Saint Mary’s University

School of Health and Natural Sciences

BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA 3700

A Botanical Monograph of the Tawa-tawa Plant

A Laboratory Activity

Presented to:

Ma’am Arlene L. Tabaquero

Botany 5036

School of Health and Natural Sciences

Bayombong, Nueva vizcaya 3700

In the Fulfillment of the Requirements for the First Semester

2020-2021

Presented by:

EJ R. AGSALDA

December 2020
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Abstract

E. hirta, (Tawa-Tawa) of Genus Euphorbia is a putative medicinal plant with arrays of medicinal use.
Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antiamoebic and antifungal
activities are just some of its recorded properties. Decoction of this plant is also associated with
significant increase in platelet production in animal models making it a significant alternative medicine
in treat dengue patients. Fresh sample plants samples were collected, gathered and analyzed to
comprehensively describe its morpho-anatomic characteristics. The root system of E.hirta is a taproot
system with a distinct and well developed primary root. The stem has a monopodial branching pattern,
stipules are present and generally covered with adpressed pubescent. The leaf is simple, oppositely
distichous, lancoeolate-oblong, serrated; the base is, asymmetric, having obliquely rounded on one side
and cuneate on the other side; acute at apex. The inflorescence is monoecious, terminal and axillary in
globuse clusters of cythium. The male and female florets are condensed in one involucre and both
apetalate.

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Unit 1. Introduction

Genus Euphorbia of family Euphorbiaceae, (spurge family), is among the largest of the ‘‘giant

genera’’ of flowering plants with over 2000 currently recognized species (Govaerts et al. 2000; Frodin

2004, Horn et al., 2012). Genus euphorbia as one of the many taxa of plants, is considered to have

significant economic and medicinal values. Characterized by a milky juice exude by all of its species (Kumar

et al. 2017), this taxa has been considered as treatment for skin diseases, gonorrhea, migraine, and

intestinal parasites and as wart cures (Singla, 1990, Shi, Su, & Kiyota, 2008).

One of the prevalent species of genus Euphorbia is Euphorbia hirta. E. hirta is commonly known

as asthma weed, hairy spurge (English), Tawa-Tawa, Gatas-Gatas or Butobutonis (Philippines). It is also

known as Chamaesyce hirta L. E. capitata Lam. E. globulifera H.B.K., E. modiflora Steud. And E. obliterata

Jacq. (cabi.org 2017). E. hirta as an herb, is frequently seen occupying an open waste spaces and

grasslands, road sides, and pathways (Muhammad Abubakar 2009).

In the regions of Asia and Australia, E.hirta is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety

of medical conditions including asthma, coughs, diarrhea, and dysentery. Furthermore, a prepared

decoction of this herb is used to treat asthma, oral thrush, boils, sores, and skin and wound infections. In

addition, it has been used as an antispasmodic, antipruritic, carminative, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge,

galactogogue, purgative and vermifuge in the eastern, western and central African regions (Muhammad

Abubakar, 2009)

In the Philippines, E. hirta’s decoction is widely used as folkloric treatment to dengue (Apostol et

al. 2012). In an assessment of the anecdotal and traditional self-care of the indigenous communities in

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Pangasinan, there is a relative importance and high FL (Fidelity Levels) in the used dosage forms of the

decoction of leaves and bark of E.hirta. It means that in these communities, using E. hirta traditionally was

identified to be effective against most symptoms of dengue in the initial, febrile, and recovery stages

(Guzman et al. 2016).

Studies have been conducted with the efficacy of using E. hirta in platelet production. In the study

of Apostol et al, 2012, it has shown that there is a significant increase in the platelet count and decrease

in bleeding and clotting times in Sprague-Dawley rats after treated with lyophilized decoction of E. hirta.

Furthermore, it was concluded that E. hirta improved the healing mechanism of the animal model,

promotes cell production and prevents platelet destruction. However, it was identified that the aqueous

extract of E. hirta also is exerting an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in rat paw oedema

(Hiermann and Bucar 1994). It was supported by the identification of presence of p-coumaric acid, α-

amyrin, and β-amyrin in E. hirta which are compounds with proven inhibiting antiplatelet activity

particularly in platelet aggregation. (Luceri et al., 2007; Aragão et al., 2007).

