great need for this kind of communication several observers, by the murder of Boris opposition denounces it as merely a rubber
stances for a critic to remain silent would be in this country.” For now, we must look back GROWTH RATE Nemtsov (a figure from the liberal opposi- assembly at the service of the executive
unheard of,” says Kart, a veteran cartoonist at Kart’s archive to fill the void. His daily slot 1.3% (WORLD BANK, 2013) tion) in the streets of Moscow on February 27, branch.
who over the past decades has battled in Cumhuriyet remains empty*. 2015, and even the arrest of Alexeï Navalny on
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
several high-profile lawsuits for caricaturing 5.7% (WORLD BANK, 2016) March 26, 2017, following the large anti-cor- Moreover, with the Ukrainian crisis and the
Erdoğan as a kitten and as a bank-robber. *Drawings from his colleagues around the world are ruption protests in several Russian cities. In annexation of Crimea (March 2014), Russia
sometimes published in Musa Kart’s cartoon slot.
“From the perspective of the West, [the DEMOCRACY INDEX terms of public liberties, a law adopted in has found a way to use external opposition to
legal attacks] are something comical and 3.24 “authoritarian 2014 sanctions repeated create “patriotic consolida-
absurd. But here it is not abnormal. There regime” – ranked 134th violations with measures tion” for the regime. While in
out of 167 (2016)
is no serious journalist or cartoonist who concerning gatherings. On November 2013 only 26% of
doesn’t have a case against him.” CORRUPTION PERCEPTION this basis, the activist Ildar Russians were ready to vote
INDEX Dadine was arrested and Only neutral for Vladimir Putin again in the
29 – ranked 131st
“Humor can be a very powerful way to fight
the government,” Kart told me. “Even out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY
then sentenced in 2015 for
several solitary protests
cartoons or those 2018 presidential elections,
the head of state’s popu-
if we do not accept the pressure [of that he had organized. If he favorable to the larity reached 88% after the
government censorship], we have our HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX was freed at the beginning Russian-Ukrainian crisis.
guards up because we know they’re 0.798 – ranked 50th out of 2017 after experiencing
executive appear
coming.” I couldn’t help but think of of 187 in 2014 (UN, 2014) coercion and violence in in the media. However, the political situ-
the armed guards at the gate down- prison, his case testifies to ation does not seem like it
REPORTERS WITHOUT
stairs and in the lobby. “Cumhurriyet BORDERS RANKING the progressive restriction of will stay obstructed forever
is one of the last bastions of resis- Ranked 148th out of 180 political rights and liberties due to weak economic
tance,” he said matter-of-factly. From top to bottom
in 2016 – and 152nd in Russia. growth and the fact that
in 2015 country is still affected by the economic crisis.
3. “Down with
Kart, who has cartooned for Erdogan !” - Vadot In this context, opposition in Russia to the The low price of oil – on which the Russian
(Belgium)
over two decades, spoke executive branch is weak. The Douma, the economy largely depends – the difficulties of
4. “Don’t rush our
bluntly about the perils of lookout is a hologram” lower chamber of Russian Parliament, was controlling poverty for a large portion of the
cartooning in Erdoğan’s - Musa Kart (Turkey) changed during the last legislative elections population and, especially, the 2018 elections,
5. Glez (Burkina Faso)
Turkey. “I can say in the in September 2016, and the party in power during which Vladimir Putin will aspire to a
more recent period that “Russia United” ended up largely dominating fourth presidential term, create uncertainty
there has been more pres- it with their number of seats: 344 deputies regarding Russia’s political future.

AND ONE DAY,

WE HAD
2012; it oversees the closing of websites that
are not compliant with the law. This service TO LEAVE…
and the legislative measures adopted in
Russia create, according to several observers,
Stories of cartoonists
a type of censorship in Russia. exiled in France
— Interviews by Dolores Bakela
Regarding the freedom of cartooning and the
status of satire in Russia, the public authori-
ties’ attitude is severe. In the early 2000s, the
show Koukly (“Marionettes”), broadcast on
the TV station NTV, and largely disrespectful
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS in regards to authorities, was forced to stop
its activity under pressure from the Kremlin.
Freedom of the press is constitutionally Indeed, on several occasions it had mocked
guaranteed in Russia. The Constitution of Vladimir Putin. This example testifies to the
the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, relative eclipse of political satire during the
states in chapter 2 that “each person is guar- first decade of the millennium. In this context,
anteed the freedom of thought and speech,” cartooning is relatively underdeveloped in the
that propaganda or the incitement of hatred Russian media. Active cartoonists are few, and
is “forbidden” and that “each person has those still working seem to practice self-cen-
the right to freely research, obtain, transmit, sorship: only neutral satirical drawings (social
produce and circulate information via all legal cartoons) or those favorable to the executive
means”; from which ensues the guarantee of branch appear in the media.
the “freedom of the media” and the banning
of censorship (article 29). These measures, However, the Internet and social media have
moreover, are in accordance with the interna- created a resurgence in graphic satire’s vitality.
tional commitments that Russia freely entered Numerous pages of the Vkontakte network
into, whether it is the Convention for the (equivalent to Facebook in Russia) show
A
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental cartoons denouncing the “Putin System.” nd one day, we had to leave. For illustrating was getting ready to participate in a press fair in France.
Freedoms from 1950 (article 10 concerns the Twitter also lets many Russians produce and in a newspaper for Iranian children, like Mana At the moment of departure, paramilitaries attempted to
freedom of expression), or the International circulate photomontages criticizing Russian Neyestani. Because of the arrival of ISIS in Iraq remove him from his neighborhood. He, who continued to
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights from power. The most famous Russian cartoonists for Daban*, a Kurdish cartoonist. For Adjim draw loud and clear no matter the cost, had to suddenly
1966. like Sergueï Elkin and Alexeï Merinov thus Danngar, it was because of satirical cartoons shut up. And understand that he needed to leave Chad
publish their drawings on the Internet. published in Chad, then governed by Idriss Déby. Or because without drawing attention. “My airplane landed in France
However, recent developments in Russia Aymen* could no longer stand seeing people die, at home, on November 24, 2004,” he remembers precisely. A date
strongly limit the freedom of the press and, in Syria. that symbolized the beginning of his new life.
more generally, the freedom of information.
Among the legislative measures adopted These cartoonists had to hastily pack up their freedom In 2015, it was Gunduz Agayev’s turn to be thrown out
over recent years, the FIDH has noted the of expression and their political critiques and leave every- onto the street. Trained to be an artist in Azerbaijan, he
federal law “On the defense of children thing behind. They had to succeed in escaping so as not started unveiling his satirical cartoons on his Facebook
against information that could harm their to die. account in 2012. “A citizen’s act considering the prevailing
health and development” (2012), the law political situation,” he assumes. Then in 2013 a collabora-
against the use of bad language in the media tion with Meydan TV began, an independent information
(2013), against Internet pirating (2013), as well LEAVE AND NEVER RETURN channel created by a former political prisoner. The author-
From top to bottom as different legislative acts attempting to limit ities did not appreciate that the man had become a whis-
1. (previous page) “access to illegal information on the Internet.” Adjim had only one day to up root his life as a cartoonist tleblower and started intimidating him by telephone. When
President Putin - Gunduz
Aghayev (Azerbaijan) Furthermore, a federal service in charge of in Chad. He was only 22 years old. Death threats, intimida- we met him in Paris, he recounted with laughing eyes how
2. Zlatkovsky (Russia) the “supervision of communication, informa- tions, physical assaults had already been going on for some they tempted to corrupt him: “Make cartoons, but for the
3. President Putin
- Sergueï Elkin (Russia)
tion technologies and mass media,” called time. The day before his escape, he was still drawing for government or about the opposition,” they suggested to
4. Joep Bertrams (NL) Roskomnadzor, was set up between 2008 and Le Miroir, the Chadian equivalent of Charlie Hebdo, and him. Gunduz refused, still smiling. “The government didn’t

From left to right
1. (previous page) Molina (Nicaragua)
2. “As you may have noticed it is in total freedom that we
do our job as journalists” / “Say: Goodbye my friends!”
/ “Goodbye my friends” - Willy Zekid (Congo Brazzaville)
3. Vilma (Ecuador)
4. “Cauchy street” Street of the “Maison des Journalistes”
- Achou alias Adjim Danngar (Tchad)
5. Vilma (Equateur)
while working for the Syrian opposition media online since It took Adjim a year and a half to obtain papers, following
the taste for transgression never leaves these cartoonists. a refusal from the OFPRA (French Office for the Protection of
It accompanies them in their luggage, transcends borders. Refugees and Stateless People) and an obligation to leave
Despite it all, Mana chose to leave again. “Having an the territory. “Reporters Without Borders was able to support
Iranian passport was not easy everywhere; I preferred going my dossier, thanks to their correspondents who confirmed
to a Western country,” he recalls. After many unsuccessful that I was in danger in my country,” he emphasized, while
attempts to advance his case with embassies and the UN, confessing to have been undocumented for a few days.
Reporters Without Borders, via the organization Icorn “When I think about other cases, it was not that long.”
(International Cities of Refuge Network), allowed him to when they are only here for a few years. Without forgetting
enter an artist residency in Paris in 2010. It was there, in 2012, If their work has taken them far from their loved ones, the language barrier for those who don’t speak French. After
that he published Une metamorphose iranienne [An Iranian none of them can imagine giving up drawing. They need, for his documentation problems, Adjim was able to study digital
Metamorphosis], since his absurd situation reminded him of a good number of them, to rebuild professionally, especially technology, remotely from the other side of the Atlantic at a
Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis, a novel on the social exclu- university in San Francisco, get a multimedia assistant job,
sion of a man who could not control what happened to him publish drawings and works like the recent Mamie Denis
and ended up turning into a cockroach. évadée de la maison de retraite [Grandma Denis Escapes
from the Retirement Home]. However, contacts in the news-
For Daban*, who left Iraqi Kurdistan, it was the begin- paper world are lacking for some. Recently, the newspaper
ning of a “terrible voyage” to Germany, after first passing Libération handed the editorship of one of its issues over to
through Turkey. “I had to fight to survive. It was every person refugees: Adjim Danngar even drew the cover illustration.
for themselves,” he recounted to us, his tears welling up. “The more time passes, the more confidence I have in what
“Once in Germany, messages over loud- I do; my style asserts itself,” he told us. Before our eyes were
scare me,” he underlined. That was up speakers advised us that we could leave elegant notebooks made with his own hands that he fills with
until November 17, 2014, when he was for France,” the cartoonist confided. He sketches for future work. In particular, we discovered the new
notoriously interrogated for six hours in arrived in a migrant camp just west of Paris face of Popito, a character that he created as an adolescent.
an office at the Ministry of the Interior and If their work has before being taken under the responsi- “It was an African superhero that was going to destroy the
forced to sign a document certifying that bility of local organizations. dictators.” For Adjim, the time has come to bring Popito back
he was taking drugs, which was false, in
taken them far to life. For Aymen, from Syria, there is a thirst for “self-moti-
exchange for freedom. And he needed to from their loved vation”: he participates in collective works and is looking to
leave too. But go where? Nothing predes- STARTING FROM exhibit his works. Our interview took some time away from his
tined him to settle down in the Greater ones, none SCRATCH preparations for an exhibit opening.
Paris. Before arriving here, he stopped in of them can
Georgia before spending nearly a year in For Sylav, France was at first an acci-
the Ukraine, where he continued to draw. imagine giving dent. An article on religion was found THE WEIGHT OF SOLITUDE
displeasing and the entire editorial board
up drawing. ended up in the government’s sights. Daban, the Kurdish cartoonist, also regularly exposes in
FRANCE AT LAST “Anything could happen to you, your his home of adoption. “He draws a lot about pain, war. His
family. You would never have peace again,” drawings are colorful, full of hope,” his interpreter whispered
And he was not the only one to have he told us. He left Iran on foot. His smug- to us. But like his Iranian colleague, Sylav, who feverishly
made a long detour before arriving in France. After Turkey gler indicated that he could go to Norway, then England, awaits his wife to come and join him, he feels isolated. Difficult
and the United Arab Emirates, Mana Neyestani, a renowned but it was in France that they ended up dumping him with a to imagine the pain they both feel, the pain of not being able
cartoonist in Iran, spent four years in Malaysia, following the fake passport, but not before relieving him of a lot of money. to be near their loved ones. “My brothers, my sisters, I miss
misinterpretation of his cartoon that he reproduced in our “It is the country of Van Gogh and professional opportuni- everyone,” Aymen sighed at the end of the interview. “But I
notebook to underline his innocence. These pencil strokes ties,” he believed. But if the latter existed, they were well cannot say that publicly. It would be considered weak.”
in a government newspaper fanned the flames of a latent hidden by administrative difficulties that accumulated one
ethnic conflict with the Azeri minority of the country; they after another. “For two years, I struggled to understand the Mana fills the void in his own way: “I must rebuild my
participated in protests that were then bloodily put down. bureaucracy. For three months I lived on the street like a cocoon with what I need to draw. I don’t need anything else.”
Mana was arrested and spent several months in prison. He dog. My only concerns: finding a place to sleep, eating and As political refugees, certain cartoonists cannot return to
took advantage of being temporarily released before his staying clean,” he confided to us modestly, now living in a their homeland. However, the current events in their respec-
trial in order to immediately take flight. In Asia, he studied, small room somewhere in the Parisian region. tive countries are never very far away. The body is here,

