Introduction to

Project Management
Delivering Customer Value

Semen Cirit
February 12, 2016
•What is methodology?
•Who uses methodologies?
•Several types of methodologies
oWaterfall
oSDLC
oRAD
oAgile

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• Multi-step approach to systems development
• Influences the quality of the Final product
• Comprehensive
• Consistent method with the Organizations management
style.

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• Most Organizations and Firms Today
o IBM, Microsoft, Monsanto, NASA etc.
• Majority of Organizations and Firms use a specific type
of methodology that is tailored to their needs.

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• Systems Development
o Guidelines or References
o Step by Step process
 Leads to final product

• Analysis
o Information
 Gathered and Used to help the development process

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• The Waterfall Methodology
• The SDLC Methodology
• The RAD Methodology
• Agile Methodologies

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• Overview
o Introduced by W.W. Royce in 1970
o It was later redesigned using a more iterative process, unfortunately this
way was ignored resulting in the current Waterfall methodology
o Most System Analysts do not like the Waterfall Method
o Each phase must be completed perfectly
o There is no overlap or moving backward in phases

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• Phases
o Requirements: The requirements of the system are collected and set in
stone.
o Design: A blueprint is made for the programmers using the previously
collected requirements.
o Implementation: System components are designed by coders and
integrated together.,
o Testing: After integration the system is tested and bugs are removed.
o Installation & Maintenance: The final installation of the system is
done at this phase. Users are trained and the system is maintained by
the system designers.

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• Pros
o Time spent early in production can save a company hundreds of
thousands of dollars.
o More emphasis is placed on documentation than any other methods.
• Cons
o Impossible to know exactly what is needed in each phase of the software
process before some time is spent in the phase following it.
o Requirments are locked in too early leaving no room for user feedback
and modification.
o Too much emphasis on deadlines rather than user requirments.

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 Planning
Maintenance First phase
Fifth phase

Analysis
Second
phase
Implementation
Fourth phase

Design
Third phase

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• Phases
o Planning
 Identification phase
 Needs are examined as a whole
o Analysis
 Studies current procedures and Info Systems
 Sub phase - Requirement determination
o Design
 Convert alternative solutions
 Inputs and Outputs
 Reports, databases, computer processes

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• Implementation
o System and Written specs turned over to programmers
o Implementation process
 Coding, testing, installation
• Maintenance
o Systems are in operation
o Specific problems or changes are made

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 Requirements Planning

User Design

Construction

Cutover

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• Overview
o Methodology used to decrease time in development
process.
 Efficient and Cheaper
o Allows systems, developers and end users work
together from the beginning.

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• Phases
o RAD phases are similar to SDLC
 Shortened and Combined – simplifies the
development process.
 Eliminates time consuming activities.
 Coordinating with existing standards and systems
during the Design and Development phases
o RAD focuses on Prototyping
 Prototyping becomes the basis for the new system

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 Introduction to
Agile Project Management
Delivering Customer Value with Speed, Economy &
Quality

Semen Cirit
NETAS
February 12, 2016
• Why APM?
o History of Agile and Lean
o The Agile Landscape
o Key Agile Principles
o Key Agile Practices
o Complexity Theory Distilled
o Adaptive Project Model
o The Agile Manager’s Role
o Transitioning to APM

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Why APM?
As consumers today we want and expect
innovative products: faster, cheaper and with
better quality than those we’ve seen in the past.
As knowledge workers, our business tools
have improved our capability to be productive,
raising work expectations.
 However,
Instead of this…

Expectations
Consumer
Expectations

Business Productivity driving Customer value

We usually get this…

Consumer
Expectations

Misalignment of Value definitions

Or all too often, this.

Expectations
Consumer
Expectations

Business

Orthogonal opposition to Customer Value

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What is APM?
History & Influences Evolution
Early 1900s Early 1990s
 Crystal Methods
 Walter Shewhart: Plan-Do-Study-Act
 Lean Software Development
Mid 1900s
 Dynamic Software Development Method
 Edward Deming: SPC, TQM (DSDM)
 Toyota: Toyota Production System (TPS) Mid 1990s
 Peter Drucker: Knowledge Worker  Feature Driven Development (FDD)
Late 1900s  eXtreme Programming (XP)
 Adaptive Software Development
 Womack and Jones: Lean Thinking
 Scrum
 Eli Goldratt: Theory of Constraints
 Kanban
 The Toyota Way
2001: Manifesto for Agile Software
Development
 http://www.agilemanifesto.org
2005: Declaration of Interdependence
 http://www.pmdoi.org/
Agile Methodologies Corporate IT Leading Second Wave of Agile
 eXtreme Programming Adoption
Kent Beck, Ward Cunningham, Ron Jeffries
 Scrum
Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland Agile software development processes are in use at 14% of
 Crystal Methods
North American and European enterprises, and another
Alistair Cockburn 19% of enterprises are either interested in adopting Agile
 Feature Driven Development or already planning to do so.
Jeff DeLuca
 Dynamic Systems Development Method Early adopters of Agile processes were primarily small
DSDM Consortium
high-tech product companies. But a second wave of
 Kanban
adoption is now underway, with enterprise IT shops taking
David Anderson
the lead.
Agile Management Frameworks
 Agile Project Management These shops are turning to Agile processes to cut time-to-
Jim Highsmith, Sanjiv Augustine market, improve quality, and strengthen their relationships
 eXtreme Project Management with business stakeholders.
Rob Thomsett, Doug DeCarlo
 Scaled Agile Framework Carey Schwaber, Forrester Research
Dean Leffingwell
Nov 30, 2005