1.1 Laboratory Objectives

The main objective of this Laboratory activity is to produce proper identification of the plant

morphology in order to promote the use of the plant E. hirta (Tawa-Tawa) as a sustainable plant to lessen

the environmental problem in the Philippines.

The other objectives of this Laboratory activity are as follows:

(1) The researcher will chose a plant that can be found within the locality. After choosing one plant the

researcher will then proceed to (2) research for the geographical distribution of the plant and the

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environmental conditions favoring the plants growth. (3) To search for the scientific name of the chosen

plant including the plant’s taxonomic classification. (4) To capture an actual photographs of the whole

plant and to identify its plant morphology. (5) To research on the uses of the plant (ex: the roots of the

plant are boiled and the resulting syrup is used as a cure for cough; the flowers are used in treating

diabetes by pulverizing the petals and mixing the powder with a cup of water etc.).(6) Research for places

in the Philippines where this plant is grown and the technologies used in growing them. (7) Propose a

project that may make use of the plant in solving one environmental problem in the Philippines and

discuss how the project is going to be done.

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Unit 2. The Tawa-tawa Plant

A. Scientific Name Taxonomic Classification of Tawa-tawa

a.) Scientific Name

(Euphorbia hirta L.) is an annual plant which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. Euphorbiaceae is

one of the large families of angiosperms that comprises of 300 genera and about 7500 species.

b.) Local Name

Euphorbia hirta is known by various names which are given in different countries of the world,

according to their language. In English is typically called snake weed. In India and Pakistan, it is called

Dudhi or Dudhani. Other vernacular names of Euphorbia hirta are Sheer jiyah, Dhudi Kalan (Unani),

Raktavinduchada (Sanskrit), asthma weed, milk weed, cat’s hair (Australian), Brokeruee, Barakeru

(Bengali), Tawa-Tawa (Kinaray), Nanbala, Bidarie (Telugu), Nayeti, Goverdhan, Dudhali (Mah) and

Amumpatchaiyariss (Tami). In China, it is called Feiyangcao, Jiejiehua, Dafeiyang and Daruzhicao; in

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Malaysia: kelusan, Ambin jantan; in Indonesia: Daun biji kacang, in Papua New Guinea: kiki kana kuku, in

Philippines: Botobotonis, (Tagalog), gatas-gatas; in Laos: ungl yang, Mouk may; in Thailand: Nam

nomraatchasee (central), yaa nam muek; in French: euphorbepilulifere, Euphorbea fleusentete, in Liberia:

tuagbono and in Norway: Demba sindji.

c.) Taxonomic Classification

Euphorbia Hirta comes from the Domain Eukaryota under the Kingdom Plantae. Its phylum is

under Spermatophyta. A phylum embracing the highest plants, or those that produce seeds; the seed

plants, or flowering plants. They form the most numerous group, including over 120,000 species. Under

phylum spermatophyte E hirta is classified as Angiospermae. Angiospermerms are also known as

flowering plants. Under its sub phylum, its class if from Dicotyledonae. Dicotyledonae are also called as

dicots that consist of two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. E hirta. Also comes from order Euphorbiales

within the family of Euphorbiaceae. The Euphorbiaceae are a large family of flowering plants that

comprises of some 7,500 species and 275 genera of flowering plants distributed primarily in the tropics.

Its Genus is under Euphorbia. The genus Euphorbia was named after Euphorbus, physician to King Juba of

Muritania, an ancient country of northern Africa. The specific name, hirta, has reference to the peculiar

hairy condition of the plant (Pope, 1968).

B. Geographical Distribution of Tawa-tawa (Quirino Province)

There are no researches involved in examining the geographical distributions of the Tawa-tawa in

the province of Quirino. However, as I can tell Tawa-tawa grows abundantly within my locality because

whenever I walk to the road sides or wild lands I can see many Tawa tawa plant growing without any

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external disturbances. The population of Quirino is relatively small because of the few population of

Qurino the distribution Tawa-tawa plant has grown rapidly. Many streets and forest lands are not being

disturb by humans. Also, the temperature here in quirino is another factor affecting the growing

population of the Taw-tawa plants.

