Md.

Tanweer Khan VECTOR SOLVED PROBLEM 9830359247

Q.1 Give an example of physical quantity which-
(1) has neither unit nor direction (2) has direction but not a vector
(3) can be either a scalar or a vector (4) is neither a scalar nor a vector
ans.(1) refractive index; strain (2) current (3) angular displacement (4) moment of inertia
Q.2 Can the resultant be zero in case of –
(1) Two unequal vector (2) three coplanar vectors (3) three non-coplanar vectors
Ans. (1) No (2) Yes (3) No
Q.3 Discuss whether angular displacement is a vector or not –
Ans.Angular displacement represents rotational effect, so appears to be an axial vector. Also, if obeys the
Law of parallelogram of addition but it has been found that for large angular displacement it does not obey law
of commutation.
Q.4 Does it make sense to call a quantity vector when its magnitude is zero? What such vectors are
called and why needed?
Ans.Consider a vector A whose length is reduced to zero by coinciding the initial and terminal points.
Hence modulus of the vector is zero and its direction indeterminate is it may possess any direction such
vectors are called zero or null vectors. It is needed because, the sum of two equal and opposite vectors is a
null vector or area of sphere in vector form is a null vector.
Q.5 We can order events in time and there is a sense of time, distinguishing past, present and future
Is therefore, time a vector-?
Ans.Time always flows from past to present and then the future, so a direction can be assigned to time.
However as the direction is unique, it is not to be stated i.e. specified? Hence it is not a vector quantity.
Q.6 Explain why current is not a vector although it appears to possess a direction –
Ans.Current is not a vector as :
(i)The direction associated with current is not a true direction but it merely indicates the sense of charge
flow.
(ii) Current also does not obey the law of parallelogram of addition.
(iii) Current is also defined as scalar product of current density (J) with area ds is-  =  J . ds

Q.7; Under what condition the sum and difference of two vectors will be equal in magnitude.

ans. When the two vectors are equal in magnitude and perpendicular to each other
|A + B| = |A – B|

Squaring both the side

A2 + B2 + 2A. B.= A2 + B2 – 2A . B

4A . B= 0, A . B = 0, A B
Q.8 ;A car travels 6 km towards north at an angle of 45º to the east and then travels distance of 4 km

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towards north at an angle of 135° to the east. How far is its final position due east and due north? How far
is the point from the starting point? What angle does the straight line joining its initial and final position
makes with the east? What is the total distance travelled by the car ?
1
ANS. Net movement along X – direction = (6 – 4) cos 45° î = 2 × = 2 km
2
N
4 sin 45º ( ĵ)
(6 sin 45º ) ĵ
4km 6km
45º
W E (X)
4 cos 45º (î ) (6 cos 45º )î

(Y)
S
1
Net movement along Y – direction = (6 + 4) sin 45º ˆj = 10 × = 5 2 km
2
Net movement from starting point = 6 + 4 = 10 km
Angle which makes with the east direction
Y  component 5 2
tan  = = = tan–1 (5) ,
, = 79º, Total distance travelled = 10 km
X  component 2
Q9; − Two forces 10 N and 15 N are acting at an angle of 120°between them. Find the resultant force in
magnitude and direction.
Ans;
Here, A = 10 N, B = 15 N, θ = 120°; R =?; α= ?

⇒
⇒ R= 13.2 N

⇒
⇒
⇒ α = 76°
Q10; A 100 kg block is placed on an inclined plane with an angle of 30º. Then find the components of the
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weight (i) parallel (ii) perpendicular to the inclined plane.
ans.The weight of the block acting downwards is
W = mg = 100 × 10 = 1000N
Then using Fig. we note that the component parallel to the plane is
100 kg

 = 30º

mg sin
 mg cos
mg

W|| = mg sin = 1000 sin 30º = 500 N
And the component perpendicular to the plane is
W = mg cos= 1000 cos30º = 1000 × 3 /2 = 500 3 = 866 N
Q.11.A body is moving with uniform speed v on a horizontal circle in anticlockwise direction from A
As shown in figure. What is the change in velocity in (1) half revolution (2)
first quarter revolution N

Ans.Change in velocity in half revolution

v2 B

v = vC – vA = v(– ˆj ) – v ( ĵ) , v = –2v ˆj v1

C (x)
W E
A
|v| = 2v directed towards negative y-axis
Change in velocity in first quarter revolution v3

v = vB – vA = v (– î ) – v ( ˆj ) = –v ( î + ˆj ), |v| = 2 v and directed

(y)
towards south-west.
(S)

Q.12 If A = 4 î –3 ˆj and B = 6 î + 8 ˆj obtain the scalar magnitude and directions of A, B,

