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Digital Communications: Lecture 2: Sampling and PCM

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Digital Communications: Lecture 2: Sampling and PCM

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Trần Thành Hiếu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

Lecture 2: Sampling and PCM


Associate Prof. Dr. Eng. VAN DUC NGUYEN
Communication engineering department, School of Electronics and
Telecommunication
Hanoi University of Science and Technology

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 1


1. Pulse Modulation Methods

(a) PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation)


(b) PWM (Pulse Width Modulation),
(c) PPM (Pulse Position Modulation).

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 2


2. Sampling method

➢ Natural sampling method


➢ Flat-topped sampling method

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 3


2.1 Natural sampling method

• Spectrum of the sampled signal has the envelop following the sinc(x) function.
• The spectrum of the original signal will be repeated by the period of 1/Ts, where Ts is the sampling period
• The width \tau of the sampling impulse decide the width of the sinc (x) function
Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 4
2.2 Flat-topped sampling method
• Spectrum of the sampled signal has the envelop
following the sinc(x) function.
• The spectrum of the original signal will be
repeated by the period of 1/Ts, then multiplied
with the sinc function
• The width \tau of the sampling impulse decide
the width of the sinc (x) function
• The original spectrum will be disturbed by the
sinc function

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 5


2.3 Nyquist sampling theory
Nyquist Sampling theory:

The signal at the receiver can be


perfectly recovered by the LPF if

fs  2 fH

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2.4 Aliasing interference
If fS<2fH

Then:

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 7


2.5 Low pass filter
Ideal low pass filer (LPF):

Non ideal low pass filter:

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 8


2.5 Implementation of a LPF
By the RC circuits (analog filter):
1
H( f ) =
1 + j 2RCf

1
H( f ) =
1 + (2RC) 2 f 2

By digital signal processing – digital filer (FIR method)

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 9


Bài tập: sử dụng Matlab để vẽ sóng sin và phổ
của nó

Bài tập lớn (nhóm 4): thiết kế bộ lọc thông thấp bằng phương
pháp RC với băng thông từ 0 đến 20KHz; kiểm tra lại bằng việc
cho tín hiệu với các tần số khác nhau qua bộ lọc

Bài tập lớn (nhóm 5): Thiết kế bộ lọc số bằng phương pháp FIR
với bang thông từ 0 đến 20 KHz; thầy gợi ý dung vi điều khiển
STM32F4 – hỏi anh Dũng trưởng WicomLab-C9421

Lecture's material organized by Dr. Eng. Van Duc Nguyen 10

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