C. The Tawa-tawa plant and its parts

a.) Morphology of the Roots

The root of E. hirta is a typical taproot system, growing positively geotropic. The primary root is

dominant, distinct and enlarged at the base of the stem. Generally, the primary root is cylindrical in shape

by which lateral roots (as the secondary and tertiary roots) are arising and spreading below the ground

and laterally. (Fig. 1-A.). These root characteristics are typical of eudicots.

Figure 1. Root Morphology of E. hirta. A.). A distinct primary root is observable in the root system of E.
hirta.The secondary root is emerging from the PR. B.). A Taproot System is observable among all the
samples, no other modifications were recorded. [PR-Primary Root, SR-Secondary Root]

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b.) Morphology of the Stem

The stem of E. hirta is caulescent. It is erected, ascending to decumbent. It is cylindrical and often

reddish or green in appearance and growing to 10-75 cm long. The stem has a strong pubescent adpressed

vestiture; yellow-brown uniseriate multicellular trichrome are growing 1.5 mm shorter or longer

(“ThEuphorbia”, 2017). The base is woody and sparingly branched in monopodial pattern at the middle.

Figure2. Morphological Features of the Stem. A.) The node has distinct linear stipules which are connate
at the base. [PI-Petiole of the Inflorescence, PL-Petiole of the Leaf, STp-Stipules]

c.) Morphology of the Leaf

The leaves are simple with a very short petiole and is arranged oppositely distichous. These may

be green or red in color and sometimes with purple blotch on the adaxial side. There is a dense hair along

the veins in the abaxial side and a scattered hairs on the adaxial side. The blade is lanceolate-oblong, or

ovate-lanceolate in shape. Its base is asymmetric, having obliquely rounded on one side and cuneate on

the other side. In addition, the apex is acute and the margin is serrate to serrulate. It has 3–5 pairs of

lateral veins arising base or slightly above the base initiated along the blade.

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Figure 3. Morphological characteristics of the Leaf. A.) The abaxial side of the leaf is pale green. A dense
pilose is present in this region. B.) A purple blotch is present on the adaxial side of the leaf. A scattered
pilosity is present in this side of the leaf. C. the Apex of the leaf is acute. The margin of the blade is
serrulate. D.) The base of the leaf is asymmetrical. Obliquely rounded on one side and cuneate on the
other side. A trinerved venation is observable in the membranous leaf. [Ab-Abaxial side, Ad-Adaxial Side,
Ap-Apex. Ba-Base]

d.) Morphology of the Flower, Fruit and Seed

The inflorescence called ‘cyathium’ is present. It is clustered in dense cymose situated at the

terminal or at the upper nodal regions of the stem. The flowers are monoecious; androecium and

gynoecium are assembled in the same companulate involucre. 4-5 staminate florets are present in the

cyathium. These florets are sessile with pedicles devoid of hair (glabrous). Also, bristle-like bracteole is

present and the anthers are subglubose. Similarly, the perianth is absent in the florets. Moreover, a

pistillate flower is exserted in the involucre. The fruit of E. hirta, is sharply trigonous covered with

adpressed pubescent. It is a capsule dehiscent with three angled locules containing each a single seed.

The seeds are reddish brown in color. It is oblong in shape and tetragonal; subtruncate at base region and

obtuse at the apex. The sides are transversely furrowed with no caruncle.

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D. Uses of the Plant

1. Anti-Diabetic / Lipid Effect: Study of ethanolic extracts of leaf, flower and stem on streptozotocin-

induced diabetic mice showed significant reduction in blood glucose levels. Biochemical effects showed

significant decreases in serum cholesterol with elevation of HDL. Results showed EH has antidiabetic

action and suggests further study for isolation of responsible compound. (15) Study of crude methanol

extract of whole plant showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-

induced diabetic rats. “In-vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Euphorbia hirta L” Sangeeta

Devi, Muneesh Kumar. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2017.