Southern Asia and the Pacific
ASEEM TRIVEDI
The Indian cartoonist Aseem Trivedi uses Cartoonists Rights Network International
cartooning as an activism tool in support of – an award that he shares with the Syrian
human rights. Each of his drawings is a way cartoonist Ali Ferzat – Aseem Trivedi was
to test, criticize and stretch the limits of the arrested in Mumbai on September 9, 2012.
freedom of expression and information in Accused of sedition and for having broken
India, where self-censorship and an insecure the law on national symbols as well as the
climate for journalists remain concerns. law on information technologies, he thus
ran the risk of a life sentence in jail. While
but the head is there as it were. It is the double penalty of From top to bottom After having worked for several years for certain cartoonists denounced his radical-
exile: leaving behind loved ones in countries that scorned 5. Gunduz Aghayev (Azerbaijan) the Indian press, in 2011 Aseem Trivedi ness, the cartoonist’s indictment provoked
6. Ares (Cuba)
their rights. Gunduz finally feels at peace in the center for launched the national campaign “Cartoons a passionate debate on the freedom of
asylum seekers which houses him, surrounded by his wife Against Corruption” through which he expression in India, so much so that a
and son. For only the past several months, the Azeri police mocked, with pencil strokes, the general- month after his arrest, the sedition charges
From top to bottom
had stopped sending him messages to which he responded ized corruption of the Indian political elite. were dropped. Nevertheless, Aseem Trivedi
1. Aseem Trivedi (India)
with emoticons to “pacify the reports” and protect his loved 2. Self-portrait - Aseem
The website hosting his cartoons was rapidly is still on the authorities’ radar for “insulting
ones, who remain in Azerbaijan. Gunduz does not have the Trivedi (India) shut down by the authorities. Aseem Trivedi a national symbol.”
Internet, a handicap for this man who only wants to work, 3. Aseem Trivedi (India) then launched, along with other journalists
“preferably at night when everyone is sleeping.” He tries to and activists, a campaign to battle against After a two-year break, Aseem Trivedi went
energetically sketch international current affairs, but forbids online censorship, “Save Your Voice”. back to his cartooning work following the
himself from drawing religious cartoons. “Certain residents of Charlie Hebdo attacks, convinced that this
the center do not understand,” he explained. He, who grew The 2012 winner of the Courage in Editorial attack strengthened the ninth art even
up in the Muslim faith before becoming agnostic. Like other Cartooning Award from the organization more. In 2015, he created the online plat-
colleagues, he sees political cartoons as the very heart of the form Black & White dedicated to the art
freedom of expression and wants to continue to give himself of “resistance” through cartooning, on
the right to break the rules. Clearly, there is no question of which he regularly publishes his cartoons,
putting down the pencil. “I am here to continue my work.” in ten-image series, criticizing the violation
of freedom of expression in India, but also
*first names have been changed in Turkey, Egypt and even Bahrain. The first
edition of the online magazine was dedi-
cated to a collection of cartoons called “A
Cartoon Against Every Lash” in support
of Raïf Badawi, a Saudi Arabian blogger
sentenced in September 2014 to 1,000
lashes and 10 years in prison. Through Black
& White, Aseem Trivedi wields his pencil
in the battle for justice, equality and the
respect of human rights.

MALAYSIA
Malaysia has
the strictest
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION and Malaysians are demanding more and
more for electoral reforms. Called on to
In the absence of an independent justice
system, the government does not hesitate
censorship laws
FIGURES The Federation of Malaysia is made up of resign many times, Najib Razak responded in harassing certain media organizations by in the world.
thirteen States and three federal territo- by toughening repression on civil society dragging them to court. Certain websites
POPULATION
ries. Once a former British colony, Malaysia political nature. The leader of the opposi- and locking down public debate. The presi- like Sarawak, The Edge or Medium were
(2016) has been, since its independence in 1957, tion, Anwar Ibrahim, already imprisoned dent from the Bersih movement, Maria Chin blocked or targeted by cyber attacks for
run by the same National Front coali- from 1998 to 2004 for unproven events, was Abdullah, very active in the struggle for the having reported the corruption allegations
POLITICAL SYSTEM/KING tion government (Barisan Nasional, BN), sentenced in February 2015 to five years in protection of civil liberties, is being inves- targeting officials. Najib Razak’s govern-
Constitutional monarchy governed by the principal Malaysian party, prison under the pretext of “sodomy” – a tigated for having participated in activities ment regularly brandishes the Sedition Act
with parliamentary the United Malays National Organization crime in this country governed by a legal “which harm parliamentary democracy.” in order to arrest and charge independent
system
3Prime Minister Najib (UMNO). In order to explain such longevity, system that mixes common law with Islamic journalists. While threats against the media
Razak (King with one needs to study the existing divisions law – leaving the Malaysian opposition Malaysia is also equipped with an arsenal of intensify, it is becoming harder for investi-
symbolic power) between the different ethnic and religious weakened and divided. draconian laws – such as the Sedition Act, gative journalists to work and publish on
communities in Malaysia. Malaysian society the Security Offences (Special Measures) Act subjects of public interest.
RELIGIONS
has approximately 55% Muslim Malays, Najib Abdul Razak has been prime minister or the Prevention of Terrorism Act – regu-
Islam (official religion
– 62%), Buddhism 10% “indigenous” populations, which, since the resignation of his predecessor larly invoked as a pretext for smothering Additionally, Malaysia has the strictest
(20%), Christianity along with the Malays, form the Bumiputra Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2009, and dissent, silencing government detractors, censorship laws in the world. Authorities
(9.2%), Hinduism (6.3%) community (“children of the land”), bene- was reelected for a second term in 2013 and stopping the population from partic- exercise almost absolute control over
(ESTIMATION BY THE FRENCH ficiaries of a positive discrimination policy during controversial elections. His rise to ipating in peaceful protests. Najib Razak, the media and can impose restrictions in
MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS,
since the 1970s; 26% are Chinese (for the power was marked by increased repression who had promised to repeal the anti-sedi- the name of national security. The media
2016)
most part Buddhist and Christians) and on dissident civil society, and stained by tion act inherited from the British, has, on authority, despite Najib Razak’s promise in
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE almost 8% Indians (in large part Hindu). serious corruption allegations. Since 2015, the contrary, strengthened it. Henceforth, 2011 to never censor the Internet, regularly
Malay Confronted with a fragile balance between the prime minister has been embroiled in any person prosecuted for “an uprising blocks information blogs that upset the
these different communities, Kuala Lumpur a scandal with international ramifications against authority” risks up to twenty years in ruling party.
LITERACY RATE
has for decades played upon the fear of an linked to the embezzlement of almost 700 prison, compared to only three before.
93.1% (UNICEF 2008-2012)
inter-ethnic conflict in order to remain in million dollars of public investment funds Since the Malaysian authorities are quick
GROWTH RATE power. The Malaysian authorities also profit from 1Malaysia Development Berhad to consider any form of political satire or
4.7% (WB, 2013) from the division of the opposition parties (1MDB). The citizen movements calling for FREEDOM OF THE PRESS parody as seditious or defamatory, it is rare
and do not hesitate to lash out at their repre- more exemplary character and transparency that anyone dares use art to criticize power.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
sentatives through legal proceedings of a on behalf of the government have increased, The Barisan Nasional coalition in power Since Barisan Nasional has been at the head
3.3% (WB, 2016)
enjoys almost absolute control over the of the country, the authorities have taken
DEMOCRACY INDEX media. Private television channels as well as severe measures against political cartoons,
6.54 “imperfect most of the private press belong to parties musicians, comedians and even Youtubers
democracy” – ranked or groups close to the BN. The State media, who have produced satirical works consid-
65th out of 167 (2016) on the other hand, is simply the mouthpiece ered as “offensive” and “disrespectful.”
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION for the government. The only independent If it is permitted to mock members of the
INDEX media is online, with servers hosted abroad. opposition parties, challenging represen-
49/100 – ranked 55th The Internet has become a privileged space tatives of the governing elite can result
out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY for expression, which welcomes dissident in arrests and legal proceedings. Artists,
voices from Malaysia. The real political and in particular, cartoonists, who have
HDI debate now plays out online, which leaves fallen on Najib Razak’s bad side have been
0.779 – ranked 62nd bloggers, for example, particularly exposed. subjected to his wrath. For a cartoon of the
out of 187 (UN, 2014) prime minister drawn with the features of
Najib Razak is waging a personal war a clown and published on social media,
RWB RANKING
against any media organization considered Fahmi Reza was arrested, interrogated,
ranked 146th out of 180
in 2016 – 147th in 2015 too independent and does not hesitate to banned from travel and currently faces two
(WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX) send in the police. These strong-arm oper- counts of sedition. As for the cartoonist From top to bottom
ations result in many arbitrary arrests. Some Zunar, he risks 43 years in prison for nine 1. Prime Minister Najib
Razak - Fahmi Reza
journalists have even received threats or drawings posted on Twitter that are judged (Malaysia)
have been physically attacked. to be seditious. 2. Zunar (Malaysia)

