SYLLABUS

D.Ed. SPECIAL EDUCATION (ASD)

Norms, Regulations & Course Content

REHABILITATION COUNCIL OF INDIA

(Statutory Body under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment)
B-22, Qutab Institutional Area , New Delhi – 110 016
e-mail [email protected] ; [email protected]
website : www.rehabcouncil.org

2008
 D.ED. IN SPECIAL EDUCATION
(AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS)

1. PREAMBLE

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a group of complex neuro-developmental disorders

affecting communication, socialization, thought and behaviour, and includes individuals
with wide range of functional abilities. The symptoms may vary from being very severe
to being very mild.

Persons with ASD are entitled to equal rights and opportunities as all other citizens of the
country
The number of persons receiving a diagnosis of ASD is increasing rapidly. The
prevalence in Western countries is now believed to be higher than 1 in 500 births
(National Research Council 2002). Hence, the understanding of diagnostic & intervention
issues increase. Meeting the unique needs of person with ASD is a logical conclusion to
this.

There is a growing demand for rehabilitation personnel trained especially in this field.
The DSE (ASD) Course designed in 2003 was the first of its kind to provide human
resource development in the field of ASD in India. After a running this course for three
years in 4 centres in the country, the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) felt the need
to revise and upgrade the course so that it enjoys parity and equivalence with other DSE
courses recognized by the RCI. The Council constituted a core committee to go through
the structure, content and duration of the course. The present document is the outcome of
the sincere efforts by the members of the core committee.

This revised course is designed to provide the trainee teacher a comprehensive

understanding of ASD and the skill and competence to meet the needs of students with
ASD in regular and special education classrooms.

2. NOMENCLATURE OF THE COURSE:

D.ED. IN SPECIAL EDUCATION (ASD)

3. COURSE OBJECTIVES

The course is designed to enable the trainee teacher to

• Develop an understanding of characteristics and etiology of ASD and associated
conditions
• Be familiar with the process of screening and diagnosis of ASD
• Be acquainted with the stages of child growth & development and psychology of
learning

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 • Understand the objectives of general education, and organization of special
education services
• Plan and implement educational programs selecting teaching methods suitable for
children with ASD
• Develop suitable educational programs for children with conditions associated
with ASD
• Integrate the prescribed therapeutic programs within classroom
• Understand the needs of family and promote integration of person with ASD
within family and community

4. ELIGIBILITY

The minimum qualification for admission is successful completion of 10+2 or Higher

Secondary Examination or equivalent.

5. ADMISSION PROCEDURE

Each training center will evolve admission criteria and publish the same in the Course
Prospectus. Public notification about the commencement of the course should be done in
advance. The admission procedure will incorporate instructions received from RCI from
time to time.

6. NUMBER OF SEATS

Each training center can admit a total of 25 candidates to the course

7. DURATION OF THE COURSE

The course duration will be two academic years comprising of 220 working days for each
year. At the rate of 6 hours per day, the total hours for theory and practical teaching will
be 1320 hours in a year and 2640 hours in two years.

8. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

The medium of instruction will be English/Hindi/State language.

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9. COURSE STRUCTURE & SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

As provided in the Table I below

Table I: Course Structure & Scheme of Examination

Sl. No. Name of Paper Hours Internal External Total
Marks Marks
A COMMON PAPERS
1 Introduction to Disability 100 40 60 100
2 Human Development & 100 40 60 100
Psychology
3 Trends in Education & 100 40 60 100
educational Management
B DISABILITY SPECIFIC
PAPERS
4 Autism Spectrum Disorders: 100 40 60 100
Nature, Needs & Etiology
5 Assessment & Teaching 100 40 60 100
Methods for Children with
ASD
6 Therapeutics & Intervention 100 40 60 100
In ASD
7 ASD & Associated 100 40 60 100
Conditions
8 Development of Curriculum 100 40 60 100
& Educational Program
9 Adulthood, Family & 100 40 60 100
Community Needs
C METHODOLOGY FOR
PRACTICUM
10 Development of Independent 100 40 60 100
Living Skills & Teaching
Learning Material
Total 1000 400 600 1000

D PRACTICUM
1 Assessment & Individualized 360 200 100 300
Education Program

2 Group Teaching & Peer 380 230 120 350

Observation: Curricular
Activities
3 Group Teaching & Peer 200 120 80 200
Observation:
Co-Curricular Activities

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4 Therapeutics & Management 200 120 80 200
of Behavior
5 Career education & 200 120 80 200
Transition Plan
6 Preparation of Teaching Aids 300 150 100 250
& Adaptive Devices
Total 1640 940 560 1500

TOTAL (THEORY + 2640 2500

PRACTICUM)

Note:
1. In the first year examinations the trainees must appear for following papers
A) Common Paper 1 and 2
B) Disability Specific Paper 4, 5, and 8
C) Methodology for Practicum Paper 10
The remaining papers will be examined at the end of second year.
Internal assessment records must be maintained for both years.
2. The ratio of theory and practicum marks is 40:60 approximately
3. The division of marks for internal and external examinations in theory and
practicum is 40:60 and 60:40 respectively.

10. EXAMINATIONS

Examinations will be conducted as per the scheme of examination prescribed by the

Rehabilitation Council of India.

11. TEACHING FACULTY & STAFF

Persons with ASD need the services of different professionals. Hence an inter-
disciplinary team of professionals is required to train the special teacher to understand the
needs of a person with ASD, and provide effective intervention to him/her. The Centre
conducting the Course will have the prescribed set of core & visiting faculty (to handle
specific topics)and non teaching staff.

The Core Faculty

The course should have 2 lecturers for each year of the course and one will assume the
charge of course coordinator / head, thus requiring a total teaching staff of 4.

