Difference Between Capacitor and Supercapacitor /

Ultra-Capacitor
Both Supercapacitor and conventional capacitors stores charge in the form of electrostatic
field. They are passive components while supercapacitive a type of polar capacitors. While
the function of normal capacitor and ultra-capacitor is same to store charge, there are
some difference between them which we will discuss as follow.

Capacitor
A Capacitor is a two-terminal passive electronic component that stores charge in the form
of electric field between its metal plates. it is made up of two metal plates (electrodes as
anode and cathode) separated by an insulator known as the dielectric.
When source voltage is applied across the two terminal of a capacitor, the current want to
flow through the insulating material but it opposes the flow of electrons. When the voltage
across the capacitor terminal is equal to the applied voltage, the insulation medium still
resist to the flow of electrons. This resist phenomena makes a changes which create an
effect to store energy in the form of electrostatically field.

 Related Post: Difference Between a Battery and a Capacitor

Supercapacitor
Supercapacitor is also known as Super Cap, Double Layer Capacitor or Ultra-
capacitor. The electrodes of supercapacitor is coated with active carbon as electrode
material. A separator is used between Anode and Cathode in Supercapacitor, whereas a
dielectric materials are used in conventional capacitor.
The supercapacitors store charge either using electrostatic double-layer
capacitance (EDLC) or electrochemical pseudocapacitance or both known as hybrid
capacitance.
Supercapacitors are made of metal foil (electrodes), each layered with activated carbon.
These foils sandwich the separator in between. The separator is an ion-permeable
membrane such as graphene (used in modern supercapacitor) which provides the
insulation and exchange of ions of the electrolyte between the electrodes.
Good to Know:
Supercapacitors are considered between Capacitors and Batteries. The main reason
is that Supercapacitor charges very fast like a capacitor and its capacity is high and
discharge rate is slow like a Battery.

 Related Post: Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker

Main Differences between Capacitors and Supercapacitors

There are key differences between a capacitor and ultra-capacitor which are shown in the
below table as comparison.
 Characteristics Capacitor Supercapacitor
Capacitor is a two metallic
Supercapacitoir is a type of polar
terminals (Electrodes) device
capacitor and electrolytic solution is
with dielectric medium in
Construction used instead of dielectric. The
between. Electric energy is
activated carbon is used on
stored in the electrostatic field in
electrodes to enlarge the area.
it.
A Supercapacitor lays in between
Capacitor and battery. Also known
A Capacitor stores potential
as Super Cap, Double Layer
energy in the form of electric
Capacitor or Ultra-capacitor.
Definition field (electrostatically) and
Supercapacitor has very high
release to the circuit as electrical
capacitance and low voltage rating
energy.
as compared to a normal
Capacitor.
Supercapacitor stores energy
Capacitor store energy in the between the ions of the electrolyte
Working
form of electric field. & electrode in a double layer of
charge.

 Electrolytic  Electrostatic Double-Layer

 Capacitors, Capacitors (EDLC’s)
Types  Film Capacitors,  Electrochemical
 Tantalum, Pseudocapacitors
 Integrated Capacitor  Hybrid Supercapacitors.

In Supercapacitor, activated carbon

is used as medium. When voltage
Aluminum oxide, polymer films applied, a double electric field is
or ceramic are used in capacitor generated which acts like a
Dielectric Material
as dielectric medium in between dielectric medium.
  the electrodes.
 
 

 
Supercapacitors can deliver charge
much faster than a battery and
Charging and discharging of
store charge more than an
Charge / conventional capacitor is normal
electrolytic capacitor per volume
Discharge Time as compared to supercapacitor
unit. That is why it is considered
i.e. 10-3-10-6 seconds.
between a battery and an
electrolytic capacitor.
Charge /
Discharge > 0.95 0.85 – 0.98
Efficiency
Operating
-20 to 65 °C (-4 to 149°F) -40 to 65 °C (-40 – 149°F)
Temperature
 Energy <0.1 Wh/kg 1-10 Wh/kg
Energy Density Low Very High
Specific Power Upto 100,000 Wh/kg Upto 10,000 Wh/kg
Cost Low High

 It avoids excessive
drawing of power  Long Life Cycle
 Less Battery drain due to  High Energy Storage
Advantages a capacitor  Fast Charging and
 High Integration Density Discharging Time
 Real and Reactive  High Load Currents
PowerControl