ZUNAR
Zunar is a symbol of the struggle for 43 years in prison for having posted critical
freedom of expression in Malaysia, and tweets about the government. His trial has
the regime’s pet peeve. In his drawings, he been pushed back several times over the
denounces the rampant corruption at all past two years.
institutional levels of his country.
Supported by many international organiza-
Imprisoned on several different occasions, tions, his cartoonist colleagues and person-
he has faced a real governmental lynching alities such as the co-founder of Wikipedia,
for over a decade: forbidden to travel, the cartoonist has not stopped fighting in
closure of his website, seizure of his draw- order to exercise his rights. Since the begin-
ings, arrests of his assistants and supporters, ning of 2017, he has succeeded in obtaining
forbidden to circulate his publications. $4,000 in compensation from the Malaysian
government for the destruction of his
In November 2016, opponents disrupted cartoons during a police raid at his house
the opening of Zunar’s exhibit. The police in 2010, and is working to remove his travel
came, confiscated his drawings and finally ban by asserting its unconstitutionality.
placed the cartoonist in custody. A month
later, Zunar was arrested again when he Zunar received the “City
organized a book sale in order to compen- of Geneva – Cartooning for
sate the financial loss due to the cancel- Peace Swiss Foundation
lation of his exhibit. An investigation was Award” last year, honoring his courage
opened for wrongdoing against parliamen- and determination.
tary democracy.
Simultaneously, he faces nine charges on

From left to right the basis of the Sedition Act – a law that
1. Self-portrait - Zunar restricts freedom of expression by allowing
(Malaysia) simplified legal proceedings against jour-
2. Zunar (Malaysia)
3. Malaysian flag - Zunar
nalists and cartoonists, forbidding any kind
(Malaysia) of speech considered seditious – and risks

EATEN FISH Eaten Fish is young, just 25 years old, and

suffers from diverse mental health problems
Cartoonists Rights Network International
(CRNI) presented Eaten Fish in absentia
investigate and respond to his sexual assault
allegations.
His work will
be recognized
By Terry Anderson, board member of all of which have been worsened by his time with their annual Courage in Editorial
Cartoonists Rights Network International in the camp and which in turn make him a Cartooning Award, saying that his case The UK Professional Cartoonists’ as some of the
(CRNI) and editorial cartoonist difficult individual for officials to assess. In was the most complicated and distressing Organisation (PCO) responded to Eaten
addition he has reported victimisation by they had encountered in 20 years and Fish’s plight with the #AddAFish campaign, most important
“Eaten Fish” is the pen name of a Iranian other detainees and repeated instances of that his body of work will in the future “be encouraging artists around the world to
national who sought refugee status in sexual assault and abuse. recognized as some of the most important create a virtual shoal of fish. The artwork
in documenting
Australia in 2013 and was intercepted trying in documenting and communicating the was used in a street protest at the Australian the human
to enter the country by boat from Indonesia, During his imprisonment Eaten Fish began human rights abuses and excruciating High Commission, London in March and
then taken to the Manus Regional Processing to draw cartoons about his experiences. agony of daily life in this notorious and shown again at the Shrewsbury Cartoon
rights abuses.
Centre, on Los Negros Island, Papua New In Australia his case was championed by illegal prison camp.” Festival, Shropshire (UK) in April.
Guinea (PNG). Together with another the Researchers Against Pacific Black Sites
facility on Nauru, this off shore detention of campaign group. In 2016 he began a corre- Toward the end of the Obama administra- The contractors responsible for the running
immigrants by the Australian government spondence with cartoonist Andrew Marlton tion a deal was struck to re-home thousands of the Manus camp say they will cease work
represents a failure to adhere to international aka First Dog On The Moon. Andrew set up of Manus and Nauru island detainees in the in October. Recent reports of violent protest
law and obligations with regard to human the Save Eaten Fish blog and encouraged USA; since his refugee status has never been inside and gunfire outside indicate a situation
From top to bottom
rights. The International Criminal Court has local cartoonists and activists to highlight formally recognised, Eaten Fish does not deteriorating yet further into chaos. There are
1. “Fish shoal”
been petitioned to investigate whether a the mistreatment and suffering Eaten Fish qualify for consideration in such an arrange- also indications that a new facility is being - cartoonists around
crime against humanity has been committed. was enduring. Eaten Fish’s work appeared in ment. Early in 2017 he resorted to three built in Papua New Guinea to jail people like the world draw in
support of Eaten Fish
The Australian government have stated that the Australian and British press, such as The weeks of hunger strike, specifically objecting Eaten Fish with nowhere else to go. Now 2. Self-portrait
the centre will close by the end of 2017. Guardian. to the failure of the authorities to adequately more than ever his life is at stake. – Eaten Fish (Iran)

Sub-Saharan Africa
BURKINA FASO The absence of

political cartoons
in Burkina Faso is
not connected to a
form of censorship.
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION former pillar in Compaoré’s regime, was
elected in the first round.
the press met with several signifi-
cant pitfalls like the assassination of
FIGURES In recent years, the political scene in Burkina the journalist Norbert Zongo on
Faso has been marked by the popular insur- At the same time, Burkina Faso is also December 13, 1998, while he was
POPULATION
rection of 2014, which led to the fall of facing a growing terrorist threat: since April investigating the death of the
19 million inhabitants
(2016) President Compaoré, in power for 27 years. 2015, the security situation has considerably driver for François Compaoré,
worsened. The northern part of the country the president’s brother.
POLITICAL SYSTEM/ Coming to power thanks to a coup d’état in is regularly the site of attacks targeting
PRESIDENT 1987, Blaise Compaoré remained at the head defense and security forces, as well as civil- Today, Burkina Faso is ranked
Presidential system of the country by modifying the Constitution ians. Between 2015 and 2016, there were 42nd on the Reporters Without
3Roch Marc Christian
Kaboré several times and, in particular, article 37, approximately twenty attacks, causing the Borders’ world press freedom
which defines the length and number of death of more than 70 people. index (2016) and has rose to
RELIGIONS authorized presidential terms. In October 5th place among African
Islam (60%), Catholicism 2014, while Compaoré was preparing to On January 15, 2016, Burkina Faso was hit countries.
(19%), Animism (15%), modify the Constitution once again in order for the first time by a large terrorist attack.
Protestantism (4%)
to seek a new term, a popular insurrection Claimed by Al-Mourabitoune, the attack of As for political cartoons, they
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE broke out led by civil society. The size of the the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid have appeared sporadically in
French protest was such that Compaoré resigned Hotel caused 30 deaths and 71 injuries. several general newspapers.
on October 31st and fled to neighboring Starting in 1991, they repre-
LITERACY RATE
Ivory Coast where he is still in exile. sented the backbone of the
28.7% (UNICEF, 2012)
Journal du Jeudi, a weekly satirical news-
GROWTH RATE Following the departure of Compaoré, a paper whose publication was headed by
4.02% (WB, 2015) transition regime, the National Transitional the cartoonist Damien Glez. In September
Council (NTC), led by Michel Kafando, 2016, the publication of the Journal du
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
was set up in order to conduct new Jeudi was suspended for economic reasons.
3.1% (WB, 2014)
transparent and democratic elec- Since then, political cartoons are practically
DEMOCRACY INDEX tions. In September 2015, while the non-existent in Burkina Faso.
4.70 “hybrid regime” – Transitional was preparing to organize
ranked 106th out of 167 the first post-Compaoré elections, Although we can cite several criticisms having damaged his reputation in 1992, or
(2016)
the Regiment of Presidential Security levelled from time to time (trials, summons the summons in 2006 for insulting the head of
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION (RPS) kidnapped President Kafando. to the Superior Council of Communication), state, following the publication of a drawing
INDEX It announced the dissolution of the the Journal du Jeudi was never officially representing Blaise Compaoré in a soccer
42 – ranked 72nd government and set up the National constrained by censorship. In particular, we uniform saying “I’m a great striker… I strike
out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY Council for Democracy (NCD). can cite the time Burkina’s ambassador to people down all the time.” The case was
France brought a suit against the Journal for eventually closed without legal proceedings.
HDI Led by General Gilbert Diendéré, FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
0.402 – ranked 183 out rd Compaoré’s former right arm, the putsch- The absence of political cartoons in Burkina
of 188 in 2014 (UN, 2014) ists accused the transition regime of being In June 1991, Burkina Faso restored its Faso is therefore not connected to a form
“progressively isolated from the reconstruc- republic (the 4th), which established of censorship, but rather to an absence, at
RWB RANKING
tion objectives for a consensual democ- freedom of the press. This event was the local level, of a political cartoon culture.
Ranked 42nd out of 180
in 2016 – 46th in 2015 racy” and opposed article 135 of the new followed, as in many French-speaking This is particularly explained by the assim-
(WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX) electoral code, which indirectly made parti- African countries, by a period called ilation, in the collective unconscious, of
sans of the former head of state ineligible. “Springtime for the African Press.” Many political cartoons with satire. Thus, classic
newspapers appeared in an environment newspapers, relatively shy when it comes
After several national and international that would be progressively delimited by to publishing political cartoons in their
From left to right
mediation sessions, the president of the a system of regulations. Thus, in 1995, the issues, have traditionally left this subject to
1. “Make Tô not
Transitional Council was finally freed and Superior Council of Information appeared, the Journal du Jeudi. Its disappearance has war” Tô is Burkinabe
the NTC was restored. The first free elec- which would become the Superior Council thus left around ten Burkinabe cartoonists, national dish - Marto
(Burkina Faso)
tions were finally organized on November of Communication (SCC). The progres- including professional cartoonists, without 2. Glez (Burkina Faso)
29, 2015. Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, a sive march towards absolute freedom of any real prospects in the media. 3. Kichka (Israel)

