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Computer Graphics Assignment

Monochrome adapter, Hercules Adapter, color graphic adapter, enhanced graphic adapter, and multicolor graphic adapter

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Dave McClaren
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70 views3 pages

Computer Graphics Assignment

Monochrome adapter, Hercules Adapter, color graphic adapter, enhanced graphic adapter, and multicolor graphic adapter

Uploaded by

Dave McClaren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER GRAPHICS

ASSIGNMENT
Q1. Explain Monochrome adapter, Hercules Adapter, color graphic adapter, enhanced
graphic adapter, and multicolor graphic adapter.

Monochrome Adapter

Short for Monochrome Display Adapter, MDA is the first text-only video display standard
from IBM capable of displaying at a maximum of 80x25 characters in two colors. Today, MDA
is no longer used.

Hercules Adapter

This adapter, introduced by Hercules Computer Technology, Inc., provided MDA compatibility
and extensions for graphics at 720x348 pixel addressability. Due to its popularity, several other
vendors released cards with Hercules compatibility modes, but unfortunately few are 100%
compatible.

Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)


The CGA, released by IBM, supports 4 colors in graphics mode and 8 in text mode at a pixel
addressability of 640x200. The CGA provides a vertical refresh of 60 Hz with a horizontal
refresh of 18.43 kHz. This limited pixel addressability results in text which is considerably worse
than that provided by the MDA. An additional problem is that processor access to the CGA
interferes with screen refreshes, causing 'snow' on the monitor. This results in an irritating flicker
in some programs.

Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)


The next offering by IBM has a pixel addressability of 640x350 and offers the display of 16
colors out of a palette of 64. It offers backwards compatibility with the CGA. EGA displays
(Enhanced Color Displays) have a 60 Hz vertical refresh rate and horizontal refresh rates of
15.75 or 21.8 kHz.

Multicolor Graphic Adapter


Multi-Color Graphics Array or Memory Controller Gate Array (MCGA) was the IBM name for
what would later become part of the generic Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard. The IBM
PS/2 Model 25, introduced in 1987, shipped with MCGA video subsystem built into the
mainboard.
MCGA was similar to VGA in that it had a 256-color mode, but that was the extent of the
chipset's abilities. VGA included a number of high-resolution display modes, but the 256-color
mode proved most popular for gaming. The 256-color mode in VGA was sometimes referred to
as MCGA even though MCGA only existed on the PS/2. No standalone MCGA cards were ever
made although IBM tried to introduce it as a cut-price version of VGA; but nonetheless, the
capabilities of VGA were worth the value.

Display modes supported by MCGA were all CGA modes plus 640×480 monochrome, 60


Hz refresh rate, and 320×200, 256 colors (out of a palette of 262,144) at 70 Hz refresh
rate. The display adapter used a 15-pin D-shell connector. Monochrome text modes compatible
with the 5151 monitor were not supported.

Q2. What are Graphic Libraries? Explain its advantages.

Graphic Libraries

A graphics library is a program library designed to aid in rendering computer graphics to a


monitor. This typically involves providing optimized versions of functions that handle
common rendering tasks. This can be done purely in software and running on the CPU, common
in embedded systems, or being hardware accelerated by a GPU, more common in PCs. By
employing these functions, a program can assemble an image to be output to a monitor. This
relieves the programmer of the task of creating and optimizing these functions, and allows them
to focus on building the graphics program. Graphics libraries are mainly used in video
games and simulations

Advantages

• Readily available, does not have to be designed.


• Saves time/cost of employing specialist designers.
• Lots of images on page, can compare images.
• Categories of images are predefined/grouped.
• Do not have to create from scratch.
• Images do not have to be designed.
• Image can be used immediately.

Q3. What are Computer graphics tools?

The computer graphics tools are:

1. Notebooks
2. Creative Software
3. Large HD Monitor
4. Wacom Tools
5. External Hard Drive
6. Monitor Calibrator
7. iMac Pro
8. Procreate
9. Sketch
10. Ergonomic Furniture

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