Essential qualifications for lecturers:

a) Post Graduate degree

b) M.Ed (Special Education)/ B.Ed. (Special Education)/ Diploma in
Special Education (ASD)

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 c) Two years experience of teaching in special schools for children
with ASD

Visiting Faculty
The following professionals will be required to give lectures/demonstrations or conduct
practicals. The Centre will request the concerned professionals working in
hospitals/institutes to function as visiting faculty.

• Pediatrician
• Speech & language therapist
• Occupational therapist
• Social worker & counselor
• Dietician
• Music therapist
• Yoga therapist
• Drama & movement therapist
• T-L Aids & creative arts teacher

Non-teaching staff

• Librarian (full time/part time)

• Typist-cum-accountant
• Peon
• Watchman (desirable)
• Driver (if mini bus/van is available)

12. PHYSICAL LOCATION & INFRASTRUCTURE

Location
The course will be conducted at a Centre which has a multidisciplinary team of experts,
and an attached/available special school for children with ASD where practicals can be
held.

Space
Office room: 1
Classrooms: 2
Library: 1
Staff room: 1
Toilets: 2
Hostel: 1
Furniture
Core faculty
• Tables: 4
• Chairs: 4
• Cupboards: 3

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Visiting Faculty
• Tables: 2
• Chairs: 2

Office staff
• Tables: 1
• Chairs: 2
• Cupboards: 1
• Filing cabinet: 1
• Stools: 2

Equipment for office & staff room

• Computer with printer: 2

• Telephone: 1
• Photocopying machine: 1
• Fan: 2
• Electrical fittings (lights etc.): as per requirement
• Wall clock: 2

Furniture & equipment for classroom

• Tables: 20
• Chairs: 20
• Fans: 2
• Over Head Projector: 1
• Slide Projector: 1
• Screen: 1
• Black Board 1
• Audio cassette recorder: 1

Furniture & equipment for library

• Cupboards: 6
• Tables (large): 2
• Table: 1
• Chairs: 15
• Books: 200 (initial requirement)
• Journals: 5 (initial requirement)
• Periodicals: 5 (initial requirement)

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Assessment & teaching material

• Diagnostic & Statistical Manual-Revised (DSM-IV)

• International Classification of Diseases-(ICD-10)
• Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
• Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
• Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale
• Seguin Form Board
• Mallin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC)
• Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS)
• Language Assessment Tool (LAT-NIMH)
• Assessment of Basic Language & Learning Skills
• Functional Assessment Checklist for Programming (FACP-NIMH)
• Madras Development Programming Scale
• Resource Books on Makaton Signs & Symbols (Indian Version)
• Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
• Directory of Sign Language (Ram Krishna Mission)
• Montessori apparatus

Desirable

• LCD projector
• TV-DVD player
• Video & audio CDs
• Mini bus or Van for field visits, placements, home visits etc.

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(A) COMMON PAPER

Paper 1: Introduction to Disability

Total marks:100
Total hours: 100
Objectives:
On completion of this paper the trainee shall:

1. Develop an understanding of the basic concept of disability.

2. Understand the historical perspectives of special education.
3. Develop understanding of different categories of disabilities.
4. Develop understanding of rehabilitation perspectives, laws and legal
implications for people with disabilities.
5. Develop an understanding of Rights based participatory approach

Unit I Disability & Special Education 20 hrs

1 Impairment, Disability, Handicap: Concept & Definition

2. Understanding differences
3. Prevalence & Incidence: National & International
4. History of Special Education & UN Charter of Rights of Person
with Disabilities
5. Cascade of services

Unit II Types of Disabilities 20 hrs

1. Developmental disabilities: MR, CP, ASD, ADHD, SLD

2. Sensorial Impairment: HI, VI
3. Physical impairment: Neuromuscular & Locomotor Disability
4. Emotional disturbance: Mental illness
5. Other disabilities

Unit III Rehabilitation Perspectives 20 hrs

1. Education for independent living

2. Job opportunities: urban, rural, organized sector, quota
3. Housing & residential facilities
4. Gender issues and disabilities
5. Human resource development

Unit IV Policy and Legal Provisions 20 hrs

1. National Policy on Education - 1986

2. Laws in disability sector: PDA, RCI Act, NTA

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 3. Legal provisions: Disability Certificate, Concession, Disability Identify Cards,
Tax Concessions, Job Reservations
4. Guardianship & Social Security

Unit V Role of Government Agencies and NGO’s 20 hrs

1. National Educational Programs: National Literacy Mission, Sarva Shiksha

Abhiyan, Integrated Education (PIED, ICDS)
2. Role of Government agencies: Central and State Government, National
Institutes, District Rehabilitation Centres, Special Employment agencies
3. Role of Non-government organization: Service centres, human resource
development programs, advocacy

Reference Books:

1. Kauffman & Hallahan (1991): Exceptional Children - Prentice Hall, New Jersey

2. Oliver,M, (1996): Understanding Disability: from theory to practice – McMillan,

London

3. Smith,D & Luckasson,R.(1999): Introduction to Special Education – Allyn &

Bacon , Boston

4. Chaote, J. (1992): Successful Mainstreaming - Allyn & Bacon , Boston

5. Bhargava, M. (1994): Introduction to Exceptional Children, Their Nature &

Educational Provision

6. Panda, K.C. (1997): Education and Exceptional Children – Vikas Publishing

House, New Delhi

7. Hegarty, S. (2002): Education and Children with Special Needs in India – Sage
Publications, New Delhi

8. Shivani,D.R. (1998): NGO Development Initiative & Policy – Vikas Publications

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(A) COMMON PAPER

Paper-2: Human Development and Psychology

Total marks: 100
Total hours: 100
Course Objectives

On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to:-

1. Describe principles and stages of growth and development

2. Explain the areas of development with respect to deviancies in ASD
3. Understand the psychological processes of the typical child
4. describe the theories of learning and intelligence including the concepts,
definition and measurement approaches
5. Demonstrate an understanding of Psychosocial implications of disability