Sub-Saharan Africa
GLEZ
Born in France in 1967, Damien Glez has
been a professional newspaper cartoonist
since 1992 and a member of Cartooning
for Peace since 2006. For over 25 years,
he has lived in Burkina Faso where he ran
the Journal du Jeudi, a satirical Burkinabe
newspaper. He regularly collaborates
with the international media, like Jeune
Afrique, This is Africa, the website for
Radio Nederland and World Policy Journal.
On February 28th, the article “It’s all fun

and games, until there’s a handbag…”
by Damien Glez was published on Jeune
Afrique’s website. The text was based on
an incident regarding the Senegalese
artist Wally Seck; a few weeks earlier, a
photo of the singer carrying a handbag
From top to bottom was largely relayed on social media and Called out by the population and media,
1. Self-portrait - Glez caused numerous comments. Glez’s article the government reacted the day after the
(Burkina Faso)
2. “Why is he
wearing a dress?”
Glez (Burkina Faso)
evoked the obvious homophobia as well
as the invocation, by the blacklisted artist,
of his Muslim faith and his fondness for
publication. “The government of Senegal
expresses its indignation and firmly
condemns this incomprehensible and inad-
GADO in the neighboring country was suspended.
Encouraged to take a sabbatical at that
time, Gado’s contract was not renewed. The
3. “Editorial
cartoonist”
Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba, the founder of missible tactlessness on behalf of a news- Godfrey Mwampembwa, alias Gado, is a cartoonist is not ready to censor himself in
- Glez (Burkina Faso) the Mouride brotherhood in Senegal. paper organization in Africa that is meant Tanzanian cartoonist who has worked for order to reassure the newspaper’s owner, a
to understand, defend and promote African over twenty years in Kenya. He shame- close friend of the government.
The satirical drawing accompanying the culture and values,” Seydou Guèye, the lessly portrays politicians in East Africa
text turned the tables on the Senegalese’s government’s spokesman, declared. and, more generally, Africa itself. For him, Thanks to his provocative nature, which
inability to understand a Western fashion: it is absolutely impossible to stop drawing. pleases and moves people throughout
we see a Westerner, conversely, making After having first toned down the cartoon – However, intimidations and threats have Africa and the rest of the world, Gado
fun of Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba’s caftan (a without the portrait of the religious leader become daily events in recent years. was rapidly hired by the rival newspaper,
traditional Senegalese dress), by exclaiming – Jeune Afrique decided to finally withdraw Indeed, the freedom of expression in Standard, and promised complete freedom.
“Hey, why is he wearing a dress?” it and published the following apology Kenya has decreased since Uhuru Kenyatta He thus continues to criticize, with his
message: “With this drawing, our inten- rose to power in 2013. pencil, the political corruption and scandals
The representation of the founder of the tion was not to hurt anyone, and even less that undermine East Africa.
Mourides immediately caused an outcry to damage the figure venerated by Cheikh Since 1992, Gado has worked for the Daily
in Senegal. Glez, as well as the newspaper Ahmadou Bamba’s numerous followers, but Nation newspaper, the principal news- His commitment and
Jeune Afrique, were quickly threatened to criticize the stupidity of those who cannot paper of East Africa. After several cartoons determination to draw at all
online and protests were organized in see the difference between a caftan and a depicting Kenyatta and his Vice-President costs helped Gado win the City
several cities across the country. dress, with all the simplistic and unfounded Ruto’s shenanigans, in particular, following of Geneva – Swiss Foundation Cartooning
deductions that could result from this. charges against them with the International for Peace Award, at the same time as his
Nevertheless, we perfectly understand that Criminal Court, the newspaper’s manage- Malaysian counterpart Zunar in 2016.
this drawing could be shocking and we ment ceded to governmental pressure in
present our sincere apologies to those who February 2016: Gado was dismissed.
were offended.”
As he says himself, he was not surprised. It
Damien Glez did not apologize, but gave was not the first time that the newspaper
his version of events in a Senegalese found itself under pressure from a govern-
newspaper, which came to interview him From top to bottom ment. Already in 2015, after the publication
in Ouagadougou. For him, this polemic 1. Gado (Kenya) of a cartoon representing Jakaya Kikwete,
2. Self-portrait
highlights the danger of incorrect contex- - Gado (Kenya) the Tanzanian president at that time, as a
tualization – even the manipulative detach- 3. Former President Roman emperor surrounded by 7 women
of Tanzania Jakaya
ment – of an article and its accompanying Kikwete JK - Gado representing the seven deadly sins, the
drawing. (Kenya) publication of the Daily Nation’s subsidiary

North Africa and the Middle East
W
hen Arab leaders convened in the within and without exemplify the audacity of cartoonists in
Jordanian capital of Amman in late March the Middle East. In fact, in this tenuous environment, autono-
to deliberate over the pressing matters mous cartoonists thrive.
of a war-torn region, Arab cartoonists
responded in kind. The Saudi illustrator Most governments in the region, from the Maghreb
Abdullah Jaber’s “The Arab Summit” consisted of six over- and Levant to the Persian Gulf, retain archaic laws that limit
turned ambulances with a heaping pile of bloodied bodies in speech, prohibiting “insults” to monarchs or presidents,
the center. The Egyptian cartoonist Makhouf public institutions or symbols of the state.
drew the protruding bellies of sheikhs laying However the rules are defined and whatever
atop rolling hills, creating their own moun- the precedents, authorities tend to haphaz-
tain range of “Arab Summits.” The Jordanian That leaders ardly enforce them against dissidents.
cartoonist Amjad Rasmi illustrated two jani- Independent cartoonists are well versed in
tors cleaning up a jumbled conference room, shield the regulations’ vague meanings, and they
sweeping up empty words. fearlessly work around them. Of course
themselves many have gotten caught in the regime’s
The daring cartoonists of the diverse from satire is web of repression. Algerian cartoonists have
region have maintained their hard-won inde- fled the country after caricatures of long-
pendence at a time when the preponder-
an indication time President Abdelaziz Bouteflika caused
ance of journalists and columnists are part of humor’s a stir. Meanwhile Egyptian cartoonists,
of the popular chorus, singing the praises of especially in the past decade, have flouted
the undemocratic governments. Cartoonists unifying power. such regulations. In the Emirates, Kuwait,
are often critics in countries where free Qatar, and Saudi Arabia, most cartoonists
expression is not always tolerated, where stick to social criticism or foreign policy,
rulers rule with impunity and debating reli- knowing that the dynastic rulers are touchy.
gion is taboo. The cartoonists working within these confines, It is no coincidence that academics, activists, bloggers, and
where governments gripe and religious extremists growl, poets who censured Gulf leaders have found themselves in
continue to lampoon just about everyone. These threats from prison, creating a chilling effect across the board. Authorities
use whatever powers they have to limit criticism, like the
detention of Palestinian cartoonists at Israeli checkpoints.
That leaders shield themselves from satire is an indication of
humor’s unifying power: after all, the many protesters partic-
ipating in the 2011 revolutions gleefully carried placards with
cartoons.
THE “ARAB
Religion delineates another red line, one just as ambig-
uous and dangerous. When terrorists gunned down the
cartoonists of Charlie Hebdo in Paris under the pretext of the
LEAGUE” OF French magazine’s blasphemous illustrations, many artists in

the Arab world stood in solidarity. They know well the risks of
CARTOONISTS upsetting the sensitivities of religious zealots. ISIS has intim-

idated an illustrator in Kuwait. Jordanian artists who send up
terrorists on a daily basis have likewise received threats.
— by Jonathan Guyer, member of the Institute
of Current World Affairs
The most recent episode in this ongoing tragedy
occurred on the steps of an Amman courthouse, where a
controversial Jordanian writer, Nahed Hattar, was assassi-
From left to right nated in broad daylight; he was facing trial for sharing on
1. Boligán (Mexico) Facebook a cheeky cartoon about an ISIS fighter speaking
2. “Arab summits”
- Makhlouf (Al-Masry
to a white-bearded God in heaven, and an extremist took
Al-Youm, Egypt) justice into his own hands.

From left to right

1. “The Arab summit”
- Abdullah Jaber
(Saudi Arabia)
2. “Custodians sweep
up Arabic letters”
- Amjad Ramsi
(Al-Sharq Al-Awsat,
Jordan)
That Hattar was on trial for sharing a blasphemous

cartoon shows that governments also censor religious speech
and have an ambiguous role in encouraging the silencing of
dissenters. In an attempt to suppress anti-religious jokes,
states and institutions have brought lawsuits against cartoon-
ALI FERZAT
ists—and the issue transcends Islam. The Catholic Church Ali Ferzat is undoubtedly the most well airport, and was then driven to the hospital.
sued the Lebanese comic collective Samandal for skew- known cartoonist in Syria. He drew his Nursed back to health in Kuwait where he
ering Jesus, which resulted in a drawn out legal proceedings first cartoon, published in the newspaper took refuge, he has since gotten back the
against three artists and a $20,000 fine for the pioneering Al Ayyam, at the age of 12. In the 1970s, use of both his hands and continues to
alt-comix publication in 2015. Cartoonists in Egypt have also he worked for several media compa- portray the tragic situation in which Syria is
had to fight suits for blasphemy. nies including the Armée du Peuple mired with markers and paintbrushes
in Damascus, where he would eventu-
Less discussed but equally challenging for cartoonists ally move, to then resign and become a A courageous move for which Ali Ferzat
across the Middle East is the sheer difficulty of making a cartoonist independent of the official polit- continues to bear the consequences,
living off their art. Many struggle to get by on the measly ical line. In 2000, he started Al Doumri, even in exile: he regularly receives violent
From top to bottom
income provided by print newspapers. Some also illus- the first private newspaper in Syria since and explicit threats for his cartoons criti-
1. Riber (Sweden)
trate for children’s magazines or PR compa- politicians in the pages of state-owned publica- 2. Self-portrait
1963 – a media platform that allowed him, cizing despotism and religious extremists.
nies to make a buck. In the face of economic tions. For readers who are jaded by the regime - Ali Ferzat (Syria) with pencil strokes, to criticize his coun- Residing in a neighborhood known for shel-
immobility, a number of regional programs propaganda that fills the columns of many 3. Ali Ferzat (Syria) try’s political situation, and denounce the tering supporters of the Bashar el-Assad
are creating opportunities. The NGO called Arab broadsheets, cartoonists offer alternative narra- dictatorship. regime, the cartoonist fears for his safety
Correspondents is training North African tives of the present. more and more. His situation is even more
cartoonists in the emerging form of Comics
cartoonists “If my cartoons caused problems for me, precarious since the newspaper for which
Journalism. The American University of Beirut’s are injecting Many would expect doom and gloom in I could say that they’re about Pinochet or he worked has now closed.
Sawwaf Arab Comics Initiative has brought pres- the realm of Middle East publishing, where any other dictator, but the people of Syria
tige to the often overlooked art form through its
a vicious Western outsiders often demur the lack of free knew whom I was referencing.” The revo- Risking deportation to Syria, he contacted
lucrative Mahmoud Kahil Award, named for the black humor. expression. But in fact, scores of cartoonists lution changed all that. “In 2011, I stopped Cartooning for Peace and Reporters
late Lebanese cartoonist, which in its second are experimenting with content and form. Arab expressing myself with symbols and I started Without Borders, before deciding in 2017 to
year has honored many emerging comic artists. cartoonists are injecting vicious black humor drawing people. Why? Because I needed to take refuge in France, this country that he
Similarly, the Cairo Comix Festival, also in its into their frames to address the world’s inaction shatter people’s fear,” he indicated in an considers as the birthplace of the freedom
second year, convenes cartoonists from across the region for in the face of the Syrian civil war. They are bringing local flavor article written up by the journalist Fanny of expression, in order to continue to do
events and a scholarly symposium that is much more riveting to the medium of bande desinnée. Drawing on tablets, they Arlandis for Télérama (France). what is so important to him: draw, and
than the sleepy summits of the haughty Arab League leaders. are updating the tried and true form of the editorial cartoon denounce.
It is in the festivals of Cairo and Beirut that the cartoonists through GIFs, memes, animations, and other laugh-lines that That year, armed and masked men assaulted
themselves are forging connections that will lay the ground- go viral. him and broke both his hands. A warning, In 2002, he received the Prince Claus Award,
work for new publications and other forms of collaboration. meant to stop him from sketching “cartoons and in 2011, the Sakharov Award for the
Few will remember the gathering of kings and presidents that disgrace” the leaders of a regime, freedom of thought. In 2012, - Index on
That isn’t to say that all illustrators in the region are critics held in March, but plenty will continue to chuckle over the however contested. Ali Ferzat was found Censorship awarded him with the Freedom of
and dissidents; plenty of them parrot the talking points of cartoons drawn in response. in the road leading from Damascus to the Expression Award in the “Arts” category.