A + B; A – B and B – A,
3 3
Ans.Magnitude of A = (4) 2  (3) 2  5 tan  = – = tan–1  
, 4 4
8 4 4
Magnitude of B = 62  82 = 10 , tan  = =  = tan–1   = 53º
6 3 3
5 1
A + B = 4 î – 3 ˆj + 6 î + 8 ˆj = 10 î + 5 ˆj , (A + B) = (10) 2  (5) 2 = 11.2 , tan  = 
10 2
 = tan–1 (0.51 = 26.5º approx)
A – B = 4 î – 3 ˆj + (6 î + 8 ˆj ) = 4 î – 6 î – 3 ˆj – 8 ˆj = – 2 î – 11 ˆj
B – A = 6î  8 ĵ  4î  3 ĵ  2î  11ĵ
11  11 
|B –A| = 4  121 = 125 = 5 5 , tan  = = tan–1  
2 2

Q.13; Show that the vectors a = 3 î – 2 ˆj + k̂ ,

b = î – 3 ˆj + 5 k̂ , c = 2 î + ˆj – 4 k̂ form a right angled triangle

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answers have b + c = ( î – 3 ˆj + 5 k̂ ) + (2 î + ˆj – 4 k̂ )

= 3 î – 2 ˆj + k̂ = a  a, b, c are coplanar
Hence no two of these vectors are parallel; therefore, the given vectors form a triangle.
a . c = (3 î – 2 ˆj + k̂ ) . (2 î + ˆj – 4 k̂ )= (3) (2) + (–2) (1) + (1) (–4) = 0
Hence the given vectors form a right angled triangle.
Q.14; Let a = 2 î + 3 ˆj – k̂ ; b = – î + 3 ˆj + 4 k̂ . Evaluate
(i) |a| ; |b| (ii) a. b (iii) the angle between the vectors a and b (iv) the projection of a on b
(v)the projection of b on a (vi) area of the AOB where O is origin
Ans.Given a = 2 î + 3 ˆj – k̂ , b = – î + 3 ˆj + 4 k̂

(i) |a| = 22  33  (1) 2 = 4  9  1 = 14 |b| = (1) 2  32  42 = 1  9  16 = 26

(ii) a. b = 2 (–1) + 3 × 3 + (–1) (4) = 3

(iii) The angle between the vectors a and b is given by
a.b 3 3
cos=  
|a||b| 14 26 2 91
3 3
(iv) The projection of a on b = |a| cos  = 14  
14 26 26
3 3
(v) The projection of b on a = |b| cos = 26  
14 26 14
1
(vi) Area of AOB = |a| |b| sin 
2
2
 3  9 355
Now sin2  = 1– cos2 = 1–   = 1– 
 2 91  364 364

1 355 355
Area of AOB = 14 26 . = 355 = 9.42 sq. units approx.
2 364 364

Q.15;Prove that the three vectors 3î  ĵ  2k̂ , î  ĵ  k̂ and î  5 ĵ  4k̂ are at right angles to one
another.
ans.Let a = 3î  ĵ  2k̂ b = î  ĵ  k̂ we note that all the three vectors are non-zero

a. b = (3î  ĵ  2k̂) . (î  ĵ  k̂) = 3(1) + 1(–1) + 2(–1) = 0

Thus the dot product of two non-zero vectors a and b is zero, therefore these vectors are
perpendicular to each other.
Again b . c = (î  ĵ  k̂) .(î  5 ĵ  4k̂) = (1) (1) + (–1) (5) + (–1) (–4) = 0

and c . a = (î  5 ĵ  4k̂) . (3î  ĵ  2k̂) = (1) (3) + 5(1) + (–4) (2) = 0
As above, it follows that b , c are perpendicular and c, a are perpendicular. Hence all the three given
vectors are perpendicular to each other.
Q.16.Find the value of so that the two vectors 2î  3 ĵ  k̂ and  4î  6 ĵ  k̂ are
(i) parallel (ii) perpendicular to each other
ans. Let a = 2 î + 3 ˆj – k̂ and b = – 4 î – 6 ˆj + k̂
(i) a and b are parallel to each other

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 a1 a 2 a 3 2 3 1
  i.e. if   = 2
b1 b 2 b3 4 6 
(ii) a and b are perpendicular to each other if

a. b = 0 i.e. if 2(–4) + 3(–6) + (–1) () = 0 , = – 8 – 18 = –26

Q.17;A particle, under constant force î + ˆj – 2 k̂ gets displaced from point A(2, –1, 3) to
B(4, 3, 2). Find the work done by the force-
Ans; Force = î + ˆj – 2 k̂

