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Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2015

Pearson Edexcel International

Advanced Subsidiary in Chemistry
(WCH02) Paper 01

Created on 12/02/2015 06:36:0011:14:30

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January 2015
Publications Code IA040464
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2015
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of
QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and

grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and
to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist
vocabulary when appropriate

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Using the Mark Scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This
does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does
mean allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application
of principles and knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and
consider every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be worthy of
credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

 an idea of the types of response expected
 how individual marks are to be awarded
 the total mark for each question
 examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full
credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but
helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected answer.
Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word
is essential to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier
part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same
question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark.
Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct
words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must
be in the correct context.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
 write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order
to make the meaning clear
 select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
 organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in
the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

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Section A (multiple choice)

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
1 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
2(a) B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
2(b) A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
3 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
4 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
5 D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
6 A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
7 D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
8(a) C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
8(b) D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
9 B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
10 A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
11 D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

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Number
12 D 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
13 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
14 B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
15 A 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
16 C 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
17 B 1

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
18 D 1

(TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS)

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Section B

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(a) (in NH3 =) -3/3-/-III (1) 2
(in NO =) +2/2+/+II (1) Just ‘2’

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(b)(i) It has an unpaired electron Just 1
‘single electron’
ALLOW non-paired ‘lone electron’

Ignore references to Electrons

reactivity/stability/orbital/charge/location Free electron
of unpaired electron

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(b)(ii) 2

ALLOW

Double bond as shown in either of above

diagrams (1)

2 lone pairs on one atom and 1 lone pair +

1 unpaired electron on the other atom

(1)

Second mark dependent on the first

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(c) To score 2 marks look for one of the following pairs 2
of answers:

Carry out in a fume cupboard

IGNORE (face) masks
and
NH3/ NO toxic/poisonous Harmful/
ALLOW Dangerous
Cr2O3 is toxic/poisonous (2)

OR

Wear gloves
and
(Concentrated) ammonia is corrosive /causes burns
(2)

OR

Safety screens / students wearing safety goggles

and
Risk of explosion / very exothermic (2)

If the linked points are not made for 2 marks, then ‘Fireflies’
any of the above precautions or hazards scores 1 flashes
mark max

Ignore correct but irrelevant chemistry and penalise

incorrect statements, e.g. environmental damage by
NO can be ignored but flammability of chromium(III)
oxide is incorrect

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(d)(i) 2

Labelled y axis: fraction / proportion / number of molecules Atoms

(with a given kinetic energy) and activation energy labelled
with a vertical line to the right of the curve peak
ALLOW
Particles for molecules (1)

Shape of curve (1)

The curve must clearly start from the origin, rise to a peak
and then decrease, approaching the x axis without
crossing/touching it.
If the curve is concave at the start or rises at the end then
this mark is lost.

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19*(d)(ii) Can be shown on diagram (as below): Ea 2
(A catalyst) provides (an alternative reaction pathway with) a catalyst
lower activation energy (1) to the
Greater Proportion/More particles (as shown in the diagram) RHS =0
have or exceed the (lower) activation energy (so greater
proportion of successful collisions) (1)

Ignore references to temperature change

Graphs with two curves scores max 1

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(e) Marking point 1 2
Catalysts weaken/break the bonds of the
reactants
OR
Increase the collision rate/number of collisions
(1)

Marking point 2
Any one of:

Reaction takes place on the (catalyst) surface

/active sites (1)

The gaseous reactant molecules adsorb on the Absorb

catalyst (and then react) (1)

The product molecules desorb from the surface

(1)

Marks are stand alone

Ignore general definitions of a catalyst

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(f)(i) (NH4)2Cr2O7 1

OR
Formula with balanced charges

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(f)(ii) Fill the flask with nitrogen / noble gas / argon / 1
helium (and the reaction still takes place)

ALLOW
Carry out in a vacuum/remove the air

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(f)(iii) Orange to green Any other 1
colours in
Ignore such descriptors as ‘bright’ or ’dark’ etc combination
e.g.
orange-
yellow