Unit I: Human Growth & Development 20 hrs

1. Principles of growth and development

2. Stages of development:
a. Infancy
b. Early Childhood
c. Late Child hood
d. Adolescence
e. Adulthood

Unit II: Areas of Development 20 hrs

1. Physical
2. Language
3. Cognitive
4. Emotional & Psycho social (with reference to each stage of development)
5. Developmental deviancies in ASD

Unit III: Child Psychology 20 hrs

1. Scope of Psychology
2. Psychological Process:
a. Sensation
b. Attention
c. Perception
d. Memory
3. Dysfunction in process with reference to ASD

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Unit IV: Learning & Intelligence 20 hrs

1. Theories of Learning
a. Thorndike
b. Skinner
c. Bruner
d. Piaget

2. Intelligence
a. Concept, definition and measurement of intelligence
b. Triarchic Theory

Unit V: Psychological Intelligence 20 hrs

1. Personality & Temperament

2. Motivation
3 Psychological Problems of Adjustment
4. Disability and its impact on the family
5. Coping and stress management

Reference Books

1. Kaul, V (1993) Early Childhood Education Programme –NCERT, New Delhi

2. Muralidharan R (1990) Early Stimulation Activities for Young Children –

NCERT, New Delhi

3. Panda, KC (2001) Elements of Child Development (Sixth Revised Edition) -

Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

4. Sharma, P (1995) Basics on Development & Growth of a Child - Reliance

Publishing House, New Delhi

5. Sharma, R and Sharma, R(2002) Child Psychology – Atlantic, New Delhi.

6. Devi, L. (1998): Child Development - Anmol Publications, New Delhi

7. Kundu, C. L. (1985): Educational Psychology – Sterling Publications, New Delhi

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(A) COMMON PAPER

Paper-3: Trends in Education and Educational Management

Total marks: 100
Total hours: 100

Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to:-

1. Describe the nature and scope of education

2. Develop an understanding of the use of technology in education of the disabled
3. Understand the concept of management and school administration
4. describe the role of teachers in general and special educational facilities
5. Describe the methods for classroom planning and record keeping

Unit I: Nature, Scope & Modes of Education 20 hrs

1. Aims and objectives of education

2. Child centred approach: Multi-sensory & Experiential Learning
3. Modes of education: Open or distance, formal, informal and non-formal education,
home schooling
4. Inclusive education
5. Equalization of educational opportunities

Unit II: Trends in Education & Special Education 20 hrs

1. Aims and objectives of special education

2. Technology and its application in education of the disabled
3. classroom practices: cooperative learning, peer tutoring
4. Use of computer: Computer managed, learning, programmed instruction
5. Electronic aids: Internet, A-V Projectors, Videos

Unit III: Management & School Administration 20 hrs

1. Management: Concept & definition

2. Approaches to management: systems, matrix
3. Institutional planning: School building, admission, classification, staffing,
provision
4. Leadership & organizational climate
5. Inspection & evaluation

Unit IV: Role of Professionals 20 hrs

1. Role of Head of the Institution

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 2. Role of regular and special education teachers
3. Professional relationship with staff, students, therapists, ethical concerns
4. professional up-gradation: In-service & Staff development program
5. Partnership with family & community

Unit V: Scheduling & Supervision 20 hrs

1. Types and preparation of schedules

2. Planning of curricular and co-curricular activities
3. Maintenance of records
4. Needs and types of Supervision
5. Role of Superviso

Reference
1. Kumar,A. (1991) Current Trends in Indian Education – Ashish Publication
House, New Delhi

. 2. Garg, V.P. (1990) Development of Perspectives in Indian Education.-

Metropolitan Publications, New Delhi

3. Agrawal, S.P. & J.C. (1994) Third Historical Survey of Educational

Development of India-Concept Pub. Co., New Delhi

4. Sharma, S.N. (1995) Philosophical and Sociological Foundation of Education-

Kanishka. New Delhi:

5. John, V.F. and Jones, L.S.(1981) Comprehensive Classroom Management –

Allyn & Bacon, Boston

6. Mayer, L.C. (1982): Educational Administration & Special Education –

Allyn & Bacon, Boston

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 (B) Disability Specific Paper
Paper 4 : Autism Spectrum Disorders: Nature, Needs & Etiology
100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Explain the concept, epidemiology & types of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
2. Describe the nature & characteristics of autism
3. Differentiate among the conditions within the ASD
4. Describe the learning characteristics of children with ASD
5. Explain the causative factors for ASD

UNIT I: Introduction to ASD 10 hrs

1. ASD: Concept and definition

2. Historical perspective
3. Prevalence and incidence
4. Types of ASD

UNIT II: Autism 20 hrs

1. Concept and definition

2. Characteristics:
- Language and Communication
- Social behavior
- Stereotype mannerism
- Play & cognition
- Sensory modalities
3. Diagnostic criteria: DSM IV-R, ICD-10

UNIT III: Autistic Spectrum Disorders 25 hrs

1. Concept, definition and characteristics of

a. Asperger’s Syndrome
b. Rett’s Syndrome
c. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
d. Pervasive Developmental Disorders- Not Otherwise Specified
e. Other ASD: Hyperlexia, Semantic-Pragmatic Disorders
2. Differences among conditions within ASD