JORDAN
Cartoonists
deciding to
exercise their
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION According to the democracy index by The
Economist Group, the country is consid-
media sector is controlled by the regime
and censorship is common. Ironically,
freedom are In addition to the subjects mentioned
above, the amendments to anti-terrorist
FIGURES Several international observers consider ered an authoritarian regime. The refugee a tougher stance was taken, particu- much too often and anti-corruption laws have extended
Jordan, in many respects, a model of situation is troubling, as well as that for larly through legislative amendments the scope of motives for incriminating jour-
POPULATION
moderation and modernity in the Middle migrant workers, political opponents that cropped up after the Arab Spring. victims of threats nalists, particularly in regards to how the
(2015) East. One of the reasons used to arrive at and women. Several NGOs have blamed Legislative power has progressively to their physical media treats national security questions.
such a conclusion is the relatively peaceful a constitutional reform that was only a prohibited the freedom of expression on The most worrisome amendment remains
POLITICAL SYSTEM/KING attitude that the official authorities have hollow shell, with many abuses continuing many subjects so much so that journalists integrity. the law against cybercrime. Indeed, since
Constitutional monarchy showed in their reactions to popular upris- to be perpetrated. are seen as de facto silenced. it has come into effect in June 2015, jour-
3King Abdullah II
ings from the Jordanian Arab Spring. nalists can face a prison sentence of up to
RELIGIONS three years. According to Jordan’s Center
Sunni Islam (92%), The anti-establishment’s demands essen- for Defending Freedom of Journalists,
Christianity (6%), Druze, tially touched upon two points: more at least seven journalists or activists have
Shiite and other (2%) social justice for the modest social classes been detained since the law went into
and an institutional reform of the legis- effect.
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
Arab lative process. The authorities reacted
by launching, as of September 2011, a Such measures forbid cartoonists from
LITERACY RATE constitutional reform proposal before producing and circulating any editorial
95.9% (UNICEF, 2008-2012) responding to these different demands. cartoons of a political or religious nature.
The electoral law has since been changed Faced with this oppressive climate, censor-
GROWTH RATE
2.8% (WB, 2013) twice and the legislative elections held in ship is, alas, a sadly common phenomenon.
September 2016 were considered by the When this is not due to direct intimidation
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE international community as organized, from the Jordanian Press Association, it is
13.2% (WB, 2016) inclusive and credible. the journalists themselves who censor their
work for fear of retaliation. In addition to
DEMOCRACY INDEX
3.96 “authoritarian Although Jordan, particularly in regards to government pressure to which they are
regime” – ranked 117th its geopolitical situation, can be consid- subject, cartoonists deciding to exercise
out of 167 (2016) ered as an example to follow, certain their freedom are much too often victims
aspects of its regime remain incompat- of threats to their physical integrity by
ible with numerous democratic founding members of civil society. The most polem-
INDEX
48 – ranked 57th out principles. ical cartoons are often those on religious
of 176 (TRANSPARENCY topics.
INTERNATIONAL, 2016) Indeed, the essential part of the executive
and legislative powers remains concen-
HDI
trated in the hands of King Abdullah II.
0.79 – ranked 80th
out of 187 (UN, 2014) The latter names judges, the government From top to bottom
as well as all the members of the upper 1. Emad Hajjaj (Jordan)
2. Emad Hajjaj (Jordan)
REPORTERS WITHOUT chamber of Parliament. He also has abso-
BORDERS RANKING lute royal veto that he can exercise at any
Ranked 135th out of 180 time in order to block any law proposal. Alas, political cartoons are not exempt from
in 2016 – 143rd in 2015
(WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX) Even though a two-thirds majority in this phenomenon. Cartoonists, like their
Parliament can bypass this veto, it does FREEDOM OF THE PRESS other journalist colleagues, are subject to
not represent a sufficient counterbalance. government or civil censorship. First, the
Furthermore, any individual found criti- Although freedom of the press is law specifically indicates that all journalists
cizing the king, his government and even established in the constitution, Jordan expressing an opinion “inconsistent” with
religion, is subject to a three-year prison continues to be considered as a State Arab-Muslim values, the government or
sentence. that continually denies it. According to the royal family could be sentenced to pay
the NGO Freedom House, in 2016, the a fine of up to 40,000 US dollars. This ban
Generally, the situation of human rights Jordanian press was considered as “not is in effect in both the print media as well
in Jordan can be qualified as worrisome. free.” Generally, the large majority of the as on websites.

CARTOONS IN
THE AGE OF
THE INTERNET:
THE NAHED The death threats continued to rain down. The Jordanian
authorities arrested the journalist for what it called “inciting
tears of his son, the distressed
people all around. That is why
lives in danger. When activists need
a pretext for justifying their violence;
HATTAR STORY religious discord” and “insulting Islam.” This was a violation
of Jordanian law subject to a firm prison sentence. Let out
on bail, Hattar was assassinated on September 25th on the
I drew afterwards. I knew that
my cartoon was going to bother
certain people; Nahed Hattar was
they always find it.”
Since then, Gueddar, also the

steps of a courthouse in Amman, as he was arriving for his not very popular given his radical director of the satirical magazine
hearing. ideas. But we have to say no to terror. Baboubi, has not stopped receiving
No one deserves to die because of threats and regrets the inaction of the
O
n August 13, 2016, the writer and journalist The Jordanian government, while imposing a media their ideas.” After the publication of his police in the face of the latter: “I’m not
Nahed Hattar, a controversial figure in Jordan, blackout on the story, expressed its firmness and intransi- drawing on social media, Emad received asking for private protection or a body-
born Christian but committedly secular and a gence regarding this type of violence via an official memo. a multitude of hateful and threatening guard; I am only asking that the authorities
fervent supporter of Bashar Al-Assad, shared As for Nahed Hattar’s loved ones, they criticized the author- comments, accusing him of supporting react and take these threats seriously before
a cartoon on his Facebook page. The author ities’ attitude in the management of this case, going so far Hattar and his ideas, as well as those in someone takes action.” The cartoonist,
unknown and entitled “Lord of ISIS,” it represented a soldier as to argue that the government encouraged the violence support of the blasphemous cartoon shared This case who was convicted to a suspended four
from the Islamic State in paradise. Surrounded by two against him by choosing to prosecute him. by the journalist. years prison term for a cartoon of King
women, he drinks wine and talks to God, shown as his server. highlights Mohammed VI’s cousin, criticizes the prolif-
Immediately, social media lit up. At the same time, two Jordanian cartoonists, Osama Nahed Hattar’s case calls for a wide eration of violent speech against those who
Hajjaj and Emad Hajjaj, published cartoons criticizing the range look at the stakes linked to circulating
the contrast dare take up the pencil.
Faced with a surge of attacks that this publication caused, journalist’s murder. Emad Hajjaj explained that the scale of political cartoons on the web. New technol- between
Nahed Hattar withdrew the cartoon, indicating that he had this case had shocked him. From Hattar’s arrest up until his ogies have effectively come to revolutionize Without a doubt, the Internet allows
not intended to be disrespectful of the Muslim community, death, by way of his imprisonment and the charges brought the former circulation methods for political the simple for the circulation of political cartoons on a
and that he had only wanted to poke fun at the jihadists’ against him, Emad explains: “All this was rather trau- cartoons. They have particularly contributed circulation of vast scale, and helps reach new audiences.
vision of paradise. matizing, I remember when he was killed, the blood, the to freeing speech that was often silenced in In this, it is an essential tool for cartoonists.
the so-called “traditional” media, such as a cartoon and However, it is also taking the risk of coming
we see in many countries like Malaysia and face to face with a multitude of interpre-
Russia, where “free” cartoonists tend to
its disastrous tations, which can sometimes surpass, to
prefer publishing online. consequences. a great extent, the author’s wishes. The
cartoon ends up, given the nature itself of
Social media facilitates the circulation social media, much more easily extracted
and sharing of content, but also its de-con- from its publication context, however
textualization, misappropriation and even instrumentalisa- indispensable the latter is to its interpretation. This risk of
tion: ideas defended or faults denounced are no longer misunderstanding is even more likely since the sense of
received solely by sensitive audiences as was traditionally immediacy that characterizes the Internet also changes the
the case in the written press. reader’s behavior: they can forget to take the time to under-
stand and reflect when looking at the cartoon, whose objec-
This is a case that highlights the contrast between the tive is simply to create and provoke thought and debate.
simple circulation of a cartoon and the disastrous conse-
quences that it can cause: despite the withdrawal of the
cartoon a few hours after its publication, the opponents’
verve did not decrease. Worse still, the authorities decided
to prosecute him even though he had already apologized
From left to right and clarified his position. Conversely, the Internet users who
1. Bonil (Ecuador) had threatened him, on the very same platform, were not
2. Hani Abbas bothered.
(Syria / Palestine)
3. “United Jordan
to denounce the The day after Nahed Hattar’s assassination, the
assasination of
Nahed Hattar / Moroccan cartoonist Khalid Gueddar chose to pay homage
No to murder, no to the Jordanian journalist by publishing the same cartoon
to violence, no to
extremism” - Emad
as him, accompanied by a citation from Charb: “I don’t feel
Hajjaj (Jordan) like I’m cutting someone’s throat with a pen. I don’t put