TOTAL FOR QUESTION 19 = 16 MARKS

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(a) 3

Displayed formula for ethanol (1)

Displayed formula for ethanoic acid (1)
Balancing correct equation (1) O2

Penalise OH and/or CH3 and/or omission of square

bracket around the O for the oxidizing agent once
only

Ignore absence of displayed formula for water

Ignore state symbols even if incorrect

ALLOW full marks for one equation for the oxidation

of ethanol to ethanal and then a second equation for
the oxidation of ethanal to ethanoic acid as long as
displayed formulae are given

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(b)(i) Primary/ 1° Secondary 1
Tertiary

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(b)(ii) Marking point 1 3
Ethanal...
volatile/has low boiling temperature
(compared to ethanol) ethanoic
acid
ALLOW
evaporates easily/readily (1)

Marking point 2
Ethanal...
Distils
OR
Boils out of the mixture/boils off
OR
Condenses in the right-hand flask
ALLOW
Passes through the condenser (1)

Ignore ‘fractional’

Marking point 3
Ethanal...
Separates before being oxidized further/completely
OR
Away from the oxidizing agent

ALLOW
Reflux is needed for complete oxidation
OR
Reflux is needed for oxidation (of ethanol) to ethanoic
acid
OR
Reflux is needed otherwise only partial oxidation
occurs (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(b)(iii) Prevents pressure building up (by allowing gases to 1
escape)

ALLOW: prevent explosion

Ignore the identification of any gases produced even

if incorrect

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(c)(i) An incorrect test scores zero 2

Either of the following approaches:

(Reagent)
PCl5 / phosphorus(V) chloride / phosphorus
pentachloride
OR
SOCl2 / thionyl chloride (1)

(Observation)
Misty fumes/steamy fumes / White smoke
white fumes
(1)

OR

(Reagent)
Na/Sodium
(1) Just ‘gas’
Any incorrect gas
(Observation)
Effervescence / bubbles (1)

Observation consequential on reagent or a

‘near miss’ such as PCl3 / PCl5(l)

PCl scores 0/2

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
+
20(c)(ii) Allow the atoms in any order Absence of sign 2

CH3CHO+
+ +
(Mass Spectrum fragment) CH3CO /C2H3O

ALLOW
HCO+ (1)

(Infrared spectrum difference)

Any from
(Presence of) C=O absorption/peak/stretch
OR
(Presence of) C-H in CHO
absorption/peak/stretch

ALLOW
Lack of O-H absorption/peak/stretch
OR
Lack of C-O absorption/peak/stretch (1)

Ignore any wave numbers quoted

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(d)(i) C3H8O3 + 3½O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O 1

OR multiples
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(d)(ii) Many possibilities but the most likely are 3
C3H8O3 + ½O2 → 3C + 4H2O

OR

C3H8O3 + 2O2 → 3CO + 4H2O

One mark for species (1) H2 as product
One mark for balancing (1) scores 0/2

ALLOW any suitable combination of above

e.g.
C3H8O3 + 1½O2 → 2CO + C + 4H2O
C3H8O3 + 2O2 → CO2 + CO + C + 4H2O

Ignore state symbols even if incorrect Equation for

complete
combustion
scores 0/2

(Observation – standalone mark) Just ‘smoke’

black smoke/black fumes / sooty / yellow Just ‘carbon’
flame Just ‘blue
flame’

ALLOW
Black solid/black deposit/soot (1) Grey

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(e)(i) Nucleophilic (1) Elimination 2
Substitution (1) Addition

ALLOW phonetic/alternative spellings of

nucleophilic
ALLOW for one mark: SN2/ SN1 alone

ALLOW in any order

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(e)(ii) 3

()

X=F

Dipole on halogenoalkane and lone pair on the

oxygen of the hydroxide ion and negative
charge on the hydroxide ion (1)

curly arrows (ALLOW from any part of the OH–

including the charge) (1)