UNIT IV: ASD: Learning Characteristics & Styles 25 hrs

1. Selective attention
2. Diminished motivation
3. Rigidity & Preservation

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 4. Core deficits: Theory of mind, Central Coherence theory, Executive functioning
deficits
5. Difficulties in generalization & transfer
6. Uneven cognitive profile
7. Visual vs Auditory learning

UNIT V: Etiology of ASD 20 hrs

1. Genetic factors
2. CNS
3. Other Etiological factors

Reference Books

1. Siegel, B. (1996): The World of Autistic Child – Oxford University Press, New
York

2. Miles,B.R. & Simpson,R.L. (2003): Asperger Syndrome, A Guide for Educators

and Parents – Pro ed, Texas

3. National Research Council (2002): Educating Children with Autism – National

Academy Press, Washington

4. Accardo, P.J., Magnusen,C., Capute, A.J. (2000): Autism. Clinical & Research
Issues - York Press, Baltimore

5. Miles,B.R. & Simpson,R.L.(1998): Educating Children & Youth with Autism -

Pro ed, Texas

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 (B) Disability Specific Paper
Paper 5: Assessment & Teaching Methods For Children With ASD

100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Describe the techniques for screening and assessment of children with ASD
2. Explain the need and areas of assessment in ASD
3. Describe the teaching approaches and methods suitable for children with ASD
4. Use the appropriate strategies for teaching children with ASD

UNIT I: Screening, Diagnosis & Assessment 20 hrs

1. Screening, diagnosis & assessment: concept and definition

2. Screening tools: CHAT, M-CHAT, Screening Test for Autism
3. Diagnostic criteria: DSM-IV, ICD-10
4. Diagnostic tools: CARS, Autism Behavior Checklist, ADOS, Asperger’s
Syndrome Diagnostic Scale
5. Observation: PEP-R,
6. Differential Diagnosis

UNIT II: Functional Assessment 20 hrs

1. Need for assessment

2. Types of assessment
3. Assessment of
- Language & communication
- Social behavior
- Motor skills
- Behaviour
- Learning styles & strategies

UNIT III: Approaches to Teaching 20 hrs

1. Behavioural Approach:
- Applied Behavioral Analysis: Principles, Techniques (shaping, modeling,
prompting, enhancing, reinforcement, timeout, extraction, differential
reinforcements, punishment)
- Discrete Trial Teaching
- Structured Teaching (TEACCH)
- Verbal Behavior Analysis
2. Developmental Approach
- Floortime
- Montessori

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UNIT IV: Teaching Method 20 hrs

1. Physical environment & classroom structure

2. Classroom schedule
3. Behavioral techniques for skill acquisition, maintenance & generalization
4. Management of challenging behavior
5. One to one teaching and group teaching

UNIT V: Teaching Strategies 20 hrs

1. Annual & short term goals

2. Specific objectives & target behavior
3. Task analysis: Forward & Backward Chaining
4. Selection & development of T-L material
5. Evaluation of learning: formative & summative

Reference Books
1. Jordan,R..& Powell, S.(2000): Understanding & Teaching Children with Autism –
John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

2. Partington,J.W. & Sundberg,M.L.(1998): The Assessment of Basic Language &

Learning Skills – Behavior Analysts Inc. CA

3. Greenspan,S.I. & Wieder,S.(1998): The Child with Special Needs – Perseus

Books, USA

4. Maurice, C. (1996): Behavioral Intervention for Young Children with Autism. A

Manual for Parents & Professionals - Pro ed, Texas

5. Miles,B.R. & Simpson,R.L.(1998): Educating Children & Youth with

Autism Pro ed, Texas

6. Whitaker, P. (2001): Challenging Behavior & Autism - The National Autistic

Society, London

7. Chari, M. (2004): Autism Diagnosis & After – Orion Printers, Hyderabad

8. Perepa, P. (2007): Autism: A Practical Guide for Parents & Teachers – Prachee
Publications, Hyderabad

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 (B) Disability Specific Paper

Paper 6: Therapeutics & Interventions in ASD

100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Discuss the need for medical intervention in ASD
2. Use the techniques for development of language and communication in children
with ASD
3. Use the methods for sensory integration & occupational therapy for children with
ASD
4. Evaluate the alternative intervention methods for ASD
5. Discuss the roles of psychologists & counsellors in management of ASD

UNIT I: Medical Intervention 20 hrs

1. Role of Medical Professionals

2. Medication: Symptomatic approach for hyperactivity aggression SIB,
Preservation, Anxiety seizures, Sleep disorders
3. Challenges & limitations of medication
4. Role of teachers in Medication.

UNIT II: Speech, Language and Communication Therapy 20 hrs

1. Speech, language and communication: Implications for ASD

2. Development of Language: receptive and expressive
3. Development of communication in verbal children: management of echolalia,
development of conversation skills.
4. Alternative & Augmentative Communication Systems Communication aids &
devices: Scope & limitations
5. Role of speech & language therapist: early childhood to school years

UNIT III: Sensory Integration & Occupational Therapy 20 hrs

1. Sensory dysfunction in ASD

2. Development of perceptual skills
3. Sensory Integration Therapy: principles, method & limitations
4. Sensory integration equipment
5. Development of motor skills & activities of daily living (ADL)
6. Role of occupational therapist: early childhood to school years

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UNIT IV: Alternative Therapies 25 hrs

1. Diet therapy
2. Megavitamin therapy
3. Auditory Integration Therapy
4. Music & Movement Therapy
5. Ayurveda, Yoga & Adaptive Physical Education
6. Animal Therapy