OSAMA HAJJAJ EGYPT

In May 2015, Osama Hajjaj, a famous Osama Hajjaj, on his end, also published a
Jordanian cartoonist, criticized on Twitter cartoon that August, which drew wrath from
the oppression of women in countries the Christian communities. They reproached
that enforce Sharia law. He immediately him for mocking God and accused him of
received many death threats on social
media and by email. The threats continue
blasphemy, just like Hattar. The cartoonist
feared for his life, and apologized publicly.
KEY POLITICAL SITUATION
while the cartoonist still publishes critical FIGURES Cairo, the capital of the Arab Republic of
works, particularly in Al Arab Al Youm And yet in realityhis cartoon has absolutely Egypt, is home for over 20 million resi-
POPULATION
where he published the cartoon of a nothing to do with religion, as it depicts the dents, scores of newspapers and political
92.25 millions
jihadist using his sabre as a selfie stick. Olympic Games that were taking place at inhabitants (2017) magazines, and quite a few cartoonists.
that time in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the midst Since the devaluation of its currency (the
His newspaper closed; the only source of the Zika epidemic: the representation of REGIME / PRESIDENT Egyptian pound) in November, the country
of income for Osama now comes from an God that he was criticized for was only the Semi-presidential is experiencing rampant inflation and the
3Abdel Fattah al-Sissi
advertising agency. His employer requested statue of Christ the Redeemer on Corcovado possibility an extended economic crisis.
that he no longer draw political and reli- mountain, which dominates Guanabara Bay, RELIGIONS Meanwhile in the Sinai Peninsula, which From top to bottom
gious cartoons and made him sign a letter here shown with bug spray in one hand and Islam (around 90%) ; connects Egypt to the Palestinian Territory 1. Anwar (Al-Masry Al-Youm, Egypt)
2. The new Sphinx / “What happened
certifying it. an Olympic torch in the other. Coptic Christians (around of Gaza and the State of Israel, an insur- to his nose?” / “He stuck it into our
10%) gency rages, but the reverberations of the business” Vadot (Belgique)
From left to right “My boss told me: ‘Look what they did to The polemic died down, but was taken conflict are scarcely felt in Cairo.
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
1. “One blood”,
on Nahed Hattar’s
Charlie Hebdo. They can come and do back up again at the end of September: the Arabic PRESS FREEDOM
murder - Osama the same thing here.’” He explained to Le writer Nahed Hattar was assassinated on Although Egypt is ostensibly a democ-
Hajjaj (Jordan) Monde. the steps of a courthouse in Amman where LITERACY RATE racy, the space for free expression has Egypt, according to the Committee to
2. Osama Hajjaj
he was being judged for “inciting religious 73.9% (UNICEF, 2008-2012) significantly contracted since the summer Protect Journalists, is the third worst jailer
(Jordan)
3. Osama Hajjaj If Osama has never given up cartooning and dissension” and “insults.” Osama Hajjaj then 2013 military takeover in which General of journalists in the world, clocking in
GROWTH RATE
(Jordan)
expressing himself through his cartoons, published cartoons criticizing the murder 2.1 % (WB, 2012) Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi overthrew the Islamist after China and Turkey. And yet, censor-
he found himself involuntarily involved in and underlining the absurdity of how it was Mohamed Morsi. Thousands of Egyptians ship in the country is haphazard. Egypt
a polemic in 2016. Nahed Hattar, a contro- related to the simple circulation of a cartoon, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE are currently in prison on politicized is a massive country and its bureaucracy
versial journalist and writer in the country, for which Hattar was not even the author. 13.2% (WB, 2014) charges. Furthermore, the government has incredibly bloated, so the press and espe-
published a cartoon in August on his The Muslim communities then accused him outlawed the Islamist movement Muslim cially digital media are relatively free as
DEMOCRACY INDEX
Facebook page, author unknown, which of approving the original cartoon and the 3.31 « authoritarian Brotherhood and also secular activist compared to other countries in the Arab
mocks the jihadists’ interpretation of para- threats started raining down again. This case regime » - ranked 133rd groups, such as the April 6 Movement and region. Historically, censorship has been the
dise and includes a representation of God. spilled a lot of ink in Jordan and underlines out of 167 (2016) soccer fan clubs. Many activists and critics harshest in terms of broadcast media and
Social media erupted; he was arrested and the important role of the Internet today in have opted to leave the country. film. Cartoonists often find ways to break
freed two weeks later on bail. terms of cartooning.
INDEX
34 - ranked 108th
out of 176 (TRANSPARENCY
HDI
0,691 - ranked 111th
out of 187 (UN, 2015)
RWB RANK
Ranked 159th out of 180
in 2016 - 158th in 2015

A cohort of young
ISLAM GAWISH
activists, artists, Islam Gawish, a young, 26-year-old of expression in Egypt is undoubted. From
and journalists Egyptian cartoonist, publishes his work on the government’s perspective, this event did
the Facebook page “elwarka” (“a sheet of not produce the expected results: Gawish’s
who cut their paper”), which is followed by more than arrest started a campaign of support led
1.5 million people. His satirical cartoons by Egyptian cartoonists, who quickly inun-
teeth during the are generally dedicated to societal issues, dated social media with cartoons. The
Islam Gawish Twitter
2011 uprising have account but sometimes touch on the government opposition to the government also mobi-
and Egyptian politicians. lized, demanding the immediate release of
persevered in the the cartoonist, his arrest being representa-
face of repression. Abdel Fattah al-Sissi’s government, in tive of a climate “that restricts the freedom
place since 2014, has hardened its tone of opinion and expression.” The entire story
regarding opponents and independent was relayed in the national and international
media channels that criticize his policies. press.
Given the success of Islam Gawish and the
media organization for which he works, on The world of culture and media has now
January 31, 2016 he was arbitrarily arrested become the latest victim of an Egyptian
at his place of work for the supposed illegal government with authoritarian inclinations,
status of his Facebook page. This arrest was as this arrest symbolized, coming only
accompanied by the seizure of his personal six days after the fifth anniversary of the
computer. The cartoonist only spent one Egyptian revolution.
day in prison, not having responsibility over
the management of the website.
A government mistake or an intimidation

campaign, the desire to restrict the freedom
“Sir this is your nuclear
briefcase”, says the
assistant. “This button is
to strike Iran. And that’s
for Russia and that’s to
strike the Middle East
and…” / “Let me try”,
says a bug-eyed Trump.
the rules in ways that elicit laughs rather Cartooning remains a vaunted art form He clicks SELECT ALL
- Islam Gawish (Egypt)
than cause trouble. in the country, and most newspapers
employ several illustrators and caricaturists.
Creative dissent is increasingly risky yet a Furthermore, comics for adults are the latest
cohort of young activists, artists, and jour- trend in Egypt and across North Africa, “Hey, no, throw away
nalists who cut their teeth during the 2011 where many alternative zines, graphic what’s in your hand”
- Anwar (Egypt)
uprising in Tahrir Square have persevered in novels, web strips, and independent publi-
the face of repression. Nevertheless, many cations have begun disseminating a range
events in 2016 were disquieting. The wildly of graphic narratives especially for young
popular web cartoonist Islam Gawish was readers. This renaissance in cartooning
detained overnight by authorities allegedly and groundswell of new comic art is consis-
because he was operating a Facebook tent with the country’s rich history of polit-
From left to right page without a license (a signal of increased ical cartooning, which began in the late
1. Anwar (Al-Masry internet surveillance in the country). The 19th century in the satirical publications of
Al-Youm, Egypt)
2. Anwar (Al-Masry
novelist Ahmed Naji served ten months in Yaacub Sannu, an Egyptian-Italian Jew who
Al-Youm, Egypt) prison on an obscenity charge. A musical pulled no punches in lambasting the coun-
troupe called the Street Children, known try’s ruler Khedive Ismail.
for their biting satire, has been incarcer-
ated for insulting the regime. Each of these President Abdel Fattah
cases shows how vague laws are often used Al-Sissi “I don’t like being
drawn” / “Islam Gawish
against dissenters, and the authorities often arrested for drawing the
do so with impunity. President”- Andeel (Egypt)

Supporting cartoonists EVENTS
JANUARY 2017
CARTOONING MAY 2016, GENEVA

3rd edition of Swiss Foundation Cartooning for Peace
– City of Geneva’s International Editorial Cartoon
« Two years after Charlie – A tribute to persecuted
cartoonists »
FOR PEACE’S
On the day before the second anniversary of the
Award Charlie Hebdo massacre, Reporters Without Borders
On the occasion of World Press Freedom Day, on (RWF) and the cartoonists associations Cartoonists
ADVOCACY WORK Advocacy

May 3, 2016, The international editorial cartoon
Award, attributed by the city of Geneva and the Swiss
Rights International Network (CRNI), The Association
of American Editorial Cartoonists (AAEC), Cartoon
Krauze Foundation Cartooning for Peace, was awarded by Movement and Cartooning for Peace (CFP), paid
(Poland) Mr. Kofi Annan, Honorary President of the Foundation, homage to cartoonists who defend the freedom of
to the cartoonists Gado (Kenya) and Zunar (Malaysia). information through their editorial cartoons, with an
This award, handed out every other year in Geneva, internationally-circulated memo.
CAMPAIGNS TOOLS awards a cartoonist for their courage, talent and Read it here: http://www.cartooningforpeace.org/
commitment in support of peace, tolerance and the soutiens/deux-ans-apres-charlie-hommage-aux-cari-
THE WATCHDOG AND ALERT UNIT THE SUPPORT FUND freedom of expression. caturistes-sous-pression/
Cartooning for Peace has a watchdog and early Thanks to the support of the European Union in
warning committee that monitors violations against the development of its advocacy work, Cartooning NOVEMBER 2016, STRASBOURG APRIL 2017
the freedom of expression for cartoonists. It handles for Peace provides support to editorial cartoonists Global Forum on Democracy “Cartoons for Freedom of Expression”
the cases of cartoonists who are threatened, and requiring urgent help throughout the world. Nearly 2,000 political institution representatives, Ahead of May 3rd, World Press Freedom Day,
sometimes prevented from freely exercising their In collaboration with other organizations that support academics, media professionals, figures from civil Cartooning for Peace and Unesco launched a
profession, by documenting their backgrounds and journalists and human rights activists, Cartooning for society, supporters of democratic innovation projects campaign entitled “Cartoons for Freedom of
the problems to which they have been exposed, by Peace, in particular, assists in: and educators – gathered together in Strasbourg to Expression.”
informing and contacting its partners, and by giving • taking charge of legal fees for newspaper cartoon- open up new perspectives and formulate recommen- Created by committed editorial cartoonists from
visibility to the different cases, if necessary. ists who are unfairly prosecuted; dations on two principal questions discussed during around the world, this online exhibit of 15 cartoons
• getting threatened newspaper cartoonists to safety; this forum: how can education contribute to creating, combines humor, satire and tragedy in order to
The watchdog and alert unit volunteers are divided • finding appropriate care for newspaper cartoonists shaping and strengthening democracy and how can express the cartoonists’ perspective on the status of
up into geographical zones and linguistic compe- who were attacked for their work; it help reduce inequalities. the freedom of the press throughout the world, and
tency. Their work provides a significant portion of the • meeting cartoonists’ most urgent needs when they Nadia Khiari, alias Willis from Tunis, was in attendance the numerous challenges that the media and journal-
information necessary for the drafting of this report. are planning on fleeing their country due to threats in order to share her vision of the history of Tunisia ists face in order to communicate information to citi-
Volunteers have also written up several country sheets and repression. through political cartoons and as Cartooning for zens, and produce critical reports on issues of public
related to their geographical zones of expertise. Peace’s ambassador. interest.
Cartooning for Peace recognize their commitment THE HANDBOOK Discover the campaign: https://unesco.exposure.co/
and would like to thank: FOR CARTOONISTS IN DANGER NOVEMBER 2016, PARIS cartoons-for-freedom-of-expression
• Vincent Dédrié (Sciences Po/ENS): Associate Cartooning for Peace will publish, in 2017, its first “Cumhuriyet” Assembly, ADHS – The Sorbonne’s
Professor of History handbook for editorial cartoonists in danger. This Human Rights Association JAKARTA, MAY 2017
• J ade Dussart (Inalco/Université Aix-Marseille): Research handbook will provide cartoonists with necessary In November 2016, an assembly to pay homage to World Press Freedom Day
Attaché for the Asian Region – Front Line Defenders information on the protection services for human the freedom of the press and detained journalists With this year’s theme being “Critical Minds for a
• Alice Gautier (IHEAL/Université de Nanterre Paris X): rights activists to which they are eligible, as well as from the daily newspaper Cumhuriyet, was organized Critical Time: the Role of the Media in a Peaceful,
Reporter for the National Court for the Right to Asylum a list of organizations and partners who can provide by Muratcan Sabuncu, the son of the newspaper’s Just and Inclusive Society,” World Press Freedom
• Paula Osorio (IHEAL/Université Panthéon-Sorbonne them with information and help them cope with editor-in-chief. Day organized by UNESCO is the occasion to defend
Paris I): Member of the Diálogo por Venezuela potential threats. Cartooning for Peace was in attendance along- high-quality, free and independent journalism for a
Organization side Amnesty International and Reporters Without better society.
• Adèle Reiss (Université de Strasbourg/Université de Borders in order to support the cartoonist Musa Kart Cathy Wilcox, an Australian cartoonist, will be in
Montréal): Student studying Arabic language and and his journalist colleagues, arbitrarily detained attendance in Jakarta in 2017 to propose live draw-
literature since October 2016. ings and represent Cartooning for Peace.
PARTNERS Cartooning for Peace thanks its partners for their