 Cordless electric
 Smoothing power screwdriver, which can be
charged in a few minutes.
supply’s output.
 LED flashlights in digital
 Power factor correction
cameras.
 Frequency filters, high
 For stabilizing power
pass, low pass filters.
supply in laptops and handheld
Applications  Coupling & Decoupling of
devices etc.
signals.
 Uninterrupted power supply
 Motor Starter
(UPS) where it replaces
 Snubber (Surge absorber
electrolytic capacitor banks.
& Noise filter)
 Supercapacitors are used
 Oscillators
in ICs, RAM, CMOS, Clocks and
micro computers etc.

Related Posts:
 Difference between Fuse and Circuit Breaker
 Difference between Contactor and Starter
 Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB & RCB, RCD or RCCB Circuit Breakers
 Difference between AC and DC Resistance & How to calculate it?
 Difference between Star and Delta Connections – Comparison Of Y/ Δ
 Difference between Circuit Breaker and Isolator / Disconnector

Main Differences between Batteries

and Capacitors
Table of Contents [Hide]
 1 Battery
 2 Capacitor
 3 Supercapacitor
 4 Main Differences Between a Battery and a Capacitor
A Battery and a Capacitor is similar as both store and release the electrical energy
and rated in Ah. But, there are some key differences between them which has been
discussed in the following post. The main difference between a battery and a
capacitor is that Battery stores charge in the form of chemical energy and convert to
the electrical energy whereas, capacitor stores charge in the form of electrostatic
field.
 Related Post: Difference Between Capacitor and Supercapacitor

Battery
A Battery is a device used as source of energy. It has three main parts known as Cathode
(Positive Terminal), Anode (Negative Terminal) and a separator known as electrolyte.
Battery store energy in the form of chemicals and convert it back to the electrical energy
when needed. The chemical reaction called oxidation-reduction takes place in between the
cathode and the anode via the separator (electrolyte) during charging and discharging of
the battery.
 Related Post: Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker
Capacitor
A Capacitor is a two terminal device having two or more parallel layers plates separated by
a dielectric medium known as insulator. When voltage applied across the plates of
capacitor, current want to flow through it until the voltage across both the negative and
positive (Anode and Cathode) plates become equal to the applied voltage (source).
The insulating medium in between the two conductive plates of capacitor opposes to the
flow of current. This change create an effect which stores in capacitor in the form of
electrostatic field.
 Related Post: Difference between Contactor and Starter
Supercapacitor
A supercapacitor is also known as Super Cap or Ultra-Capacitor. It is a type of polar
capacitor with high capacitance rating but has low voltage rating. Supercapacitor
capacitance ranges from 100 F to 12000 F with low voltage ratings approximately 2.5
v to 2.7 v.
 Supercapacitor is supposed to be in between a Capacitor and battery. These types of
capacitors charge much faster than a battery and charge more than an electrolytic
capacitor per volume unit. That is why a supercapacitor is considered between a
battery and an electrolytic capacitor.
 Related Post: Difference between Fuse and Circuit Breaker

Main Differences Between a Battery and a Capacitor

The following table shows key differences and comparison between capacitors and
batteries.
Characteristics Battery Capacitor

Symbol

Battery stores potential energy A Capacitor stores the potential

in the form of chemical energy in the form of eclectic
Definition energy which is later field (electrostatic field) and
converted to the electric release to the circuit as electric
energy. energy.

Battery has three parts known

Capacitor is a simple two terminal
as Cathode (positive (+ve),
device Terminals are metallic
Construction Anode (Negative (-ve) and
plates and there is a dielectric
Separator (known as
material (insulator) between them.
electrolyte).
 Batteries provide energy to the
Capacitors draw, store and
connected circuits. i.e. Battery
Function release the energy. i.e. Capacitor
generates electrons and
only stores charged electrons.
charge.

Battery works based on When voltage applied across the

Working Principle chemical reaction called capacitor terminals, It starts to
oxidation-reduction reaction. store energy in it.

Operation Battery Generate Electrons. Capacitor Store Electrons.