UNIT V: Psychotherapy & Guidance 15 hrs

1. Role of Psychologist
2. Role of Counsellor
3. Play Therapy
4. Cognitive Behavioral Management
5. Family Counselling

Reference Books
1. Shaw, W.(2002): Biological Treatments for Autism & PDD – The Great Plains
Laboratory, Inc. Lenexa

2. Hodgdon, L.(1999): Visual Strategies for Improving Communication - Quick

Roberts Publishing, Michigan

3 Lal, R., & Ghate, R.A. ( 2003): Line Drawings for Signs from Makaton
Vocabulary (Indian Version) – Makaton India, Mumbai

4 Lal, R., & Ghate, R.A. ( 2003): Symbols for Makaton Vocabulary (Indian
Version) – Makaton India, Mumbai

5 Frost, L.A. & Bondy A.S. (1994): Picture Exchange Communication System.
Training Manual – Pyramid Educational Consultants Inc. NJ

6. Jeychandran,P. (2001): Teaching Yogasanas to Persons with Mental Retardation

– Vijay Human Service Centre, Chennai

7. Shersborne, V. (1990): Developmental Movement for Children -

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

8. Ayres,J.A.(1979): Sensory Integration & the Child-Western Psychological

Services, Los Angeles

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 (B) Disability Specific Paper

Paper 7: ASD & Associated Conditions

100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Describe the characteristics & types of children with mental retardation &
cerebral palsy
2. Explain the characteristics & types of children with visual & hearing
impairments
3. Describe the characteristics of children with attentional disorders &
psychiatric co-morbidity
4. Discuss the educational implications for ASD children with various associated
conditions

UNIT I: ASD & Mental Retardation (MR) 20 hrs

1. MR: Concept and definition

2. Characteristics of MR
3. Causes of MR
4. Classification of MR
5. Educational implications for ASD children with MR

UNIT II: ASD & Cerbral Palsy (CP) 20 hrs

1. CP: Concept and definition

2. Characteristics of CP
3. Causes of CP
4. Types of CP
5. Educational implications for ASD children with CP

UNIT III: ASD & Visual Impairment (VI) & Hearing Impairment (HI) 20 hrs

1. VI & HI: Concept and definition

2. Characteristics of VI & HI
3. Causes of VI & HI
4. Types of VI & HI
5. Educational implications for ASD children with VI& HI

UNIT IV: ASD & Psychiatric Co-morbidity 25 hrs

1. Types of Psychiatric Co-morbidity : anxiety, depression

2. Characteristics Psychiatric Co-morbidity
3. Causes of Psychiatric Co-morbidity

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 4. Management of Psychiatric Co-morbidity
5. Educational implications for ASD children with Psychiatric Co-morbidity

UNIT V: ASD & Attentional Deficit Disorders 15 hrs

1. Attention Deficits with and without Hyperactivity: Concept and definition

2. Characteristics of children with ADHD
3. Causes of ADHD
4. Educational implications for ASD children with ADHD

Reference Books

1. Baroff, G.S. (1986): Mental Retardation. Nature, Causes & Management –

Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington

2. Panda, KC (1999): Education of Exceptional Children – Vikas Publications,

New Delhi

3. Cruickshank, M. W. (1976): Cerebral Palsy. A Developmental Disability –

Syracuse University Press, USA

4. Bender, W.N. (1995): Learning Disabilities. Characteristics, Indentification

Teaching Strategies – USA

5. Phyllis & Newcomer (1980): Understading & Teaching the Disturbed Child –
Allyn & Bacon, Boston

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 (B) Disability Specific Paper

Paper 8: Curriculum & Educational Program

100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Explain the concept, types and approaches to curriculum development
2. Adapt curriculum for preprimary, school and transition levels
3. Develop need-based educational programs

UNIT I: Curriculum Development 20 hrs

1. Curriculum: concept and definition

2. Need for development of curriculum
3. Approaches to curriculum development
4. Types of curriculum: developmental, functional
5. Adaptive curriculum for inclusive education

UNIT II: Educational Program (Pre-primary) 20 hrs

1. Motor skills
2. Cognitive skills
3. Pre-learning skills
4. Language & communication skills
5. Social skills & Activities of Daily Living

UNIT III: Educational Program (Primary & Secondary) 20 hrs

1. Motor skills
2. Language & communication skills
3. Social & self help skills
4. Academic skills
5. Pre-vocational skills

UNIT IV: Educational Program (Intermediate & Vocational) 20 hrs

1. Academic skills
2. Social and self care skills
3. Domestic skills
4. Vocational skills
5. Recreational skills

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UNIT V: Development of IEP 20 hrs

1. Need for Individual Education Program (IEP), Individual Family Service Plan
(IFSP)& Individual Transition Plan (ITP)
2. IEP development team
3. Components of IEP
4. Process of IEP development
5. Group educational program
6. Collaborative teaching

Reference Books

1. Pratt, D. (1980): Curriculum Design & Development – Harcott Brace, New York

2. Smith, D.D. (2002): Introduction to Special Education. Teaching in an Age of

Challenge – Allyn & Bacon, Boston

3. Bos, C.S. & Vaugh, S. (1994): Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning &
Behavioral Problems – Allyn & Bacon, Boston

4. Polloway, E.A. & Patton, J.R. (1993): Strategies for Teaching Learners with
Special Needs – Macmillan Publishing Co., New York