2. Antibacterial: Antibacterial Activities and Toxicological Potentials of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of

Euphorbia hirta: The study showed the ethanolic extract to inhibit the growth of test isolates except

Salmonella typhi. The antibacterial effect was attributed to the presence of alkaloids, tannins and

flavonoids which have been shown to have antibacterial properties. The results support its use in

traditional medicine. “Antibacterial Activities and Toxicological Potentials of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of

Euphorbia hirta.” Chika C Ogueke et al. Journal of American Science, 2007.

3. Platelet Effect / Dengue Treatment: Study of decoction of tawa-tawa leaves on Sprague-Dawley rats

showed an increase in platelet counts without notable effects on RBC and WBC counts. The increase was

attributed to stimulation of platelet production in the bone marrow. “A study on the Mechanism of

Platelet Increasing Activity of the Decoction and Ethanolic Extraction of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae)

as treatment for dengue by Anne Natividad”. Hazel Lopez et. al.

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4. Tawa-tawa Active Ingredients in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Study evaluated tawa-tawa's curative

properties in a rat model mimicking dengue hemorrhagic fever with thrombocytopenia induced by

ethanol, chloramphenicol, and heparin. The tawa-tawa decoction increased by platelet count by 47%

depending on the drug used to induce thrombocytopenia, bleeding time was decreased to 62% while

blood clotting time decreased to 58% compared to control. Study proposes that tawa-tawa promoted cell

production and prevented platelet destruction. The platelet effect was attributed to phenolic

constituents. “Ethnopharmacological studies on the uses of Euphorbia hirta in the treatment of dengue in

selected indigenous communities in Pangasinan (Philippines).” De guzman et.al 2016.

5. Wound Healing / Antibacterial against Surgical Wound Pathogens / Leaves and Stems: Study

evaluated methanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of E. hirta for antimicrobial activity by

agar well diffusion method against bacterial isolated from surgical wounds viz., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P.

mirabilis, and S. aureus. Results showed significant inhibitory effect on most the test bacteria, especially

P. mirabilis. The methanol extract showed greater efficacy than the aqueous extracts. At concentration of

150 µL, the extracts showed more effect than antibiotics on most bacterial species. “The Inhibitory Effect

of Euphorbia Hirta Extracts against Some Wound Bacteria Isolated from Yemeni Patients” Alhalhe et.al.

2019.

6. Effect on Arthritis and Cartilage Degeneration: Study investigated the effect of water extracts of E.

hirta on histological features and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors

of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in articular cartilage. E. hirta displayed dose-dependent effects on

MMP-13 and TIMP-1 levels. These are mediators involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Results suggest

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E. hirta may be a viable alternative to arthritis treatments. “The effect of water extracts of Euphorbia hirta

on cartilage degeneration in arthritic rats” Chakravarthi et.al 2008.

7. Hepatoprotective against Antitubercular Drug-Induced Cytotoxicity: Study investigated the protective

effect of E. hirta against antitubercular drug-induced cytotoxicity in freshly isolated hepatocytes. Extent

of cytotoxicity was analyzed using human liver derived HepG2 cell line. There was a dose-dependent

increase in percent viability when HepG2 cells exposed to antitubercular drugs were treated with various

concentrations of plant extracts. Results suggest hepatoprotection against drug-induced cytotoxicity.

“Evaluation of wound healing activity of the polyherbal and Euphorbia hirta formulations.” Ganju. African

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol.7. 2013.

8. Lactogenic / Antioxidant: Study investigated the effect of E. hirta on milk production, antioxidant

property, and acute and subacute oral toxicity. The plant exhibited strong antioxidant potential on DPPH,

FRAP, and lipid peroxidation assays. Toxicity testing showed no mortality or signs of toxicity or changes in

hematologic or biochemical parameters at test limit of 2000 mg/kbw by OECD guidelines. Extract treated

rats produced high milk than blank and reference controls, suggesting presence of phytochemical

compounds which may stimulate milk production in mammalians. “Phytochemical composition, toxicity,

antioxidant and lactogenic activities of euphorbia hirta (L.).” Bale Et.al. International Journal of Advanced

Research.