Battery types are Alkaline,

Electrolytic, Electrostatic,
Lithium Cells, Silver Oxide
Electrostatic, Electrochemical,
Cells, Zinc Air Cells, Zinc
Super Capacitor, Hybrid Super
Types Carbon, Lead Acid, Lithium Ion
Capacitors, Ceramic Capacitors,
(Li-ion), Nickel Metal Hydride
Film Capacitors, Tantalum,
(Ni-MH), Nickel Cadmium (Ni-
Integrated Capacitor.
Cd) etc.

Battery is an Active Capacitor is a Passive

Type of Device
Component. Component.

Battery is used to provide DC Capacitor blocks DC supply and

AC & DC Usage
supply. pass the AC supply.

A battery provides almost A Capacitor discharging voltage

Voltage Behavior constant voltage while quickly decreased. i.e. discharge
discharging. rate is very fast.

Potential Difference
Constant Increases exponentially
(P.d)

The Charging and Discharging Charging and Discharging time of

Charging and
time of a Battery is slow i.e. 10 a Capacitor is very fast i.e. 1-10
Discharging
– 60+ minutes. seconds.

Charging Temperature 0 – 45 °C (32 – 113°F) -40 to 65 °C (-40 – 149°F)

Life Cycle 500+ Hours 1M – 3M hours.

Service Life 5-10 Years 10-15 Years

Voltage per Cell 3.6-3.7 Volts 2.3 – 2.75 Volts.

Battery Specific power rating is Capacitor Specific power rating is

Specific Power Rating
about 1k – 3k (W/kg). about 1M (W/kg).

Battery polarity reversed during Capacitor polarity must be same

Polarity
charging and discharging. during charging and discharging.
 For the same charging Capacitor size is large as
Size capacity, Battery size is small compared to a battery for same
as compared to a capacitor. capacity rating.

Cost Cost of Battery is higher. Cost of Capacitor is Less.

 Storage Capability  Long Life Cycle

 Power Density  Short Charging Time
Advantages  Better Leakage Current  High Load Currents
than a Capacitor  Good Temperature
 Constant Voltage Performance

 Limited Life Cycle  Low Specific Energy

 Long Charging Time  High Self Discharge
 Currant and Voltage  High Cost per Watt as
Disadvantages
Limitation compared to Battery
 More Temperature  Linear discharge voltage
sensitive during operation

 Power Electronics  Smoothing power supply’s

 Household application output.
 Storage the power  Power factor correction
 Medical devices  Frequency filters, high
 IOT based devices pass, low pass filters.
Applications  Military and submarines  Coupling & Decoupling of
 AI based devises signals.
 Used in automotive   Motor Starter.
Vehicles  Snubber (Surge absorber
 Used as backup power & Noise filter)
supply restoration.  Oscillators

Difference between Analog and Digital

Multimeter
Electrical Technology

 1 4 minutes read

Main Differences between Digital and Analog Multimeter
Both Digital Multimeter and Analog Multimeter (also know as multi-tester) are used to test
and measure different electrical quantities such as Current in Amperes, Voltage in Volts,
Resistance in Ohms (Ω) etc. Digital Multimeter has some advantages as compare to
Analog Multimeter as it has some additional features and ability to measure a wide range
of electrical quantities. To know the basic differences between AMM and DMM, follow the
article below.

 Related Post: Difference Between Capacitor and Supercapacitor

Analog Multimeter
Analog Multimeter is a simple device as compared to Digital Multimeter which is used the
basic electrical quantities such as AC and DC resistance , voltage and currents etc.
Analog Multimeter (AMM) is  also known as AVO Meter (Ampere, Voltage and Ohms).
Inside AMM, there is a permanent magnet moving coli (Galvanometer) which is connected
to the pivot of a pointer (needle as a pointer analog scale). Trimmers (as a combination
of resistors) are used to measure the current in it. The deflection of the pointer indicates
the measuring quantities values printed on the screen.
 Related Post: Difference Between a Battery and a Capacitor
Digital Multimeter
Digital Multimeter (DMM) is a complex combination of Analog to Digital Converter (ADC),
Digital Display (LCD), Comparators, Encoders and logic controllers etc.
DMM has some advantages over AMM as it has some special features to measure
additional electrical quantities. It is used to calculate electric current, voltage, resistance,
capacitance, inductance, impedance etc.
One of the most feature of Digital Multimeter over Analog Multimeter is that it can be used
to test and check different electronics components and devices if they are good or need to
be replaced with new one.
For example, you can check a capacitor with DMM, Test different types of Transistors, test
a diode, check a relay, perform a continuity test, finding the value of burnt resistors etc. It
 is also more accurate and easy to use as compare to AMM. That’s why Digital Multimeter
is more suitable than a basic Analog Multimeter.
 Related Post: Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker
Main Differences between Analog & Digital Multimeter
There are key differences between an Analog Multimeter and Digital
Multimeter which are shown in the below table as comparison.
Characteristics Analog Multimeter Digital Multimeter

