Question

Answer Notes Marks

number

1 (a) MP1. Ray reflects correctly (by eye, any ray 3

straight down the page (allow +/- 10), ignore
horizontal displacement);

MP2. Normal shown / construction line between

actor and image; MP3
MP2
MP3. Reflected ray projecting back to image;

MP1

not spread out from 1 point

for MP1

1 (b) any one from: ignore 1

cannot be formed on a screen/eq ; what is seen in a mirror

rays do not actually come from there ; not real
rays {diverge/don’t actually cross} after reflection; properties of image in mirror, e.g. inverted,
image formed by extension (backwards) of light same distance
rays

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(c) (i) Any suitable example; Allow 1

e. seismic (P-) waves,

sound, waves in a (slinky) spring
ultrasound,
deep water waves
(ii) vibrations/oscillations are parallel or allow vibrations up and down for 3
perpendicular; perpendicular
vibrations back and forward for parallel
To direction of energy transfer/ direction of travel; Accept suitably labelled diagrams
Correct identification of both types; a correct description of either wave = 2 marks
e
e.
Transverse:

Longitudinal:

ignore:
examples of either type of waves

if no other mark, accept

descriptions of pressure changes or clear
diagram(s) showing compression and
rarefaction for 1 mark only

Total 8 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

2 (a) MP1. Substitution into correct equation; 4

MP2. Rearrangement;

MP3. Divide by 2;

MP4. Conversion between km and m; Accept x 1000 at any point in calculation

e.

1.5 x 1000 = 1500

Speed = distance
0.26
Distance = 1500 x 0.26 = 390 (m) 0.39 gets 2 marks

So distance to fish = 195 m 390 gets 3 marks

(b) Any two of 2

MP1. Reflected from different depths within

shoal;

MP2. So (reflected pulse(s)) travels different

distances;

MP3. Fish move;

MP4. Reflection from sea bed;

Total 6 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) Equa to 1
(ii) Any TWO of - Judged by eye to be i = r rays should diverge 2
Rays continued and reflected correctly from after reflection
mirror; Judged by eye
ACCEPT (for the second mark) projection back
Projected back behind mirror (to reasonably the to image even if reflected rays not drawn in
right place) front of the mirror
Line perpendicular to the mirror joining object and
image positions (roughly equal distances in front Rays do not need to have arrows
and behind); Dotted lines no required behind mirror
Image does not have to be labelled
Accept dotted lines in front of mirror if meaning
is clear
Use of ruler not essential, but candidates will
find it difficult to draw a convincing diagram
freehand

(iii) 'rays do not actually meet at the image’ 1

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 Question Answer
nswer Marks
Number
3 (b) (i) Added to diagram -
Reflection inside fibre; Continuous path shown inside fibre 1
At least three (with reasonable angles);
1

(ii) Must be more (optically) dense to less (optically) IGNORE angle of incidence = critical angle 1
dense change; DO NOT ALLOW angle of incidence greater than
Angle of incidence > critical angle; 420 1
(iii) Any ONE sensible point – e.g. 1
IGNORE references to cost
Less prone to noise;
IGNORE references to speed
less prone to heating;
send more information (per second);
more data (per second);

Total
T 9

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) change in direction of waves at a boundary ALLOW change in speed 1
ALLOW idea of ‘boundary’ such as changing
medium, or examples such as ‘going from air
into a glass block’

(b) correct label for i ALLOW labels written out in full as “incidence” 2
or “angle of incidence” etc
correct label for r
REJECT if angles are the wrong way around

(c) (i) refractive index = sin i / sin r ALLOW ‘n’ for refractive index 1

REJECT speed in 1/speed in 2

(ii) MAX 6
Method max 4 marks:
draw around block;
mark positions of incident and emergent rays; Accept pin or pencil method
(remove block and) draw refracted ray;
measure i; Ignore mention of protractor
measure r;
measure angle(s) to the normal;
range of values; i.e. different values of i not just repeating

Data max 2 marks:

(graph of) sin i against sin r;
graph is straight line; DOP
gradient gives refractive index; DOP

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) ANY THREE 3
vibration / oscillation of (air) molecules / particles; need to include what is vibrating
longitudinal;
directions of vibration and propagation are parallel; no need to mention molecules / particles
compression / rarefaction /pressure wave;

(b) (i) 0.01 s ALLOW 2 s.f. / 2 sig figs / 2 significant 1

figures

(ii) speed = distance / time ACCEPT equivalent rearrangement 1

ACCEPT suitable abbreviations e.g. s = d/t
or v = s/t
REJECT equation ‘triangles’ alone

(iii) Student Mean time in s Speed of Sound 1 mark each correct COLUMN (ignoring 3
in m/s sf);;
Andrew 0.45 330 mean time values as shown in mark
Kefe 0.5 300 scheme
speed = 150/mean time (allow ecf)

1 mark for all significant figures correct;

(i.e. 2 s.f. in first row, 1 s.f. in second row)

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) ANY 5 relevant points, e.g. Answers should ideally relate to how MAX 5
Explanation of what reaction time is; appropriate the precision of the
Reaction time affects readings / reaction time does measurements was, linking this to the
matter; number of significant figures merited
Reaction times vary;
Reaction times do not cancel out; Consideration of reaction time and its
Reaction time should be considered / allowed for; measurement may score a number of
Kefe is right (about reaction times); marks
reaction time typically at least 0.1 s;
which is large compared to measured times / large %
error;
time should only be to 1 s.f.;
so final value should also be to 1 s.f. / Kefe’s value
more suitable;
3 s.f. inappropriate;
closer to accepted value does not mean more
accurate;

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) (cm) 1

(ii) Sketched wave (at least 1 cycle) with a Shape of wave and 2
larger amplitude; position of axis
unimportant (i.e.
ignore conditions of
wind and tide)
Sketched wave (at least 1 cycle) with a
longer wavelength;

(b) Any five of - 5

ignore
measurement of
distance
bald ‘clap’
MP1. A method to make a loud enough  wooden blocks
sound;  noise has to
heard over
100m
MP2. Speed = distance
time;
MP3. Need for still air; RA
MP4. Repeat AND average; allow repeat AND
sort out anomalies
MP5. Need to check/reset stopwatch
zero reading;
MP6. Idea of clear visual signal; e.
e
 when the sound
is seen to be
made
 smoke from
starting pistol
MP7. measurement of time interval (because) light
(between visual signal and sound); travels faster than
sound
MP8. Idea of reaction time(s) (could be
a problem);

Continued

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) wave speed = frequency × wavelength Allow abbreviations 1
cont and
rearrangements,
e.g. v=fλ

(ii) Conversion to Hz; Allow 106 seen at 3

any stage
Substitution into correct equation and
rearrangement;
Evaluation;
e.g. 31 MHz = 31 000 000 Hz
wavelength = 300 000 000 ÷ 31 000
000
9.7 m allow answers
which round to 9.7
(9.6774)

(d) Any one of the following ideas - ignore references 1

to
 transverse and
longitudinal
 em spectrum
MP1. the two waves travel at different
speeds;
MP2. the two waves travel the same
distance (or 1 wavelength) in
different times;

Total 13 marks

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