Displacement = d = AB = (4 î + 3 ˆj + 2 k̂ ) – (2 î – ˆj + 3 k̂ ) = (2 î + 4 ˆj – k̂ )

Work done = F .d = ( î + ˆj – 2 k̂ ) . (2 î + 4 ˆj – k̂ ) (1) (2) + (1) (4) + (–2) (–1) = 2 + 4 + 2 = 8 units

Q.18;Find a × b and b × a if
(i) a = 3 k̂ + 4 ˆj , b = î + ˆj – k̂ (ii) a = (2, –1, 1) ; b (3, 4, –1)

î ĵ k̂ î ĵ k̂
ans. (i) a × b = 0 4 3 = –7 î + 3 ˆj – 4 k̂ , b × a = 1 1  1 = 7 î – 3 ˆj + 4 k̂
1 1 1 0 4 3

î ĵ k̂ î ĵ k̂
(ii) a × b = 2  1 1 = – 3î  5 ĵ  11k̂ , b×a= 3 4  1 = 3î  5 ĵ  11k̂
3 4 1 2 1 1

Q.19; If a = 3 î + ˆj + 2 k̂ and b = 2î  2 ĵ  4k̂

(i) find the magnitude of a × b (ii) find a unit vector perpendicular to both a and b.
(iii)find the cosine and sine of the angle between the vectors a and b
î ĵ k̂
ans.(i) a × b = 3 1 2 = 8î  8 ĵ  8k̂
2 2 4

 Magnitude of a × b = |a × b| = (8) 2  (8) 2  (8) 2  8 3

ab 8î  8 ĵ  8k̂ 1

(ii) n̂    (î  ĵ  k̂ )
| ab | 8 3 3
There are two unit vectors perpendicular to both a and b they are
1
± n̂ = ± (î  ĵ  k̂ )
3
(iii) To find cos 
a.b = abcos  = (3î  ĵ  2k̂).(2î  2 ĵ  4k̂)
= (3) (2) + (1) (–2) + 2(4) = 12
a = |a| = 32  12  22 = 14 , b = |b| = (2) 2  (2) 2  (4) 2 = 24

12 12 3
cos  = a.b/ab =  
14 24 2 7 .2 2 3 7
8 3 2 3 4 2
Also, sin  = |a × b|/ ab =  Also, sin  = 1  cos 2   1   
14 24 7, 7 7 7
Q.20.The vectors from origin to the points A and B are a = 3î  6 ĵ  2k̂ and b = 2î  ĵ  2k̂ respectively. Find
The area of: (i) the triangle OAB (ii) the parallelogram formed by OA and OB as adjacent sides.

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ans.Given OA = a = 3 î – 6 ˆj + 2 k̂ and OB = b = 2 î + ˆj – 2 k̂
î ĵ k̂
 (a × b) = 3  6 2
2 1 2

= (12 – 2) î – (–6 – 4) ˆj + (3 + 12) k̂ = 10 î + 10 ˆj + 15 k̂

 |a × b| = 102  102  152 = 425 = 5 17
1 1 5
(i) Area of OAB = |a × b| = . 5 17 sq. units = 17 sq. units
2 2 2
(ii) Area of parallelogram formed by OA and OB as adjacent sides = |a × b| = 5 17 sq. units
Q.21.A vector a is turned without a changed in its length through a small angle d. What are |a|

And a.

ans.|a| = ad a = 0

Q.22;The magnitude of a vector A is 10 units and it makes an angle of 30º with the X-axis. Find the

components of the vector if it lies in the X-Y plane.

Ans.Components of vector A lying in the X-Y plane are

10 3
Ax = A cos , Ay = A sin , Az = 0 Thus Ax = 10 cos 30º = = 8.66 units
2

Ay = 10 sin 30º = 10 × 1/2 = 5 units, Az = 0

Q.23; What vector must be added to the vector î  3 ĵ  2k̂ and 3î  6 ĵ  7k̂ so that the resultant

Vector is a unit vector along the y-axis ?