5. Baine, D. (1988): Handicapped Children in Developing Countries. Assessment,

Curriculum & Instruction – University of Alberta, Edmonton

6. Romila, S. (1997): School Readiness Program – NCERT, New Delhi

7. Miles,B.R. & Simpson,R.L.(1998):Educating Children & Youth with Autism-

Pro ed, Texas

8. Lovaas, I.O. (1981): Teaching Developmentally Disabled Children. The ME

Book – Pro ed, Texas

9. Turnbull, A.P., Strickland, B. & Brantley, J.C. (1990): Developing and

Implementaing Individualized Education Program – Merrill, London

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 23

 (B) Disability Specific Paper

Paper 9: Adulthood, Family & Community Needs

100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Explain the process of rehabilitation of persons with ASD
2. Evaluate the adult living modes availble for person with ASD
3. Describe the needs of parents and family members
4. Explain the role of community and Government agencies in rehabilitation of
persons with ASD

UNIT I: Parental & Family Issues 25 hrs

1. Impact of ASD on parents

2. Impact of ASD on marriage & career of parents
3. Impact of ASD on siblings & extended family
4. Parental Concerns: diagnosis, intervention, progress, life span issues
5. Need for parental involvement & training
6. Need for support groups, parent networks, counseling
7. Communicating with parents & families

UNIT II: Adult Living 15 hrs

1. Living with family

2. Respite care & foster home
3. Group home
4. Residential care
5. Sexuality & marriage
6. Use of community facilities

UNIT III: Community Awareness & Advocacy 20 hrs

1. Community awareness: types and method

2. Role of parents in community awareness
3. Role of professional organization in community awareness
4. Citizen & self advocacy: Human rights & ethical concerns
5. Community based rehabilitation

UNIT IV: Process of Rehabilitation 20 hrs

1. Habilitation & rehabilitation: concept & definition

2. Career education

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 24

 3. Employment
a. Home based
b. Sheltered
c. Self & supported
d. Open
4. Awareness of services & resources for ASD

UNIT V: Constitutional & Legal Provisions 20 hrs

1. Constitutional provisions for ASD: national & international, UN convention on

rights of persons with disabilities
2. Role of the National Trust
3. Role of the RCI
4. Grant in aid & financial support
5. Legal guardianship

Reference Books

1. Dillon, K.M. (1995): Living with Autism. The Parents’ Stories – Parkway
Publishers Inc. NC

2. Hamilton, L.M. (2000): Facing Autism. Giving Parents Reasons for Hope and
Guidance for Help - Waterbrook, Colorado

3. Desai, A.N. (1990): Helping the Handicapped. Problems & Prospects – Ashish
Publishing House, New Delhi

4. Bennett,T, Lingerfelt,V. & Nelson,D.E. (1990): Developing Individual & Family

Support Plans. A Training Manual – Brooklin Books, MA

5. Webster, E.J. (1993): Working with Parents of Young Children with Disabilities –
Singular Publishing Group, California

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 25

 (C) Methodology for Practicum
Paper 10: Development of Independent Living Skills & Teaching-Learning Material
(TLM)
100 marks
100 hours
Objectives:
On completion of this paper, trainees will be able to
1. Demonstrate understanding of various self help activities across ages and
levels of ASD.
2. Demonstrate competency in selecting suitable functional literacy and
numeracy skills across ages, levels of children with ASD.
3. Develop an understanding of teaching independent work skills for students
with ASD.
4. Explain the relevance of TLM for education of children with ASD
5. To prepare appropriate TLM for curricular and co-curricular activities.
6. Develop TLM for to provide classroom structure.

UNIT I: Teaching of Self Help Skills 20hrs

1. Dressing: Removing & wearing – using fasteners – appropriate choice of

clothes and maintenance – washing & ironing use of suitable footwear and
accessories. Grooming: Tooth brushing – bathing – combing –adaptation
2. Meal time activities: Feeding – eating by self – social behaviour during
mealtime – setting & cleaning before and after meals – adaptation.
3. Toileting: Indication – use of toilet – cleaning self and toilet after use
maintaining privacy – adaptation. Hygiene: Nose cleaning - Nail cutting –
shaving – Menstrual hygiene

UNIT II: Development of Pre-Academic & Academic Skills 20hrs

1. Development of pre-learning skills: Attention, eye-contact, sitting tolerance,

imitation, compliance, cooperation, turn-taking skills, on-task behaviour
2. Pre-academic skills: matching, sorting, sequencing, labeling and other skills
3. Pre-reading and pre writing concepts: picture reading, – controlled use of
writing implements (columing, written lines), tracing. Functional literacy –
identifying community specific functional words – reading & writing
(copying, fill in blanks, understand writing) sentences.
4. Pre-math concepts: concepts such as big – small, far - near, more –less.
Functional numeracy, meaning for counting and identification of numerals
5. Basic computation: number concept, time, money, measurement.
6. Application of functional academic in community: Reading sign boards use of
telephone numbers and public utility services (writing letters, banking,
shopping).

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 26

UNIT III: Teaching Pre-vocational & Vocational Skills 20hrs
1. Daily living skills: routine, travel, creative, appropriate interpersonal relation,
employer/co-worker. Job related Behaviour – grooming skills, punctuality,
regularity, suitable behaviour

2. Occupational skills: related to the job chosen (inclusive of functional

academics), using structure to teach independent work skills, Health/safety
skills – understanding danger – uses sharp objects, safety, uses household
electrical items – First Aid.

3. Vocational rehabilitation: pre-vocational training and types of employment

opportunities suitable for persons with ASD.