9. Anti-Cancer: Extracts of tawa-tawa have been seemed to demonstrate selective cytotoxicity action

against numerous cancer cells. This plant is beneficial in effective cure of cancer, especially squamous cell

carcinomas and malignant melanomas.

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E. Places where the Tawa-tawa plant grows

According to Tungol-Paredes 2014. “A non-concurrent cohort study on the use of Euphorbia

hirta Linn. (tawa-tawa) in dengue” “tawa-tawa,” is a hairy herb grown in open grasslands, roadsides, and

pathways and with a pantropic distribution. More over as presented to the Generated Reports. Tawa-

tawa is present in various places and continents not only in South East Asian regions.

The distribution in the summary table below is based on all the information available. When

several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status.

Continent/Country/Region Distribution Reference

Africa
Angola Present Holm et al. (1979)
Cameroon Present CABI (Undated)
Egypt Present Holm et al. (1979)
Ethiopia Present Holm et al. (1979)
Ghana Present Holm et al. (1979)
Guinea Present CABI (Undated)
Kenya Present Holm et al. (1979)
South Africa Present Holm et al. (1979)
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Reference
North America
Dominican Republic Present Holm et al. (1979)
El Salvador Present Holm et al. (1979)
Guatemala Present Holm et al. (1979)
Honduras Present Holm et al. (1979)
Jamaica Present Holm et al. (1979)
Mexico Present Holm et al. (1979)
Florida Present Locascio and Stall (1983)
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Reference
South America
Argentina Present Holm et al. (1979)
Brazil Present Holm et al. (1979)
Alagoas Present CABI (Undated b)
Amazonas Present CABI (Undated b)

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Bahia Present CABI (Undated b)

Ceara Present CABI (Undated b)
Espirito Santo Present CABI (Undated b)
Fernando de Noronha Present CABI (Undated b)
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Reference
Europe
Russia Present Holm et al. (1979)
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Reference
Asia
Bangladesh Present Holm et al. (1979)
Bhutan Present Parker (1992)
Cambodia Present CABI (Undated b)
China Present CABI (Undated b)
Fujian Present CABI (Undated b)
Bangladesh Present CABI (Undated b)
Bhutan Present CABI (Undated b)
India Present CABI (Undated b)

F. Technologies used in Growing the Plant

Hydroponic Culture

Hydroponics is the practice of growing plants without soil. Plants may be suspended in water or

grown in a variety of solid, inert media, including vermiculite (a mineral), sand, and rock wool (fiberglass

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insulation). In these cases, water that permeates the medium provides the nutrients, while the medium

provides support for root structures. Hydroponics allows precise control of nutrient levels and

oxygenation of the roots. Many plants grow faster in hydroponic media than in soil, in part because less

root growth is needed to find nutrients.

Medicinal plants are increasingly cultivated on a commercial scale to satisfy the large demand for

natural remedies. These species are generally grown in open field, which results in large year-to-year

variability in both biomass production and content of active principles. Hydroponic technology may be

applied to produce high-standard plant material all year-round in consideration of the possibility to

control growing conditions and to stimulate secondary metabolism by appropriate manipulation of

mineral nutrition. A series of experiments were conducted between 2005 and 2010 at the University of

Pisa to investigate the application of the floating raft growing system for the greenhouse cultivation of

echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia DC) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), which are typically cultivated for

their roots and leaves, respectively. Growth and content of distinctive caffeic acid derivatives (CADs),

specifically echinacoside in echinacea and rosmarinic acid in basil, were determined. Both species grew

rapidly and healthy and in two to four months they accumulated large biomass with minimal

contamination. Nevertheless, in echinacea the high biomass production was not associated with high

levels of CADs and the concentration of echinacoside (the marker compound used for quality

standardization) never reached the minimum standard (1% on a dry weight basis) for the industrial

production of dry extract. “Growing medicinal plants in hydroponic culture” R. Maggini. Et al. International

Society for Horticultural Science. 2020.