Ans.Let the vector added to the summation of

(î  3 ĵ  2k̂)  (3î  6 ĵ  7k̂) be xî  yĵ  zk̂

 (4î  3 ĵ  5k̂) + (xî  yĵ  zk̂)  ĵ , (4 + x) î + (3 + y) ˆj + (–5 + z) k̂ = ˆj

Comparing both the sides

4 + x = 0; 3 + y = 1 ; –5 + z = 0, x = – 4 ; y = 1 – 3 = –2 ; z=5  vector is : – 4 î – 2 ˆj + 5 k̂

Q.24.If A = 3 î + 4 ˆj and B = 7 î + 24 ˆj , the vector having the same magnitude as B and parallel to A is –

ans.Let the required vector be

C = Cx î + Cy ˆj

Given that C is parallel to A, then

Cy 4
 ...... (i) and |C| is equal to |B|, thus
Cx 3

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 C2x  C2y = 7 2  (24) 2 = 49  576 or C2x  C2y = 625

Cx2 + Cy2 = 625 ......(ii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get , Cx = 15 and Cy = 20, C = 15 î + 20 ˆj

Alter method :

|B| = 7 2  (24) 2 = 625 = 25

3î  4 ĵ  3î  4 ĵ 
Unit vector in the direction of A, Â  , required vector = 25   = 15 î + 20 ˆj
5  5 
 

Q25: What is the unit vector parallel to the resultant of the vectors and ?

Resultant of the two vectors and is

or by using the given values, we get,

So, the unit vector parallel to will be

26)î 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ĵ are unit vectors along X and Y axis , respectively.

(a) What is the magnitude and direction of the vectors î + ĵ and î − ĵ?

(b) What are the components of a vector A = 2î + 3ĵ along the direction of( î + ĵ) and (î − ĵ)?

Sol. (a) Magnitude of ( î + ĵ) = î + ĵ = (1)2 + (1)2 = 2

Let the vector (î + ĵ) = make an angle  with the direction of î, then cos=

(î + ĵ). î/ î + ĵ . î = 1/( 2)(1) = 1/ 2 = cos45 or ,= 45

Magnitude of ( î − ĵ) = î − ĵ = (1)2 + (−1)2 = 2

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Similarly if vector (î − ĵ) makes an angle  with direction of î then

cos=(î − ĵ). î/ î − ĵ . î = 1/( 2)(1) = 1/ 2 = cos45 or ,= 45

Here  = -45 with ĵ .Now, A = 2î + 3ĵ

To find the component of 𝐴 and the vector (î + ĵ), we have to find out the unit vector(î + ĵ).
(î+ ĵ) î+ ĵ î+ ĵ
Then, â = = =
î+ ĵ 12 +12 2

Magnitude of the component of 𝐴 along

1 1 5
(î + ĵ)=( 𝐴, â) = (2î + 3ĵ). 2
(î + ĵ)= 2
(2+3) = 2

Therefore, component of 𝐴 along

5
(î + ĵ)=( 𝐴, â) â = (5/ 2)[ (î + ĵ)/ 2] = (5/2) (î + ĵ)=2 (î + ĵ)

Let 𝑏 is unit vector along director

(î − ĵ) = î − ĵ / î − ĵ = î − ĵ / (1)2 + (−1)2 = (î − ĵ) / 2

Therefore, component of 𝐴 along (î + ĵ)will be = (𝐴, 𝑏) 𝑏

(î− ĵ) (î− ĵ) (2− 3) (î− ĵ) 1
2î + 3ĵ. 2 2
= 2 2
= 2 (î − ĵ)

27) On an open ground, a motorist follows a track that turns to his left by an angle of 60 0after every 500 m.
starting from a given turn, specify the displacement of the motorist at the third, sixth and eight turn. Compare
the magnitude of the displacement with the total path length covered by motorist in each case.

Sol. In this question, the path is a regular hexagon ABCDEF of side length 500 m. In figure,

Let the motorist start from A.

Third Turn

The motorist will take the 3rd turn at D. Displacement vector at D =𝐴𝐶 Magnitude of this displacement = 500 +
500 = 1000 m

Total path length from A to D = AB + BC + CD = 500 + 500 + 500 = 1500 m

Sixth Turn The motorist will take the 6th turn at A.  Displacement vector is null vector.

Magnitude of this displacement = 500 + 500 = 1000 m

Total path length = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF = 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 = 3000 m
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Eighth TurnThe motorist takes the 8th turn at C.

 Displacement vector = 𝐴𝐶 , which is represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram ABCG.

 [(500)2 + (500)2 + 2 × 500 × 500 cos 60°]

= [(500)2 + (500)2 + 250000] = 866.03 m

Total path length = 500 x 8 = 4000 m = 4 km

tan 𝛽 = 500 sin 600 / 500 + 500 cos 60°

= (500 3 / 2) / { 500 (1 +1/2)} = 1/ 3 = tan 300 or, 𝛽 = 30°

1. A vector has magnitude and direction. Does it have a location in space ? Can it vary with time? Will two
 
equal vectors a and b at different locations in space necessarily have identical physical effects? Give

examples in support of your answer.

2. A vector has both magnitude and direction. Does it mean that anything that has magnitude and direction

is necessarily a vector ? The rotation of a body can be specified by the direction of the axis of rotation, and

the angle of rotation about the axis. Does that make any rotation a vector?