support and assistance in the association’s advocacy mission.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SOURCES
This report could not have been made without the precious help of the The Economist Intelligence Unit d’expression », 17 février 2017 sala-de-prensa/noticias/174-supercom-
Democracy Index https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/election- sanciona-a-caricaturista-xavier-bonilla-y-
members of Cartooning for Peace’s watchdog and alert unit, as well as external https://infographics.economist. presidentielle-en-equateur-quel-avenir- diario-el-universo
volunteer contributors. Cartooning for Peace would like to thank, in particular: com/2017/DemocracyIndex/ pour-la-liberte-dexpression • http://www.supercom.gob.ec/es/sala-de-
• « Adoption de la loi organique de prensa/noticias/164-en-cumplimiento-de-la-
communication : de bons principes et ley-supercom-remite-caso-bonil-a-la-fiscalia
VLADIMIR VASAK, board member of Cartooning for Peace and THE AMERICAS - ECUADOR des clauses problématiques », 14 juin
2013, mis à jour le 16 janvier 2016 Non Governmental Organizations
investigative reporter for Arte International organizations https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/adoption- Federacion ecuatoriana de federaciones
de-la-loi-organique-de-communication- LGBTI
A journalist for Arte since the channel started in 1992, Vladimir Vasak gradu- World Bank
https://federacionlgbti.com/2016/09/04/
http://data.worldbank.org/country/ecuador de-bons-principes-et-des-clauses-
ated from the Centre de Formation des Journalistes in Paris and has an M.Phil. problematiques caricatura-de-bonil-es-denunciada-por-
OHCHR Human Rights Committee- Final parte-de-fede-lgbt/
in Business Law from the Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. He works observations, August 2016 Press
for different Arte programs, and specializes in Russia, the Balkans, the United http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/ Reporters without borders
RFI http://rsf.org/fr/actualites/caricature-
States and European questions. treatybodyexternal/Download. http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20170220- censuree-une-rectification-pleine-
aspx?symbolno=CCPR/C/ECU/ elections-equateur-fin-cycle-gauches- dhumour
CO/6&Lang=En amerique-latine
PNUD Country Information Ecuador Other sources
JONATHAN GUYER, member of the Institute of Current World Affairs http://www.ec.undp.org/content/
The Economist
Bonil’s testimony
http://www.economist.com/news/
Jonathan Guyer is a contributing editor of the Cairo Review of Global Affairs ecuador/es/home/countryinfo.html americas/21717119-under-rafael-correa-
Governmental organizations living-standards-rose-he-governed-heavy-
and a 2017-2018 fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard
France Diplomatie Ecuador, update
hand-and-leaves-lot?zid=305&ah=417bd THE AMERICAS – VILMA
University. He has written for Guernica, Harper’s, Los Angeles Review of Books, 5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a
September 2016 Non Governmental Organizations
Le Monde Diplomatique, The New Yorker, New York Times, The Paris Review, http://www.diplomatie.gouv. Le Monde
Cartoonists rights
and Rolling Stone. His research on comics, cartoons, and satire in the Middle fr/fr/dossiers-pays/equateur/ • http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/ameriques/
http://cartoonistsrights.org/cultural-
presentation-de-l-equateur/ article/2015/07/18/en-equateur-
East has been supported by fellowships from Fulbright (2012-2013) and the agency-censors-cartoonistpainter-vilma-
rafael-correa-met-au-pas-les-
Institute of Current World Affairs (2015-2017). US Department of State Country Reports medias_4688346_3222.html
vargas-in-ecuador/
on Human Rights Practices for 2016 • http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/ameriques/ Other sources
On Twitter: @mideastXmidwest – Ecuador J.M Mora’s blog
article/2017/04/04/equateur-le-socialiste-
https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/ moreno-officiellement-proclame- http://www.jrmora.com/blog/tag/
humanrightsreport/#wrapper president_5105967_3222.html ecuador/
Vilma Vargas’s testimony
Non Governmental Organizations Le Monde diplomatique Edicion
TERRY ANDERSON, board member of Cartoonists Rights Network Amnesty International Annual report Colombia
International (CNRI) and editorial cartoonist 2016-2017 – Ecuador http://www.eldiplo.info/portal/index.
php/component/k2/item/755-ley- THE AMERICAS – VENEZUELA
https://www.amnesty.org/fr/countries/
Terry Anderson sits on Cartoonists Rights Network International’s board of decomunicaci%C3%B3n-en-ecuador-
americas/ecuador/report-ecuador/ International organizations
directors and is their regional representative in Northern Europe. For more avances-y-desaf%C3%ADos
Economist Intelligence Unit PNUD Venezuela
than fifteen years he produced comics and feature illustrations for The Glasgow http://country.eiu.com/ecuador El Comercio http://www.ve.undp.org/content/
http://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/ venezuela/es/home/countryinfo.html
Herald. He is a co-ordinator at the Scottish Cartoon Art Studio, established in Freedom House crudo-ecuador-amenazas-fundamedios-
1999 and a specialist in character design, illustration, cartoon strips and scribing • Freedom in the world 2016 – Ecuador redes.html Governmental organizations
https://freedomhouse.org/report/
for private and public sector bodies. freedom-world/2016/ecuador Other sources Ministère des Affaires Étrangères français
Venezuela
In 2014 Terry organized an international cartoon exhibition on the Scottish inde- • Freedom of the press 2016 – Ecuador Bonil’s testimony http://www.diplomatie.gouv.
https://freedomhouse.org/report/
pendence referendum – The Auld Acquaintance – that was shown in six venues fr/fr/dossiers-pays/venezuela/
freedom-press/2016/ecuador
around Europe. The Scottish Cartoon Art Studio’s Fizzers® caricatures were the presentation-du-venezuela/
• Freedom on the net 2016 – Ecuador
THE AMERICAS - BONIL
subject of a ten year retrospective exhibition at The People’s Palace & Winter https://freedomhouse.org/report/ Non Governmental Organizations
freedom-net/2016/ecuador Press Amnesty International Report on
Gardens, Glasgow in 2016/17.
Fundamedios “2016: un clima negativo El Comercio Venezuela
A former student of The Kubert School of cartooning, Terry is a member of para la libertad de expresión en Ecuador” http://elcomercio.pe/mundo/ https://www.amnesty.org/fr/countries/
the Professional Cartoonists’ Organisation and The Cartoon Movement. For http://www.fundamedios. latinoamerica/ecuador-gobierno- americas/venezuela/report-venezuela/
a decade he served on the executive committee and ultimately as President org/2016-la-aplicacion-de-la-ley-de- sanciona-caricaturista-noticia-1706548 Freedom House « Collateral damage:
comunicacion-y-la-censura-en-internet- Venezuelan Cartoonist Rayma on Limits
of the Scottish Artists Union, the trade union for all visual artists working in France info Interview of Bonil 22nd of
marcan-el-clima-negativo-para-la- to Artistic Freedom »
January 2014
Scotland. He is frequently asked to broadcast, speak publicly and lead work- libertad-de-expresion-en-ecuador/ https://freedomhouse.org/blog/
El Universo
shops on the subject of cartooning.” Human Rights Watch World Report 2017 http://www.eluniverso.com/ collateral-damage-venezuelan-cartoonist-
– Ecuador opinion/2016/07/24/nota/5705763/ rayma-limits-artistic-freedom
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/ embajada-turquia Observatorio Venezolano de Violencia
country-chapters/ecuador 2016 Report
Reporters without borders Governmental organizations http://observatoriodeviolencia.org.
Cartooning for Peace would also like to warmly thank the cartoonists for their • « Election présidentielle en Supercom ve/2016-ovv-estima-28-479-muertes-
testimonies and works that appear in this report. Equateur : quel avenir pour la liberté • http://www.supercom.gob.ec/es/ violentas-en-venezuela/