Generic Symbol

Digital Multimeter is a device

used to measure multiple
An Analog Multimeter is a electrical quantities such as
device used to measure Current, Voltage, Resistance,
Definition limited electrical quantities Capacitance, Diode values,
such as Current, Voltage and Transistors etc. It can also be
Resistance etc. used to check different electronic
devices such as capacitor,
transistor and diodes etc.
Analog Multimeter is
Digital Multimeter is a
permanent magnet moving
combination of complex
coil Galvanometer. A
electronics parts such as digital
Construction Galvanometer is a
display as LCD, Analog to Digital
combination of resistors and
Converter (ADC), Comparator,
trimmers are used to
Encoder, Logic components etc.
measure the current.
Analog Multimeter (AMM or
Digital Multimeter (DMM Meter)
AVO Meter) primarily
Working Principle measures voltage using Analog to
measures the current using a
Digital Converter (ADC).
Galvanometer.
To measure the basic electrical
To Measure the Current in
quantities as well as test various
amperes (A), Voltage in Volts
Functions electronic components such as
(V) and Resistance in Ohms
diode, transistor and capacitors
(c).
etc.
Mostly, DMM meter can
measures basic and advance
Normally, AVO meter electrical quantities such as
measures the basic electric current, resistance, voltage,
Measuring Abilities
qualities such as current, capacitance, inductance etc. It
voltage and resistance. can be also used to check of a
diode and transistor etc are OK or
faulty.
 Analog Multimeter shows the Digital Multimeter shows reading
Reading values on a printed value on a digital display (LCD) in the
scale against moving pointer. form of numeric values.
Analogue Multimeters should Digital Multimeters provide
Calibration
be calibrated manually. automatic calibration.
Analog Multimeters are less
accurate due to wrong pointer
readings and parallax errors
Digital Multimeters are most
(viewing the pointer of an
Accuracy accurate as compared to analog
analog multimeter from
multimeters.
another angle and
misinterpret the
measurement).
Superior resolution and Inferior resolution and accuracy
Resolution
accuracy (±5% or more). (±3% in common).
In Analog Multimeters, range
has to be set manually for Modern Digital multimeters have
Range
different measuring quantities the auto ranging features.
by rotating the knob.
Each range is the maximum
As a multiplying factor, Ohms
Ω Range which is up to 20MΩ (mega
range up to R x 10,000 ohms.
Ohms).
Highest frequencies ranges can
The frequency measuring
be measured by Digital
Frequency Range rage for Analog Multimeters
Multimeter as compared to
are up to 2kHZ.
Analog multimeters.
Input resistance of digital
Input resistance is not constant in
multimeter is constant for all
Input Resistance analog multimeters. i.e. it
the ranges to be measured.
changes with range.
(10-22MΩ).
Digital Meters has ability to
Analog Multimeters accept
accept multiple input signals and
Input Signals only one input signal per
user can chose the desired one
operation.
by adjustable display.
No zero ohm adjustment is Zero Ohm adjustment changes
Zero Ω Adjustment needed in a digital with each range in Analog
multimeter. Multimeter.
Analog Multimeter pointer Digital Multimeter indicates a
Reverse Polarity attempts to deflect to the left negative (-) quantity when the
in case of reverse polarity. polarity is reversed.
Power Supply Not required in case of Power Source is required to use
current and voltage the Digital Multimeter for
measurement. Power supply measurement.
only required in case of
 resistance measurement.
Size Comparatively bigger. Small as a handy tool.
DMM are costly as compared to
AVO meters are less costly
AMM as they have more
Cost due to limited quantity
parameters measuring abilities
measuring features.
and features.
Digital Multimeters are used to
test and measure:
 Current
 Voltage
Analog Multimeters are used
 Resistance
to measure:
 Inductance
Applications  Current
 impedance
 Voltage
 Capacitance
 Resistance etc.
 Diode Testing
 Transistor Testing
 Capacitor Testing and
even more features.