3.Can you associate vectors with (a) the length of a wire bent into a loop, (b) a plane area, (c) a sphere ?

Explain.

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Vector Addition And Subtraction
(Easiest way to learn physics)
1. A vector A makes angle  with positive x-axis. Find the angle made by vector-A with the positive x-axis.
(1800 )

2. Let 1 and 2 be the angles made by A and –A with the positive x-axis. Show that tan 1=tan 2. Thus, giving
that tan  does not uniquely determine the direction of A. (We know that if vector A makes angle  with x-axis
then, the vector-A will make angle 1800 +  with the x-axis.

3. Find the resultant of two vectors A and B in the following cases:

a. =00 b. =1800 c. =900 d. A=B

4. Two vectors A and B are inclined to each other at angle. Find:

a. The magnitude of their resultant subtraction. b. The resultant of subtraction when (a) =00, (b) =1800 (c)
A=B

5. Read each statement below carefully and state, if it is TRUE, or FALSE: A scalar is one that:

a. Is conserved in a process b. Can never take negative values

c. must be dimensionless d. Does not vary from one point to a another in space

6. Let C=A + B,

a. C is always greater than A b. It is possible to have C < A andC < B

c. C is always equal to A + B d. C is never equal to A + B (b)

7. Let the angle between two nonzero vectors A and B be 1200 and its resultant be C,

a. C must be equal to A-B b. C must be less than A-B

c. C must be greater thanA-B d.may be equal toA-B (c)

8. If i, j and k are unit vectors along x,y and z axes respectively then, represent the following vectors
algebraically:a.5 unit along positive x-axis b.3 unit along negative x-axis c.2 unit along positive y-xis
d. 10 unit along negative y-axis e. 7 unit along positive z-axis f. 6 unit along negative z-axis

9. Suppose ⍺ is a vector of magnitude 4.5 due north. What is the vector?

a. 3 ⍺ b. -4⍺

10. Is a vector necessarily changed if it is rotated through an angle?

11. Can you add three vectors to get a unit vector? Does your answer change if two unit vectors are along the
co-ordinate axes?

12. Can we have physical quantities having magnitude and direction which are not vectors?

13. Out of the following pairs, the resultant of which cannot be 4 N?

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a. 2 N and 2 N b. 2 N and 6 N c. 2 N and 4 N d. 2 N and 8 N

14. Two forces 10 N and 20 N are acting at 1200. What is the resultant and angle between their resultant and
the: a. smaller b. larger force (900,300)

15. Two vectors of magnitude 3 unit and 4 units combine to give a resultant of x unit. Find angle between them
if x=: a. 1 unit b. 7 unit c. 5 unit (1800,00, 900)

16. Resultant of two equal forces acting at right angles has magnitude of 2.8 units. Find the magnitude of either
force. (2)

17. The resultant of two forces 3P and 2P is R. If the first force is doubled then the resultant is also doubled.
Find the angle between two forces. (1200)

18. Two forces whose magnitude is in the ratio 3:5 give a resultant 25 N. If the angle of inclination is 600, find
the magnitude of each force. (75/7,125/7)

19. at what angle of the two vectors of magnitude (P + Q) and (P – Q) should act so that their resultant is (P2+
Q2)1/2?

20. A car is driven east for a distance of 50 km, then north for 30 km, and then in a direction 300 east of north
for 25 km. Sketch the vector diagram and determine: a. the magnitude b. The angle of the car’s total
displacement from its starting point. (81.5, tan)

21. The angle between two vectors of equal magnitude is 1200. Prove that the magnitude of their resultant is
equal to either of them.

22. Two forces of 30 N and 40 N are inclined to each other at an angle of 600. Find their resultant.

(60.53 N)

23. The resultant of two equal forces acting at right angles to each other is 1414 N. Find the magnitude of each
force. (1000 N)

24. A particle has a displacement of 12 m towards east and 5 m towards north and then 6 m vertically upward.
(14.32 m)

25. If the side A B and A D of a parallelogram ABCD represents the vectors ‘P’ and ‘Q’ what are the vectors
represented by: a. AC b. CD c. BC d. BD

26. Two vectors ‘P’ and ‘Q’ have respectively the magnitude 4 and 3 unit. The maximum and the minimum
values of the magnitude of their resultant are: a. 12 b. 1 c. 7 d 5 unit

27. The resultant vectors of P and Q is R. On reserving the direction of Q, the resultant vector becomes S. Show
that R2 + S2=2 (P2 + Q2)