UNIT IV: T-L Aids & Environmental Support Material 20 hrs

1. Visual aids: maps, charts, schedules, cards, CDs

2. Auditory aids: tapes, musical instruments
3. Aids for basic concepts
4. Electronic aids
5. Manipulative aids: 3D, 2D models
6. Labels
7. Visual schedules
- Level of visual representation
- Arrangement of visual representation
- Mini schedules & task organizers

UNIT V : Visual Aids for Communication & Social Skills 20 hrs

1. Picture card files

2. Teacher mini books & notebook
3. Communication board
4. Choice boards
5. Activity completion signal cards
6. Visual activity schedule
a. Development
b. Usage
7. Social stories
a. Development
b. Usage
8. Emotion cards & cartoon scripts

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 27

Reference Books

1. Wheeler, M. (1998): Toilet Training for Indivisuals with Autism and Related
Disorders – Future Horizons, Texas

2. Myreddy V, Narayan J (1998) Functional Literacy & Numeracy Series 2 – NIMH,

Secunderabad.

3. Narayan, J. (1993) Towards Independence Series – NIMH, Secunderabad

4. Narayan, J. (1993) Skill Training Booklets – NIMH, Secunderabad

5. Narayan, J. (1990), Social Skills – NIMH, Secunderabad

6. Michael, B., Vallettuti, P. & Bender,R. (1993): Teaching the Moderately &
Severely Handicapped Volume II – University Park Press, USA

7. Peshwaria, R. (1991): Play Activities for Young Children with Social Needs –
NIMH, Secunderabad

8. Keirnen.W.E. & Stark, J.A. (1986): Pathways to Employment for Adults with
Developmental Disabilities – Little Brown & Co. Boston

9. McClannen, L.E. & Krantz, P.J. (1999): Activity Schedule for Children with
Autism. Teaching Independent Behavior – Woodbine House, USA

10. Grandin, T. (1996): Thinking in Pictures and Other Reports from my Life with
Autism – Vintage Books, New York

11. Miles,B.R. & Simpson,R.L.(1998):Educating Children & Youth with Autism-

Pro ed, Texas

12. Miles,B.R. & Simpson,R.L. (2003): Asperger Syndrome, A Guide for Educators
and Parents – Pro ed, Texas

13. Kaul, S. (2002): My Stamp Book – Indian Institute for Cerebral Palsy, Kolkata

14. Gray, C. (1995): Social Stories Unlimited. Social Stories & Comic Strip
Conversations – Jenison, MI

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 28

 (D) Practicals

Assessment and Individualized Education Program

300 marks (150 + 150)

300 hours (150 + 150)
Objectives:
On completion of these practicals, the trainee will be able to

1. Conduct functional assessment of persons with ASD.

2. Plan, implement and evaluate individualized programme plans for person with ASD.
3. Select and make teaching aids appropriate for the training modules.
4. Coordinate own work with the work of other professionals
5. Prepare case study reports of the work done with persons having ASD.

Procedure

During the first year, the trainee is expected to develop under supervision I.E.P. for 3
cases of varying gender and types of ASD, implement and report. Out of 3 cases at least
one should be a child in inclusive education classroom.
In the second year, the trainee will develop under supervision IEP for 3 cases, one each
on mental retardation, CP, multiple disability, implement and report.
The trainee is expected

1. Collect background information including family background, birth and

developmental history, school history and any other significant information
from parents.
2. Relate other reports, if any, such as that of psychologist, therapist, and medical
professionals for planning.
3. Choose the suitable educational assessment tool and conduct assessment of current
level.
4. Adapt curriculum in a selected subject area for IEP for a child in inclusive education
classroom
5. Select goals and objective for intervention, and prepare suitable TLM
6. Implement program and evaluate learning
7. Submit report

Note

1. The master trainer is expected to seek permission for doing I.E.P. from the parents of
the cases and only on consent from the parents should cases be introduced to the trainee
teachers.

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 29

2. List of materials for special educational assessment which the trainee teachers may use
shall include:
• Assessment of Pre-learning skills
• Portage Checklist (Pre-school)
• Madras Developmental Programming Scheme (School)
• Functional Assessment Checklist (School)
• Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills

3. A total of 50 hours of work must be devoted to each of the IEPs. Cases may be taken
simultaneously

Reference Books

1. Turnbull, A.P., Strickland, B. & Brantley, J.C. (1990): Developing and

Implementing Individualized Education Program – Merrill, London
2. Lovaas, I.O. (1981): Teaching Developmentally Disabled Children. The ME
Book – Pro ed, Texas
3. Bluma, S.M., Shearer, M.S., Frohman, A. M. & Hillard, J.M. (1976):
Portage Guide to Early Education – Portage project, Wisconsin

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 30

(D) Practicals

Group Teaching & Peer observation: Curricular Activities

350 marks (300 + 50)

350 hours (300 + 50)
Objectives:
On completion of these practicals, the trainee will be able to

1. Plan and implement lessons to meet the educational needs of students with ASD and
associated conditions in one to one or group settings
2. Evaluate the teaching learning outcomes and identify need for improvement in self and
peers

Procedure

1. The trainee is expected to design a total of 20 lessons under supervision in the

areas of motor skill, language & communication, self help skills, social skills,
functional academics, pre-vocational and vocational skills.
2. Before commencing the delivery of lessons, the trainee must observe a minimum
of 5 lessons given by a senior special educator.
3. The trainee is expected to collect data on functioning level of the children through
educational assessment and information provided by the teacher concerned.
4. Select suitable goals and specific objectives for individual child/group of children
5. Design and submit each lesson plan for approval prior to implementation
6. Implement the approved lesson with appropriate teaching–learning material
7. Evaluate the learning of students, own performance during teaching and suggest
measures for improvement
8. File all lesson plans together with observer’s comments and marks for final
submission
9. A trainee must observe at least 5 lessons given by peers. This observation must be
done along with the master trainer.
10. Peer observations should be reported in prepared format and submitted to the
master trainer

Note

1. The 20 lessons should be evenly distributed over two years. At least 12 lessons
should be given to students with ASD, and the rest to students with associated
conditions.
2. The master trainer should provide opportunities so that a trainee may plan and
implement more than 20 lessons for practice and improvement of skills. While all
practice lessons should be guided and approved, only 20 lessons will be assessed
and marked.