Rapport Human Rights Watch Venezuela FIDH Internation Federation for Human cat=155&bul_id=OWlxdEVoYlJCS0hUZz- Fahmi Reza Malaysian cartoonist http://www.diplomatie.gouv. L’Humanité
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/ Rights Report « Russie 2012-2013 : JyRUcvZEYxZz09&menu_id=L0pheU43N- https://twitter.com/kuasasiswa fr/fr/dossiers-pays/jordanie/ http://www.humanite.fr/maroc-le-
country-chapters/venezuela l’offensive contre les libertés », janvier 2014 WJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09 https://www.youtube.com/ presentation-de-la-jordanie/ caricaturiste-khalid-gueddar-menace-de-
Reporters without borders Venezuela: https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe- France Diplomatie Malaysia watch?v=rMpNVenxYsQ US Department of State Country Reports mort-616811
attaques en série contre la liberté de la asie-centrale/russie/14548-russie-2012- http://www.diplomatie.gouv. Mong Palatino Global Voices, South East on Human Rights Practices for 2016 – Jeune Afrique
presse 2013-l-offensive-contre-les-libertes fr/fr/dossiers-pays/malaisie/ Asia Jordan, 3 mars 2017 http://www.jeuneafrique.com/360755/
https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/venezuela- Press presentation-de-la-malaisie/ https://globalvoices.org/author/mong/ http://www.ecoi.net/ societe/maroc-khalid-gueddar-
attaques-en-serie-contre-la-liberte-de- local_link/337200/466960_en.html dessinateur-certains-integristes-prets-a-
la-presse Courrier international « Russie. La Non Governmental Organizations passer-a-action-violente/
censure frappe en pleine crise de Reporters without borders Non Governmental Organizations
Súmate On the State of Democracy in Crimée », Victor Smekhuya, Courrier SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Telquel.ma
Venezuela – Freedom of expression, are • Les ennemis d’Internet, 2012 Amnesty International Annual report
international, 15 mars 2014
https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/rapport_
– BURKINA FASO & GLEZ 2016-2017 – Jordan, February 2017
http://telquel.ma/2016/09/26/
the media really independent ? http://www.courrierinternational.com/ le-caricaturiste-khalid-gueddar-demande-
http://www.sumate.org/democracia- ennemis_internet_2012.pdf International organizations http://www.ecoi.net/ une-protection-policiere-apres-des-
article/2014/03/15/la-censure-frappe-en-
retroceso/cap4_en_1.htm • Dispatches local_link/336515/466147_en.html menaces-de-mort_1516002
pleine-crise-de-crimee UNICEF
https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/affaire-1mdb- Freedom House Freedom in the world
https://www.unicef.org/french/ Caricatures & caricature
Press Russie ouverte mandat-darret-contre-la-journaliste-clare- 2016 – Jordan
« Alexeï Merinov nous parle de ce que infobycountry/burkinafaso_statistics.html http://www.caricaturesetcaricature.
Le Monde Le Bilan du Monde 2017 rewcastle-brown https://freedomhouse.org/report/
p. 143 - « Les décisions du Parlement l’on peut rire, et de ce que l’on ne peut https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/pour-rsf- Governmental organizations
com/2015/09/dessin-de-presse-et-choc-
freedom-world/2016/jordan
invalidées » pas », Zoïa Zvetova, 7 janvier 2015 le-gouvernement-malaisien-menace-
des-cultures-par-guillaume-doizy.html
https://openrussia.org/post/view/1947/
Institut National de la Statistique et de la Freedom on the net 2016 Jordan Books.openedition
http://www.lemonde.fr/international/ linteret-general Démographie (INSD) https://freedomhouse.org/report/
article/2017/01/12/venezuela- The Independent « The rise – and risks – Front Line Defenders Case history : • http://www.insd.bf/n/
http://books.openedition.org/
freedom-net/2016/jordan
les-decisions-du-parlement- of political satire in Putin’s Russia », Marc Maria Chin Abdullah • http://www.insd.bf/n/contenu/
bibpompidou/1265?lang=fr
invalidees_5061256_3210.html Bennets, 10 mai 2016 Freedom of the press 2016 Jordan Eduquerauxmedias.over
https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/ enquetes_recensements/Enq_EMC/
Actualité internationale, Venezuela http://www.independent.co.uk/arts- https://freedomhouse.org/report/ http://eduquerauxmedias.over-blog.com/
case/case-history-maria-chin-abdullah Com-Presse-EMC/Emploi%20et%20
http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/ameriques/ entertainment/the-rise-and-risks-of-political- freedom-press/2016/jordan article-33764076.html
Freedom House Ch%F4mage.pdf
article/2017/04/23/venezuela- satire-in-putins-russia-a7022436.html Human Rights Watch World Report 2017 CAIRN
https://freedomhouse.org/country/malaysia Other sources
defile-silencieux-en-hommage- BBC « Première session de la Douma – Jordan, January 2017 http://www.cairn.info/revue-societes-et-
aux-20-personnes-tuees-dans-les- d’État : l’imprimante enragée veut être Freedom of the press 2016 Damien Glez’s testimony Cartoonist https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/ representations-2015-1-page-227.htm
manifestations_5115721_3222.html de qualité », Oleg Boldyrev, Moscou, https://freedomhouse.org/report/ country-chapters/jordan
Noticias 24 « Los caricaturistas dejaron 5 octobre 2016 freedom-press/2016/malaysia
Reporters without borders Other sources
de ser chistosos » http://www.bbc.com/russian/ Amnesty International SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA • Jordan, 2017 Oum cartoon
http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/ features-37569404 https://www.amnesty.org/fr/press- https://rsf.org/fr/jordanie http://oumcartoon.tumblr.
– GADO
noticia/99043/cabello-los-caricaturistas- Le Courrier de Russie « L’opposant russe releases/2017/02/malaysia-continued- • La loi contre la cybercriminalité une com/post/150912237971/
dejaron-de-ser-chistosos-ellos-son- Ildar Dadine se dit victime de tortures persecution-of-anwar-ibrahim-symbolizes- Press nouvelle fois utilisée pour museler les assassin-veto-nahed-hattar-jordan-cartoon
politicos-y-como-tal-seran-denunciados/ en prison », 1er novembre 2016 crackdown-on-human-rights/
Le Monde Série d’été « Gado et les voix dissidentes, juin 2014
The Guardian « Venezuelan cartoonist https://www.lecourrierderussie.com/ Press « promesses brisées » kényanes» par https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/la-loi-contre-
fired over healthcare satire » societe/2016/11/opposant-russe-ildar- Bruno Meyerfeld la-cybercriminalite-une-nouvelle-fois- NORTH AFRICA
dadine-victime-tortures-prison/ BBC News Malaysia profile utilisee-pour-museler-les-voix-dissidentes
https://www.theguardian.com/
http://www.bbc.com/news/
http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/ & THE MIDDLE EAST
world/2014/sep/18/venezuelan- festival/article/2016/08/20/ Transparency International – OSAMA HAJJAJ
Research articles world-asia-pacific-15384221
cartoonist-fired-healthcare-satire gado-et-les-promesses-brisees- Jordan, 2017
Sherbrooke University- Canada The Malaysian Insider kenyanes_4985469_4415198.html https://www.transparency.org/country/JOR Press
http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/ http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/ Le Monde
Le Courrier Center for Defending Freedom of
tend/RUS/en/SP.POP.IDH.IN.html malaysia/article/najib-repeats-promise-of-
THE AMERICAS – RAYMA no-internet-censorship/
https://www.lecourrier.ch/146732/ Journalists http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/bande-
Revue Politique étrangère « Le système le_dessin_de_presse_menace_au_kenya http://english.cdfj.org/situation-grimmer- dessinee/article/2015/09/11/a-
Press Poutine, bâti pour durer ? », Tatiana Courrier International caen-des-cartoonistes-sous-haute-
Le Temps than-ever-for-jordan-press-freedom/
Le Monde Série d’été « Rayma, KASTOUÉVA-JEAN, 2015/2, pp. 53-65 • http://www.courrierinternational. surveillance_4753310_4420272.html
https://www.letemps.ch/ Doha Center for Media Freedom
terroriste graphique en exil » par Paulo Revue Droit et société com/article/2013/05/03/
culture/2017/02/16/maison-dessin- http://www.dc4mf.org/fr/content/
A.Paranagua « La liberté de la presse et des médias elections-au-dela-des-clivages-ethniques
presse-accueille-zunar-malaisien-gado- la-jordanie-censure-291-sites-
http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/festival/ en Russie », Maria ZAKHAROVA, Nicolas • http://www.courrierinternational.
tanzanien d’information NORTH AFRICA
article/2016/08/19/rayma-terroriste- PAUTHE, 2016/2 (N° 93), pp. 437-452 com/breve/2009/07/07/ & THE MIDDLE EAST
graphique-en-exil_4984820_4415198.html Géopolitique de la Russie Jean-Sylvestre
nouveau-proces-pour-anwar-ibrahim Press – ISLAM GAWISH
Mongrenier, Françoise Thom, Que Global Voices
NORTH AFRICA & THE Les clés du Moyen-Orient
Sais-Je ?, mai 2016 • https://fr.globalvoices. http://www.lesclesdumoyenorient.fr/ Non Governmental Organizations
EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA org/2016/11/25/203805/ MIDDLE EAST – ALI FERZAT La-religion-en-Jordanie.html Front line defenders
– RUSSIA • https://fr.globalvoices. Press Le Moci https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/
SOUTHERN ASIA org/2015/08/23/189515/ case/case-history-islam-gawish
International organizations Télérama « Ali Ferzat, l’homme qui a http://www.lemoci.com/fiche-pays/jordanie/
& THE PACIFIC – MALAYSIA Le Monde osé dessiner le vrai visage de Bachar Press
OCDE http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/ al-Assad » par Fanny Arlandis
https://data.oecd.org/fr/russie- International organizations article/2015/02/11/en-malaisie-apres- Le Monde
federation-de.htm
http://www.telerama.fr/monde/ CARTOONISTS AT THE AGE http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/afrique/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics la-condamnation-d-anwar-l-opposition- cet-homme-a-ose-dessiner-le-vrai-visage-
UNICEF s-attend-a-une-nouvelle-periode-de-
OF THE INTERNET : article/2016/02/01/un-caricaturiste-
http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/MY de-bachar-al-assad,151231.php
https://www.unicef.org/french/ repression_4573887_3216.html THE NAHED HATTAR STORY egyptien-arrete-pour-tenir-un-site-
PNUD internet-sans-permis_4856868_3212.html
infobycountry/russia_statistics.html http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/ RFI Press
CIA MYS http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20130524-malaisie- NORTH AFRICA & THE Le Monde Other sources
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/ World Bank trois-responsables-opposition-arretes- MIDDLE EAST – JORDAN • http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/ Islam Gawish Facebook page Elwarka
the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html http://data.worldbank.org/country/ anwar-ibrahim-razak-barisan-nasional/ article/2016/09/28/la-solitude-du- https://www.facebook.com/Gawish.
malaysia International organizations caricaturiste-marocain-khalid-gueddar- Elwarka/?pnref=lhc
Non Governmental Organizations Other sources
UNICEF Jordan, 2015 menace-de-mort_5004633_3212.html
Reporters without borders Zunar Malaysian cartoonist https://www.unicef.org/french/ • http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/
https://rsf.org/fr/classement Governmental organizations https://twitter.com/zunarkartunis infobycountry/jordan_statistics.html proche-orient/article/2016/09/26/l-
Transparency International Department of Statistics Malaysia Grafik Rebel Untuk Protes & Aktivisme ecrivain-jordanien-nahed-hattar-tue-
https://www.transparency.org/country/ https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index. (GRUPA) Malaysian activists Governmental organizations pour-une-caricature-jugee-offensante-
RUS php?r=column/cthemeByCat&- https://twitter.com/grafikrebel France Diplomatie Jordan, February 2017 pour-l-islam_5003209_3218.html

This report was drafted with the support of the European Union.
The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Cartooning for Peace
and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

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Cartooning For Peace Report Situation Cartoonists 2016 - 2017

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REPORT ON THE SITUATION

REPORT ON THE SITUATION

Copyright © 2017 Cartooning for Peace all rights reserved

Cover: © Riber (Sweden)

Back cover: © Mana Neyestani (Iran)

Graphics: Suzanne Guetteville

Translation: Heather Simon

52 Cartooning for Peace

“NEVER GIVE UP”

6 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 7

Unique witnesses of current events and veritable barometers of the freedom

Based on the information collected between 2016 and April 2017 by

Thanks to their ability to make people smile, transcend borders and

✏ the promotion of the editorial cartoon as a means of defending human

8 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 9

10 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 11

ECUADOR The Ecuadorian

12 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 13

Accustomed to trials and courtrooms, the

From top to bottom From left to right

14 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 15

KEY POLITICAL SITUATION fired from her newspaper after 19 years of

16 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 17

18 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 19

The pressures facing cartoonists also come

Opponents have also violently intimidated

20 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 21

sure than at any other time,” he said. As for

22 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 23

AND ONE DAY,

24 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 25

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Simultaneously, he faces nine charges on

32 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 33

EATEN FISH Eaten Fish is young, just 25 years old, and

34 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 35

BURKINA FASO The absence of

36 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 37

On February 28th, the article “It’s all fun

38 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 39

LEAGUE” OF French magazine’s blasphemous illustrations, many artists in

CARTOONISTS upsetting the sensitivities of religious zealots. ISIS has intim-

40 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 41

From left to right

That Hattar was on trial for sharing a blasphemous

42 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 43

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Since then, Gueddar, also the

46 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 47

OSAMA HAJJAJ EGYPT

48 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 49

A government mistake or an intimidation

50 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 51

CARTOONING MAY 2016, GENEVA

ADVOCACY WORK Advocacy

PARTNERS Cartooning for Peace thanks its partners for their

52 • CARTOONING FOR PEACE REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF CARTOONISTS WORLDWIDE 2016/2017 • 53

52 Cartooning for Peace