Difference between Circuit Breaker

and Isolator / Disconnector
Electrical Technology

 0 3 minutes read

Main Differences between Isolator / Disconnector and Circuit Breaker
Table of Contents [Hide]
 1 Isolator and Disconnetor
 2 Circuit Breaker
 3 Differences between Circuit Breaker and Isolator / Disconnector
 4 Different Characteristic of Isolator, Switch Disconnector and Circuit Breaker
o 4.1 Characteristics of Switch Disconnectors
o 4.2 Characteristics of Isolator
o 4.3 Characteristic of Circuit Breaker

Isolator and Disconnetor

As the name suggests, An Isolator or Disconnector is an isolating or
disconnecting switch which disconnects or isolate the whole or a specific part of the circuit.
It is used where we need to disconnect a portion of the circuit in case of faults from the
main power supply for maintenance purposes. Isolator blocks the DC current and allow the
AC current to flow through it (same like a capacitor). HV and MV Switch Disconnectors
and Isolators are used in high voltage equipment such as transformer, substation etc.
Switch Disconnectors are used in MV installation nowadays. HV/MV Switch Disconnectors
And Isolators are used where power installations exceeding 1 kV AC (IEC-61936-1).
 Keep in mind that isolator or disconnector should not open when the current is
flowing through it.
 There may a physical and construction difference between Switch
Disconnectors, Load Switches, Disconnectors as Isolating Switches but the
function is almost same.
Related Post: Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker

Circuit Breaker
A Circuit Breaker is a protective device used to control the flow of current same like a fuse.
It break the circuit in case of fault conditions like short circuit and overload. It also capable
to operate automatically, manually or by remote control in normal and faulty conditions.
A relay inside the circuit breaker sense the errors signal and sends to the mechanical
switch which make and close the contacts.
 Related Post: Main Difference between Fuse and Circuit Breaker
Differences between Circuit Breaker and Isolator / Disconnector
The following table shows the main differences between Isolators, Disconnectors and
Circuit Breakers.
Characteristics Circuit Breaker Isolator / Disconnector

Symbol
 Circuit Breaker consists of Isolators and Disconnectors are
Construction electromechanical switch and a types of simple mechanical
relay in a single box. switch.
Circuit Breaker is operated Isolator and Disconnector are
Working
Automatically and Manually. operated Manually.
Circuit Breaker is an Isolator is a Mechanical Device
Type of Device Electromechanical or electronic act as Switch and provides
device and relay mechanism. isolation functions.
Circuit Breaker is a protection Disconnector and Isolator
device (such as MCB, ACB, switches provide isolating
Function and Operation SF6, OCB etc) which function i.e. disconnecting the
disconnects the circuit in case of supply from all or a portion of
overload and short circuit faults. installation e.g. in power plants.
Pantograph ,Knee, Double
MCB (Miniature), ACB (Air
Types Break, Center
Blast), OCB (Oil), SF6 etc.
Break, Earthingetc.
Circuit Brekaer is an ON-Load Isolator is an OFF-Load Device
and OFF-Load Device i.e. it i.e. Disconnector can be
ON-Load Operation
operates when the power supply operated when the power supply
in ON or OFF. is totally OFF.
At ON-Load Conditions, Circuit Isolators have low withstand
Withstand Capacity breaker has the high withstand Capacity as compared to circuit
Capacity. breakers.
Thermal Capability High Low
It has Main as well as Arcing It has Main and Moving Arms /
Contacts
Contacts. Blades.
Circuit Breakers can be used to Disconnector can be used to re-
Power Routes
re-route the power Supply. route the power supply.
Trap Charges It can’t remove the trap charges. It can remove the trap charges.
In CB, Air, Oil, Vacuum or SF6
Isolators don’t require insulation
Insulation gas are used as insulation
or insulation medium.
medium.
In Circuit Breakers, there is a In Isolator, there is no
Over-voltage During
chance of rise in overvoltage overvoltage rise during switching
Switching
during switching operation. as it is an OFF-Load device.
Earth Switches are not included Single or Double Earth Switches
Earth Switch
in the the circuit breakers. can be included in Disconnector.
Circuit Breaker interrupts the Isolator doesn’t interrupt any
Interruption normal as well as short circuit current. It only isolates the circuit
currents during faults. for maintenance purpose.
Current Flow Operation Circuit Breaker can be opened Isolator / Disconector should not
 during the flow of current be opened when the current is
through it. i.e. It can be operated flowing through it. Current flow
in both cases where the power should be disconnected by
supply from utility pole is ON or Turning off the circuit breaker
OFF. before.