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 31

 3. The master trainer must give an orientation on peer observation to trainees and a
peer observation format which may be used during peer observation by the
trainee.
4. Peer observation is learning process for a trainee and hence must be done while a
lesson is being observed by the master trainer

Allotment of marks

1. Planning & implementation of 20 lessons : 300 marks

2. Peer observation of 5 lessons : 50 marks

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 32

 (D) Practicals

Group Teaching & Peer observation: Co-curricular Activities

200 marks (150 + 50)
200 hours (150 + 50)
Objectives:
On completion of these practicals, the trainee will be able to

1. Plan and implement lessons in co-curricular area meet the educational needs of
students with ASD and associated conditions in one to one or group settings
2. Evaluate the teaching learning outcomes and identify need for improvement in self and
peers

Procedure

1. The trainee is expected to plan under supervision a total of 10 lessons in the areas
of physical education, yoga, music, dance & movement, art & craft and games
2. The 10 lessons must cover each of the co-curricular areas mentioned above.
3. The trainee must observe at least 5 lessons given by a senior special educator
teaching the co-curricular activities
4. The trainee is expected to consult the concerned class teacher about the
appropriateness of a co-curricular activity for the selected group of children
5. Each lesson plan must be approved by the master trainer prior to commencement
of the lesson
6. Implement the lesson with suitable T-L aids, evaluate self and learner’s
performance, and suggest measures for improvement
7. File all lesson plans with observer’s comments and marks for final submission
8. The trainee is expected to observe at least 5 lessons in co-curricular areas given
by a peer
9. Peer observation reports must be submitted on a prepared format and submitted

Note

1. The 10 lessons may be given in the second year. The lessons can be distributed so
that at least 6 lessons are given to students with ASD and the rest to those with
associated conditions
2. The master trainer should ensure that trainee receives skill training in co-
curricular activities wherever required, e.g. yoga, dance & movement etc.
3. The trainee may give more than 10 lessons for enhancing competence
4. Peer observation of a lesson must be done along with master trainer

Allotment of marks

1. Planning & implementation of 10 lessons: 150 marks

2. Peer observation of 5 lessons: 50 marks

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 33

 (D) Practicals

Therapeutics & Management of Behavior

200 marks (100 + 100)

200 hours (100 + 100)

Objectives

On completion of these practicals, the trainee will be able to

1. Plan and implement suitable classroom activities relating to speech & language
therapy, sensory integration and occupational therapy
2. Select and apply appropriate strategies to manage the behavioral deficits Commonly
seen in children with ASD and associated conditions

Therapeutics

Speech Therapy and Sensory Integration Therapy and Occupational Therapy

Procedure

1. The trainee is expected to observe 2 cases in each of therapeutics using the

observation schedule given by the concerned therapist in the Centre. Make an
observation report on each case and submit.
2. The trainee must select 2 students for each of the therapeutics i.e. speech therapy
and sensory integration therapy and occupational therapy conduct the following
under supervision
• Observe children to assess for deficits using appropriate tools
• Analyse assessment data
• Plan suitable intervention program
• Implement program
• Evaluate outcome
3. Submit the report of work in a case study form. The intervention program should
be appropriate for the family and community settings to which the case child
belong

Management of Behavior

Procedure

1. The trainee may select students taken for IEP if they have behavioral deficits.
Whereas in the 1st year a minimum of 3 cases with ASD must be selected, in the
2nd year 3 cases with associated conditions should be selected for management of
problem behavior.

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 34

2. Under supervision the trainee should
• Observe the child.
• Conduct functional analysis of behavior
• Select target behavior with suitable management strategies
• Implement behavioral management program in teaching sessions
• Maintain record of progress
3. Submit report on the intervention program with remarks and suggestions. The
report should be in the form of a case study keeping the family setting of the child
in perspective.

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 35

 (D) Practicals

Career Education & Transition Plan

200 marks (100 + 100)

200 hours (100 + 100)

Objectives

On completion of these practicals, the trainee will be able to

1. Plan a career education program suitable for transition from school to work
environment
2. Implement the career education and transition program with students with ASD

Procedure

Selecting 2 students with ASD above the age of 15 years the trainee is expected to

1. assess the current level of functioning in pre-vocational skills

2. identify family and community needs
3. select at least two suitable occupations based on assessment data for each case
4. develop career education and transition program
5. implement and evaluate the program
6. submit detailed report on each case

The career education and transition programs may be spread over two years. The trainee
may be given one case per year. The work must be done under supervision of the master
trainer.

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 36

 (D) Practicals

Preparation of Teaching Aids & Adaptive Devices

250 marks (125 + 125)

250 hours (125 + 125)

Objectives

On completion of these practicals, the trainee will be able to

1. Design and prepare teaching learning aids to suit the needs of students with ASD
2. Develop culturally appropriate and low cost adaptive devices for communication
and independent living

Procedure

The trainee is expected to

1. Develop teaching learning aids for IEP, Group Teaching (curricular and co-
curricular activities) and career education and transition program.
2. Design age appropriate communication boards, picture cards, low cost sensory
integration devices and adaptive devices for self-help skills
3. Submit all teaching aids and devices for evaluation

Note

The trainee may be allowed to seek guidance from concerned therapists and the master
trainer to design adaptive aids and devices

*****

RCI’s D.Ed.Spl.Ed.(ASD) Revised Curriculum 2008 Page 37