Both correct products (1)

SN1 mechanism scores first and third marks only

If ethanol is not the alcohol formed max 2

TOTAL FOR QUESTION 20 = 21 MARKS

(TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 37 MARKS)

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Section C

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(a) Diagram similar to: 3

Marking point 1
Heat/Bunsen flame and Magnesite (1)

Marking point 2
Suitable container and delivery tube dipping into the liquid
ALLOW the collection of gas over water/ syringe (1) System
sealed
Marking point 3
Limewater turns cloudy/milky/white precipitate (1)

ALLOW alternative correct diagrams e.g. use of teat pipette to

collect carbon dioxide

The limewater change can be stated on the diagram or on the

lines provided.

Clamp not required

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(b) Mg(OH)2(s) → MgO(s) + H2O(g) /(l) 2

Equation (1)
State symbols (1) (aq)

OR multiples

Symbol mark dependent on correct equation

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(c) Any from: 1
Ca(OH)2/Sr(OH)2/Ba(OH)2 Be(OH)2

ALLOW Ra(OH)2

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(d) Mg3N2 (1) 3

Energy from (burning) magnesium/the

reaction...
and
breaks the N≡N triple bond
ALLOW
breaks down nitrogen molecules (1)

Carry out in a mixture of an inert gas Just ‘remove

(argon) and oxygen (gas) nitrogen’
ALLOW
Carry out in (pure) oxygen (gas)
OR
Carry out in steam (1)

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(e) Electrons are... 4
promoted
OR
excited
OR
moved to a higher energy level (1)

Electrons...
return to lower energy level
OR
return to ground state
OR
fall back (1)

Energy/Light/Radiation/Photon is
emitted/released upon return (1) Proton
IGNORE colour is released

(For magnesium compounds) this energy/

radiation/photon is not in the visible region
ALLOW
light is not in the visible region (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(f) 2Mg(NO3)2→ 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2 1

OR multiples
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(g) H2SO4 1

ALLOW
As part of the following equation
MgO + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O

Ignore sulfuric acid and references to

concentration

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(h)(i) If x = 6.41 (from Mr = 120/120.1) 3
6.42 (from Mr = 120.3)
6.43 (from Mr = 120.4)
and there is some evidence of working,
award all 3 marks

If the masses of water and MgSO4 are transposed,

then x = 6.96 and scores 2

Answer must be to 3SF

Answer alone scores (1)

n(MgSO4) = 2.55 ÷ 120.4 = 0.021179 (mol) (1)

(m(H2O) = 5.00 – 2.55 = 2.45)

n(H2O) = 2.45 ÷ 18 = 0.136111 (mol) (1)

(Ratio 1:6.43) x = 6.43

TE on calculated values above (1)

ALTERNATIVE METHOD

2.55 ÷ 5 = 120.4 ÷ (120.4 + 18x) (1)

0.51(120.4 + 18x) = 120.4 (1)

61.404 + 9.18x = 120.4

X = 6.43 (1)

Penalise use of 1SF in intermediate values

OR final answer not 3SF

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(h)(ii) Heat to constant mass Just ‘Heat more 2
ALLOW strongly’
Heat for a longer period of time (1)

To ensure all the water is removed

ALLOW
To ensure all the water is evaporated (1)

Second mark is dependent on first

For max (1)

Solid may ‘spit’ and lose mass
and so heat gently
OR
Use a larger mass of Epsom salts to reduce
percentage error (of weighing)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(i) 90(°) (1) 2

Four bonded pairs of electrons (in a flat/planar

ring) result in maximum separation/minimum
repulsion (1)

If a bond angle of 109.5° is given then the

second mark can be awarded for four bonded
electron pairs repelling to maximum
separation/minimum repulsion

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Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
21(j) Layer/barrier of magnesium oxide forms 1

OR

magnesium oxide forms on the surface

(preventing further reaction)

TOTAL FOR SECTION C (QUESTION 21) = 23 MARKS

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

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