28. A body is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s towards east. When a force is applied on it, its velocity becomes
10 m/s towards north. Calculate the change in velocity of body.[102m/s]

29. An aeroplane is flying with a uniform speed of 100 km/hr around the circumference of circle. What will be
the change in velocity ¼ th of round? How much in ½ rounds?[1002,200km/hr]

30. Can the resultant of a (a) two unequal (b) three unequal, forces be zero? (No, may be)

31. Can the resultant of three forces of 2N, 3N and 6N be zero? (No)

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32. Can the resultant of two forces of 10N and 5N be equal to?

a. 2N b. 12N c. 15N d. 18N (No, yes, yes, No)

33. If the numerical value of two vectors are 5 units and 12 units. Their resultant is 13 units. Then these
quantities will be: a. Time b. Mass c. Linear momentum (c)

34. These are three forces 5N, 6N and 9N can be their resultant is equal to zero? (Yes)

35. If P and Q are two vectors then what is the angle between P and Q when:

a. P + Q =R and P + Q =R) b. P + Q =R and P2 + Q2 =R2 c. P + Q =R and P - Q =R (00,900

36. Is it possible a + a=a? (Yes)

37. The maximum and minimum value of the resultant of two forces is 35 N and 5 N then what is the numerical
value of the individual forces? (20 N, 15 N)
     
38. The magnitudes of the three vectors P, Q andR are respectively 12N, 5N and 13 N and if P  Q  R ,
 
then what is the angle between vector P and Q ? (90o)

39. In the given figure two numerically equal forces are acting as shown. What is the magnitude of their

resultant? (100 N).

Resolution Of Vectors
1. Find a unit vector having the same direction as the vector 3i-4j. [0.6i+0.8j]

2 Two vectors are given by a=4i-3j + 1k and b= -1i + 1j + 4k. In unit vector notation, find:

a. a + b b. a-b c. A third vector c such that a-b + c=0 [-5i+4j+3k]

3. A golfer takes his ball into the hole in three strokes. The first stroke displaces the ball 4 m north, the second
stroke 2 m south-east, and the third stroke 1 m south-west. What displacement would have been needed to get
the ball into the hole in the first stroke? (2.01m)

4. Find the resultant of three vectors 1, 2, 3 units whose directions are those sides of an equilateral triangle.
(1.732)

5. Four forces of magnitude 1, 2, 3 and 4 units act along four sides of a square ABCD in cyclic order. Find the
resultant of the forces. (22,2250)

6. A mosquito net over a 7 ft x 4 ft bed is 3 ft high. The net has a hole at one corner of the bed through which a
mosquito enters the net. It flies and sits at the diagonally opposite upper corner of the net:

a. Find the magnitude of the displacement of the mosquito

b. Taking the hole as the origin, the length of the bed as the x-axis, its width as the y-axis, and vertically up as
the z-axis, write the components of the displacement vector. (74 ,7,4and3)
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7. A force is represented as F=23 i + 3j + k. What is the angle between Force F and x-axis? (300)

8. Find the magnitude and direction of vector i + j. (2, 450)

9. Find the resultant of the following forces acting simultaneously at a point:

a. Force of 50 N acting along OX axis b. A force of 40 N acting at an angle of 600 to OX axis c. A force
of 60 N acting 3300 with OX axis

10. A force is represented by F= (2i +3j +6k) newton. What is the magnitude of force? (7 N)

11. A ball is given simultaneously two velocities, one of 10 m/s due east and the other 20 m/s due north-west.
Calculate the resultant velocity of the ball.

12. Find the angle between x-axis and the force represented by: F=2i +3j +4k (cos-1 2/29)

13. A person moves 30 m north, then 20 m east and finally 30 2 m south-west. What is the displacement from
the original position? (10 m west)

14. Find the resultant of three vectors OA, OB and OC shown in the figure. Radius of the circle is R (R (1
+ 2))

15.A particle is displaced by 4 m in the south west direction and then by 5 m east and the lastly through 6

m in a direction 60o north of east Calculate the total displacement from the starting point.

Ans. tan  = 0.456.

16.A cricket ball reaches from M to N after successive displacement, calculate the total displacement, given

sin 37o = 0.60 and cos 37o = 0.80

Ans.. 9.3 m at 104o.

Product Of Vectors
1. in the following questions: Calculate A.B, A, and B, and find the cosine of the following angle between A
and B: a. A=3i + 2j, B=5j + k b. A=i, B=5j-3k c. A=3i-2j, B= -2j d. A= -2i, B=k e. A=5j-3k, B=i + j +
k f. A= -5i + j, B=2i + 17j + 10k (10, 13,26,10/132)

2. Find: a. the vector projection of B =i +3j + 4k along A=10i + 11j-2k and b. The component of B in the
direction of A (5/3, 10i+11j-2k/9)

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3. Find the component of A=2i + 2j + k in the direction of B=2i + 10j-11k.