 Related Post: Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB & RCB, RCD or RCCB
Circuit Breakers
Different Characteristic of Isolator, Switch Disconnector and Circuit
Breaker
Characteristics of Switch Disconnectors
 Rated voltage: 2 kV – 36 kV
 Rated current: 400 A – 1,250 A
 Rated short-time withstand current (3 s): 5 kA – 25 kA
Characteristics of Isolator
 Rated voltage
 MV: 2 kV – 36 kV
 HV:5 kV – 800 kV
 Rated current
 MV: 400 A – 1,250 A
 HV:2,000 A – 5,000 A
 Rated short-time withstand current (3 s)
 MV: 5 kA – 25 kA
 HV:50 kA – 80 kA
Related Post: Main Difference between Contactor and Starter
Characteristic of Circuit Breaker
 Rated Current 10k A and above.
 Electromagnetic Circuit breaker must trip in case of over current.
 Thermal circuit breaker must trip in case of continues overload.
 Mechanical Circuit Breaker must open and close the circuit like a switch.
 A Circuit breaker must prevent the re-connection of the circuit in case of existing
short circuit current in the circuit.
 A Circuit breaker must reconnect the load circuit to the power supply automatically
or manually in case of no faults currents i.e. short circuit and overload.
Related Posts:
 Difference Between a Battery and a Capacitor
 Difference Between Capacitor and Supercapacitor
 Difference Between Neutral, Ground and Earth
 Different Types of Electrical Wiring Systems
 Difference Between Neutral, Ground and Earth?
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What is the difference between Power
Transformers and Distribution
Transformers?
Electrical Technology

 12 1 minute read

Main Difference between Power Transformer and Distribution
Transformer
In brief, those transformers installed at the ending or receiving point of long and high
voltage transmission lines are the power transformers (mostly Step up). At the other
hand, The distribution transformers (generally pole mounted) are those installed nearby
the load terminals (City and villages) to provide utilization voltage at the consumer
terminals (mostly step down).

Below are some additional differences between power and distribution transformers.
 Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for
step-up and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are
generally rated above 200MVA.
 Distribution transformers are used for lower voltage distribution networks as a
means to end user connectivity. (11kV, 6.6 kV, 3.3 kV, 440V, 230V) and are generally
rated less than 200 MVA.
 A power transformer usually has one primary and one secondary as well as one
input and output setup. A distribution transformer may have one primary and one
divided or “Tapped” secondary, or two or more secondaries.
 Power transformers generally operate at nearly full – load. However, a distribution
transformer operates at light loads during major parts of the day.
 The performance of the power transformers is generally analyzed by commercial or
maximum efficiency because they are designed for maximum efficiency at full load.
Whereas, the performance of a distribution transformer is judged by all day efficiency of
 transformer because they are designed to be operated for maximum efficiency at 60-
70% load as they are normally doesn’t operate at full load all the day as there are peak
hours for load in 24 hrs which are not same at once all the time.
 The rating of a high transformer is many times greater than that of distribution
transformer.
 In Power Transformer, the flux density is higher than the distribution
transformer.
 Power transformers, primary winding always connected in star and secondary
winding in delta connections while in distribution transformers, primary winding
connected in delta and secondary in star connection. read more about the comparison
between star & delta connections.

 In The Sub station, at the end of the transmission line, The power transformer
connection is in Star-Delta.(to step down the level of voltage)
 At the beginning of the transmission line (H-T), the connection of the power
Transformer is in Delta – Star (to step up the level of voltage). Also, not that the same
connection i.e Delta – Star connection is used in three phase step down distribution
transformer as well
Good to Know: All day efficiency = (Output in KWhr) / (Input in KWhr) in 24 hrs. All day
efficiency is less than the Power efficiency. Read more Here.
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Components of Admittance. ( Simple Explanation)

Explain the statement that induction motor is fundamentally a Transformer?

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What is motor starter?

Why the circuit Current (I) decrease, when Inductance (L) or inductive reactance (XL) increases
in inductive circuit?