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Key Agile principles are: Delivering Customer Value with
Agile Project Management
 Focus on Customer Value – Align
project, product and team visions to The right product, at the right time, for the
deliver better product quality – right price.
faster and cheaper.
 Small Batches - Create a flow of • Higher Quality: “Designed-to-fit”
value to customers by “chunking” product with flexibility to change.
feature delivery into small
increments. • Increased Throughput: Iterative and
 Small, Integrated Teams - Intense incremental project and product “chunks”
collaboration via face-to-face with earlier value delivery.
communication, collocation, etc;
diversified roles on integrated, self- • Reduced Waste: Lean, efficient processes
organizing, self-disciplined teams. with lower costs and higher productivity.
 Small, Continuous Improvements
– Teams reflect, learn and adapt to
change; work informs the plan.
 Key Agile Practices

Key Agile Practices:

 Sprint Planning
 Daily Scrum/Standup
 Fixed-length sprints
 Sprint Review
 Sprint Retrospective

Identify top-priority items

and deliver them rapidly
using:
• Small batches
• Small integrated teams
• Small, continuous improvements

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 Living systems are complex, in that they
consist of a great many autonomous agents
interacting with each other in many ways
 The interaction of individual agents is
governed by simple, localized rules and
characterized by constant feedback
 Collective behavior is characterized by an
overlaying order, self-organization, and a
collective intelligence so unified that the
group cannot be described as merely the
sum of its parts
 Complex order, known as emergent order,
arises from the system itself, rather than
from an external dominating force
 These complex, self-organizing Complex
Adaptive Systems (CAS) are adaptive in
that they react differently under different
circumstances, and co-evolve with their
environment
A chaordic project harmoniously blends characteristics of both chaos and
order – freedom and control, optimization and exploration, competition and
cooperation.
Agile projects can be seen as chaordic:
 Competition and Collaboration
 Agents: Individuals
 Mental Models: Vision and alignment
 Groups: Project teams
 Emergence and Self-Organization
 Interactions/Feedback: Information
exchange and relationships among
individuals
 Simple Rules: XP/Scrum/FDD Practices
 Learning and Adaptation
 Learning: Observation, monitoring,
measurement and reflection
 Adaptation: Process changes, team
adjustments
 Environment: Project environment
Agile Project Management (APM) is:
 Leading project teams in creating and responding to change
through:
 Small batches
 Small, integrated teams
 Small, continuous improvements

 Light touch leadership: the work of energizing, empowering and

enabling project teams to rapidly and reliably deliver customer
value:
 By engaging customers, and
 Continuously learning and adapting to their changing needs and
environments

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While many traditional project management skills translate to
APM, some transitions are necessary:
Agile Project Management Traditional Project Management
Focus on customer satisfaction and Focus on plans and artifacts
interaction
Response to change via adaptive action Change controlled via corrective action
Progressive elaboration, rolling-wave Monumental up-front planning
planning
Customer prioritized, time-boxed delivery Manager negotiated, scope-based
delivery
Commitment management via feature Activity management via work
breakdown structure breakdown structure
Collaboration on self-disciplined and self- Top-down control
organizing teams
Minimal set of context-sensitive, generative Prescriptive, heavyweight methods
practices

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Web Sites Books (continued)
 http://www.agilealliance.org  Lean Software Development – An Agile
 http://www.apln.org Toolkit, Mary and Tom Poppendieck
 http://www.scrumalliance.org  Lean Thinking and Lean Solutions, Womack
and Jones
Books  Agile Software Development with Scrum, Ken
 Agile and Iterative Development: A Manager’s Schwaber and Mike Beedle
Guide, Craig Larman  Agile Estimating and Planning, Mike Cohn
 Managing Agile Projects, Sanjiv Augustine
 Agile Project Management, Jim Highsmith  User Stories Applied, Mike Cohn
 Agile Software Development, Alistair Cockburn
 Fearless Change, Linda Rising and Mary Lynn
Manns