4. Find A x B if A=2i-2j-k, B=i + j + k. (-i+3j+4k)

6. Find the direction of A x B if:

a. A=i, B=j b. A=i + k, B=i c. A=i + k, B=j +k d. A=5i-2j-3k, B=2i + 2j +k (k,k-j,-i-j+k)

7. Find a vector that is perpendicular to both of the vectors A=i + j + k and B=i + j. (i-j)

8. If A=2i-j, B=i +3j-2k, find A x B, then calculate (A x B).A and (A x B).B (0,0)

9. Vectors C and D have magnitude of 3 units and 4 units, respectively. What is the angle between the directions of C and
D if the magnitude of the vector product C x D is: a.Zero b.12 units (0 0, 1800,900)

10. Three sides of a triangle ABC have lengths a, b, c respectively and angles opposite the sides A, B and C in
turn. Using cross product of vectors proves that: a/sin A=b/sin B=c/sin C

11. If the magnitude of two vectors is 3 and 4 and the magnitude of their scalar product is 6, find the angle
between the vectors. (600)

12. Prove that vector A=i + 2j + 3k and B=2i-j are perpendicular to each other.

13. What is the component of force F:

a. along X-direction, when force F is acting Y-direction? (0)

b. Along Y-direction, when force F is acting X-direction? (0)

14. If a=3i +2j and b=2i +j then calculate the angle between a and b. (8/65)

15. (a) Calculate the angle between vectors a=i + 3j and b=2i +4j.

(b) Calculate the angle between vectors a=2i +3j-k and b=i + j +2k.

16. Prove that vector a=2i + 3j and b=6i-4 are perpendicular to each other.

17. If A. B=A B, then what is the angle between A and B? (00)

18. If A.B=0, then what is the angle between A and B? (900)

19. You are given a vector a with (+)ve X-axis direction, a vector b in the direction (+)ve ‘y’ direction and a scalar quantity
‘d’ x, y, z being there  axis, Answer the following:

a.What is the direction a x b b. What is the direction b x a c. What is the direction b/d d. Magnitude of a.b?

20. Find the unit vector parallel to resultant of vectors A=2i-6j-3k and B=4i + 3j-k.
( 6/61i- 3/61j- 4/61 k)

21. Find a unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors A=3i + j + 2k and B=2i-2j +4k (i-j-k)

22. Calculate the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides given by (i + 2j + 3k) and (i-3j + k)
(150 units)

23. The sum of the magnitude of the two vectors is 25 units. The magnitude of this resultant is 20 units if the
resultant is at right angle with the direction of the smaller of the two vectors. Find magnitude of the vectors.

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24. P is a vector, having magnitude 6cm/sec and direction eastward. Another vector Q is acting in North West
direction making an angle 1200 with the vector P. If the magnitude of Q be 8 cm/sec. find the difference of P
and Q.

25. The sum and difference of two vectors are equal in magnitude i.e. A + B = A-B. Prove that vectors A and
B are perpendicular to other.

26. A particle moves from position (3i + 2j-6k) to a position (14i + 13j + 9 k) in meter units and a constant force
(4i + 2j + 3k) Newton acts on it. Calculate the work done by the force.

27. The sum and difference of two vectors are perpendicular to each other. Prove that the vectors are equal in magnitude

28. The x and y components of A are 4 and 6 and those of A + B are 10 and 9. Find the components, magnitude
of direction of B. (6 and 3, 45, 26.560 with x-axis)
 
29.If P  6i  8 j and Q  4i  3 j , then calculate the magnitude of

 
(a) P (b) Q

   
(c) P + Q (d) P - Q

     
(e) Q - P (f) P . Q (g) P × Q

Ans. (a)  = tan-1(4/3),(b) =tan-1(3/4),(c)=tan-1 (1/2),(d)  = tan-1 (5.5),(e) = tan-1 (5.5),(f) 0, g) 50

30. Three equal forces each of value 1 newton acts along the side BC, CD and DE of a regular hexagon

ABCDEF. Calculate the magnitude of their resultant.

Ans.. 2 newton.