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Unit 3. Project Proposal

Feasibility of Euphorbia hirta. Leaf extract as an alternative Organic Pesticide.

The Philippines is predominantly an agriculture-dependent country; about one-third of the land

area of 30 million hectares (ha) is classified as agricultural lands. Agriculture has contributed about 20%

to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), 24% to total export earnings, and 46% to total employment

in the last 15 years [Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) 2003]. Agriculture accounted for 19.6% of the

GDP in 2003. Because of that every year the Philippine usage in using Pesticides increases because of the

Insects that can possibly destroy huge amount of crops and rice field in most Provinces in the Philiipines

thus affecting the Agricultural society and the country’s gross domestic value.

However the use of pesticides in Philippine agriculture continues to increase despite the adoption

and promotion of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program. Insecticides constitute approximately

55%, fungicides 22% and herbicide 16% of the pesticides used in the country for rice, corn, vegetables and

plantation crops. The extensive use of pesticides and the risks they pose to human health and the

environment are now the focus of national concern and interest. Environmental problems to be addressed

as a consequence of pesticide use are: (a) pollution of ground and surface water: (b) increased resistance

of pest populations to pesticides; and (c) impact on non-target organisms; i.e. reduction of beneficial

insects, soil micro and macro organisms; biomagnification, and pesticide residue transmittal within the

food web.

Pesticides contributes to the distortion of our environment but also pesticides are costly and

buying proper pesticides and fertilizers has been a common farmers problem because it costs too much

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and the budget to be spend for labor work has been cut off; to prior give access to these agricultural

components. Not only that it costs too much, it also poisons the soil, making it acidic. This is why the

researcher wanted to propose a project determining the Feasibility of Euphorbia hirta. Leaf extract as an

alternative Organic Pesticide.

This project proposal aims to extract the same compound for killing insects found in the leaves

of Euphorbia hirta. In order to assess its feasibility to pest and as an organic affordable pesticide for the

farmers.

This project proposal will not only answer the environmental problems faced by using too much

industrial and synthetic pesticides but it also answers the financial problems of a lot of Farmers here in

the Philippines. We can agree that a lot of Farmer don’ have enough financial capability in order to buy

branded pesticides. In some cases, branded pesticides also have strong chemical compounds that affects

the active and good minerals present from the soil. The finished extract can possibly help to the farmers

to kill the pest present in their crops, and at the same time increase their crop production thus resulting

to generate more income to the farmers and also to the country’s GDP. Not only the extract will be

affordable because it is made from pure leaf extract but also the leaf extract will possible to be non-acidic

and can reduce the soils pH level.

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Project proposal Diagram

Extraction
Formulation
Extract the active
compounds from the leaves Pilot testing
of Euphorbia hirta. Creation of organic
pesticide with the active
compounds present in the Testing the product on a
plants leaf control environment. And
examining its results.

Researchers Diagram for the Project Proposal

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Unit IV. References

1. A study on the Mechanism of Platelet Increasing Activity of the Decoction and Ethanolic Extraction of

Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) as treatment for dengue. Anne Natividad, Hazel Lopez et.al.

2. Antibacterial Activities And Toxicological Potentials Of Crude Ethanolic Extracts Of Euphorbia hirta .

Chika C Ogueke et al. Journal of American Science, 2007.

3. Ethnopharmacological studies on the uses of Euphorbia hirta in the treatment of dengue in selected

indigenous communities in Pangasinan (Philippines). De Guzman G. & Aleth Therese et.al. Intercult

Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jun-Aug.

4. Evaluation of wound healing activity of the polyherbal and Euphorbia hirta formulations / Kuldeep

Ganju* and A. K. Pathak. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol.7 (33), pp. 2333-2340,

September 2013.

5. Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge)

Retrieved from: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/21355#3C353D7C-43BF-479B-A4EA-FFE002104662

6. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G., Radcliffe-Smith, A., 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae

(with Pandaceae), vol. 4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

7. “GROWING MEDICINAL PLANTS IN HYDROPONIC CULTURE” R. Maggini. Et al. International Society for

Horticultural Science. 2020.