31. If 𝐴 = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗 and 𝐵 = 7𝑖 + 24𝑗 find a vector having the same magnitude B and parallel to𝐴. [15𝑖 + 20𝑗]

32. A unit vector is represented by 0.5𝑖 + 0.8𝑗 + c𝑘 . Calculate the value of c. [C = 0.11]
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33. The coordinates of two points A and B respectively are (-1, 5, 7) and (3, 2, -5). Represent the vector 𝐴B. [4𝑖
+ 3𝑗 + 12𝑘 ]
5
34. What are the components of vector 𝐴 = 2𝑖 + 2𝑗 along direction (𝑖 + 𝑗)? [ (𝑖 + 𝑗 ) ]
2

35. The vectors 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 are such that 𝐶 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 and their magnitude are 3, 4 and 5 units find the angle
between 𝐴 and 𝐶 . [530]

440-Volt
1. If unit vectors A and B are inclined at an angle  then prove that: A-B=2 sin /2.

2. A particle is moving in a circle of radius r centred at O with constant speed v. What is the change in velocity
is moving from P to Q? Given that <POQ=400.

3. If the angle between P and Q is ⍺, their resultant is 5 P2 + Q2 and when the angle between them is (/2-⍺),
their resultant is 3P2 + Q2. Prove that tan ⍺=1/3.

4. Two forces P and Q acting on a particle have a resultant equal to 3Q that makes an angle 300 with the
direction of P. Prove that either P=Q or P=2Q

5. The resultant of two forces P and Q acting at a point is R. If Q is doubled, the resultant also gets double. If Q
is reversed then also the resultant gets doubled. Prove that P: Q: R=2:3:2.

6. A particle possesses simultaneously five velocities, each equal to u and inclined to the next at an angle of 300 so that the
angle between the first and the last is 1200. Find the resultant velocity of the particle.

7. Two forces P and Q acting on a particle at angle  have a resultant (2k + 1) P2 + Q2. When they act at angle
(900-), the resultant is (2k-1) P2 + Q2. Prove that tan =k-1/ k + 1

8. Determine a vector which when added to the resultant of A=2i + 5j-k and B=3i-5j-k gives unit vector along
negative y-direction.

9. Two vectors P=2i-bj + 2k and Q=i + j + k are parallel. Find the value of b.

10. If vectors 2i + 2j-2k, 5i + yj + k, and i + 2j + 2k are coplanar, then find the value of y.

11. Given that A + B + C=0. Out of the three vectors two are equal in magnitude and the magnitude of the third vector is
2 times that of either of the two having equal magnitude. Find the angles between the vectors.

12. Three forces A= (i + j + k), B= (2i-j + 3k) and C are acting on a body which is kept at equilibrium. Find C.

13. Prove that the vectors A=3i-2j + k, B=i-3j + 5k, and C=2i + j- 4k form a right-angled triangle.

Questions For Board Exams

1. What do you understand by resolution of vectors into two mutually perpendicular components? How can the
resultant of vectors, acting at a point, be obtained by the application of this method?

2. What is meant by a unit vector? How would you express a vector with the help of its component and unit
vectors along them?

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3. Write down and explain the laws of triangle of forces and polygon of forces in case of addition of vectors.
Show that laws of polygon of forces can be obtained from the law of triangle of forces.

4. State the parallelogram law of vector addition. With the help of this law, determine the magnitudes and
direction of the resultant of two vectors acting at a point and inclined to each other at any angle.

5. Can the magnitude of the resultant of two vectors of equal magnitudes be equal to the magnitude of either of
them? Explain.

6. What is the difference between the addition vector and scalar quantities? In which case will the result of
addition have the same magnitude?

7. Show that the magnitude of A x B is equal to the area of the parallelogram whose sides are A x B.

8. a. What is the essential condition for the addition of two vectors?

b. Is addition of any two scalar quantities meaningful?

c. Component of a vector can be a scalar. Stare true or false.

d. Can two vectors of same magnitude add to give zero resultant? If yes, under what conditions?

e. Can two vectors of different magnitudes add to give zero resultant vectors on addition? If yes,Under what
conditions?

f. Can a rectangular component of a vector have magnitude greater than the vector itself?

g. Can a vector be zero if one of its components is not zero?

h. Can scalar product of two vectors be a negative quantity?

i. State the condition (regarding the value of dot or cross product) for which two vectors are: (i)

Parallel to each other (ii) Perpendicular to each other.

j. Is possession of magnitude and direction sufficient for calling a quantity a vector quantity?

k. Is it necessary that sum of two unit vectors is also a unit vector?

l. What will be the difference in the product of: (i) A real number with a vector, and (ii) A scalar

with a vector (ii) Explain the difference between the following data?

9. Find the vector sum of N coplanar forces, each of magnitude F, when each force is making an angle of 2/N
with that preceding it.

10. Two forces P and Q acting at a point are such that if P is reversed, the direction of the resultant is turned
through 900, and then prove that magnitude of the forces are equal.

We don’t see things as they are

We see them as we are

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