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8. Guzman GQ De, Therese A, Dacanay L, Andaya BA, Jonathan G, Alejandro D. 2016.

Ethnopharmacological studies on the uses of Euphorbia hirta in the treatment of dengue in selected

indigenous communities in Pangasinan.

9. In-vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Euphorbia hirta L . Sangeeta Devi, Muneesh Kumar.

International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2017.

10. Kumar S, Malhotra R, Kumar D. 2017. Euphorbia hirta : Its chemistry, traditional and medicinal uses,

and pharmacological activities. 4:58–61.

11. L. De villa. 2016. Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Euphorbia hirta. De La Salle

University-Dasmariñas.

12. Muhammad Abubakar E-M. 2009. Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Euphorbia hirta against

some bacteria associated with enteric infections. J. Med. Plants Res. 3:498–505.

13. PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TOXICITY, ANTIOXIDANT AND LACTOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF

EUPHORBIA HIRTA (L.). Doukour Maya, Bayala Bale, Guenne Samson, Tindano Basile, and Belemtougri

Raymon. International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR).

14. R. Maggini. Et al. 2020. “Growing medicinal plants in hydroponic culture”. International Society for

Horticultural Science.

15. Shi Q, Su X, Kiyota H. 2008. Chemical and Pharmacological Research of the Plants in Genus Euphorbia.

4295–4327

16. Singla, A. K. & Pathak, K. Fitoterapia 1990, 61, 483.

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School of Health and Natural Sciences
BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA 3700

17. The effect of water extracts of Euphorbia hirta on cartilage degeneration in arthritic rats. Lee K.

Malaysian J Pathol 2008.

18. Tungol P. 2014. “A non-concurrent cohort study on the use of Euphorbia hirta Linn. (tawa-tawa) in

dengue”.

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 Saint Mary’s University
School of Health and Natural Sciences
BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA 3700

Unit V. Curriculum Vitae

EJ R. AGSALDA
Address: Purok 5, 0601 Teresita Street, Zamora, Cabarroguis, Quirino
Email addresss: [email protected]
Phone number: 09652242278

SIMPLE BACKGROUND
I am just a simple man, yet I have standards and I do everything with passion and joy. I will do everything
to reach my dreams. I will strive better to be the best that I can be. I don’t want to miss opportunities. I
want to be a successful man someday.

PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Date of Birth : November 28, 2002
Place of Birth : Quirino Provincial Medical Center
Age : 16
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s maiden name : Eden Rivera Suba
Occupation : Housewife/ Freelancer
Father’s name : Joel Guillermo Agsalda
Occupation : Factory Engineer
Sibling : Edrei R. Agsalda

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 Saint Mary’s University
School of Health and Natural Sciences
BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA 3700

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Saint Mark’s Parish School (Grade 1-2)
Cabarroguis Central School (Grade3-6)
Secondary (Junior High) : Quirino General High School (2013-2018)
Secondary (Senior High) : Quirino General High School (2018-2020)

ACHIEVEMENTS
Elementary Level

Honors Received
Editorial Cartooning 2013 1st Placer
Regional MTAP Qualifier 2012-2013 2nd Placer
District Meet (Athletics) 2014 1st Placer
Provincial Meet (Athletics) 2014 2nd Placer
Theater Arts Drama and 2013 Participant
Workshop (District level)
Boy Scout (Provincial Jamboree 2012-2014 Participant
and National Jamboree in
Davao)

Secondary (Junior High)

Honors Received Grade 7-9 With High Honors

BSP (National Jamboree) 2016 Participant

Secondary (Senior High)

Honors Received 2020 With Honors

Boy Scout (National Level) 2020 Participant
Math Club Secretary 2019-2020

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 Saint Mary’s University
School of Health and Natural Sciences
BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA 3700

ADDITIONAL SKILLS

 Computer Literate (MS Word, Poerpoint, MS Excel, CMD, Pyhton, Linux)

 Able to learn new programs
 Encoder
 Can speak in English
 Can work under pressure
 Basic Science
 Good attendance in school

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