PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN HUMANIORA

MID-EXAMINATION
OF ODD SEMESTER OF 2020-2021 ACADEMIC YEAR

Course : Sociolinguistics Day/Date : Wednesday, 18/11/2020

Answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. Why do people speak differently and what factors influence the way they speak?
2. What are the differences between sociolinguistics and sociology of language?
3. What is meant by the different concepts of Langage, Langue, and Parole? Explain and
give examples for the terms to make clear your answers.
4. How would you describe a speech community and speech repertoire? Give some
examples.
5. What are idiolects, dialects, accents? Explain the differences and give some examples.
6. Elaborate your answers about regional dialects and social dialects.
7. Explain what you understand about language varieties that are related to vernacular
language and standard language. Give some examples.
8. Explain the differences between style, register, and accomodation. Why does a speaker
use different words in different occasions?
9. Explain the concepts of pidgin, creole, and lingua franca.
10. Explain why Indonesian and Malaysian Language can be called as two different
dialects from a language, or they are different languages. Explain your answer.

NAME : ROFILAH QURROTU’AINI SALSABILA

ANSWER :
1. Because humans as speakers of language are not homogenouse or same between one person with
another person, they are heterogenouse so that their speechees become distinct though they use the
same system of language. And they are live in different place, so that the place they live teach a
different speeches.
- factors influence the way they speak :
Sexuality
The sexual orientation of individuals will affect language use.
Age
Age can determine how English learners express themselves and you, as a teacher, can easily see the
difference in language variation if you teach a class of children as opposed to a class of adult learners.
Hobbies
The pastimes and leisure activities that people take part in will affect language use.
How old or young a person is will affect language use.

Deviance

Region
Where a person is from (geographically) will affect language use.

Any 'less savoury' activities that an individual is involved in will affect language use.

Occupation, the job or career that a person does will affect language use.
Context, the context in which a speaker or writer expresses ideas has an influence on the language variation
or choice of words and expressions.

Social Class , the social, educational and economic position that people are born into / live in will affect
language use.
Who, where and why a person is talking to someone else will affect language use.

Gender, Whether you are male or female will affect language use.

Ethnicity
2. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society :

-we study of language an society in order to find out as much as about what kind of thing language is.

-sociolinguistics concerns with the real use of language. E.g. the patterns of the use of a certain language or
dialect used by the speaker.

The sociology of language is the study of society in relation to language.

-we study language and society in order to find out as much as we can about what kind of thing society is.

-sociology of language concerns with social factors.

3. The term parole constitute the implementation of language in the form of speech produced by the society
members in having interaction and communication. Parole can be said as the individual use of ;language.
Parole is concret because it can be observed empirically. Example : ‘when sge is speaking, she always says
‘youi know’.’

The term langage is used to describe language as a system of sound (a communication system) used by
human to communicate or interact, langage is abstract an universal because it does not refer to a certain
language. Example : human has language but animal does not.

The terms language is used to describe a system of sound. Language is abstract system of units and rules
that members of a speech community subconciously share. Language as alangue is limited to a particular
society, therefore the language cannot be understood by other societies. Example : Bella studying English,
while Pur is studying Japan.

4. Speech community is a group of people who use the same variety of a language and share spesific rules
for speaking and for intepreting speech.
Speech repertoire is all languages and their varieties prossessed and acquired by a speaker.

5. Dialect is a variety of a language used in specific social class. Diversities of a language that used by the
members of the societies to communcation. Example : British English used in England, Canadian English
used in Canada, Australian English used in Australia, American English used uin America.

Idiolect is special characteristics of the speaker in using a language, such as voice, style, syntax, and etc.
Example : if there are 100 people, there will be 100 idiolects that characterize every speaker.

Accent the description of aspects of pronounciation that identifies where individual speaker is from,
regionally or society. Example : Javanese, Madurese, Sundanese, Batak.

6. regional dialects are destinctive varieties of a language from one region to another region, hich can be
notioced the differences in pronounciations, in the choice and forms of words, and syntax. Whereas social
dialect is a variety of a language with features that differ according to the social status of the speaker.

7. Language variety (or simply variety) as a cover term for any of the overlapping subcategories of a
language, including dialect, register, jargon, and idiolect.

To understand the meaning of language varieties, it's important to consider how lects differ from standard
English. Even what constitutes standard English is a topic of hot debate among linguists.

Standard English is a controversial term for a form of the English language that is written and spoken by
educated users. For some linguists, standard English is a synonym for good or correct English usage.

8.S tyle is a variety of a language which is associated with social context and which differs from other
styles in terms of their formality. Style : is used in the way most other people use register: to refer to
particular ways of using language in particular context.

Another thing that complicates the study of dialect is the fact that speakers can adopt difference styles of
speaking depending on the circumstances.

Register is a variety of language defined according to its use in sosial situation, e.g a register of scientific,
religious, formal english.

Register is widely used in linguistics to refer to "varieties according to use". In contrast to dialect defined
as varieties according to user (Chesihirel 1992, downes 1994, beiber 1998)

Accomodation is accommodation is the process by which participants in a conversation adjust their accent,
diction, or other aspects of language according to the speech style of the other participant.

Why does a speaker use different words on different occasions? It determines the existence of situations
and conditions. For example: during a meeting the speakers always use formal language, whereas in the
case of traveling or hanging out with friends they use non-formal language.

9. Pidgin is Pidgin languages share the main characteristic of a lingua franca in that they are used as a
means of communication between different communities. Pidgin languages have no native speakers and
usually based on a simplified version of one main language, while borrowing vocabulary and grammar
from several additional languages.
Creole is creole languages are derived from forms of pidgins – they are simply pidgin languages that have
been spoken across generations and which have developed a community of native speakers. While pidgins
are characterised by an extremely simplified structure and are simply used to “get by” when
communicating with someone whose native language you don’t speak, creoles start to re-introduce more
complex grammar. They have their own vocabulary which is distinct from their origin languages’ and a
fully developed system of grammar.

Lingua Franca is Lingua Franca might be the most commonly recognised of these three terms. In essence,
a lingua franca is one that is used for communication between people who have no native language in
common. This helps to facilitate trade and cultural exchange which helps to explain why lingua francas
were also called “trade” or “bridge” languages.

10. There really isn't much difference between the two languages. Various variants of the Malay language
are used in various parts of Indonesia and all admit that the language spoken in Riau Province and its
surroundings is Standard Malay (or High Malay, Standard Malay). Different historical, political
backgrounds and different treatments lead to differences in grammar, terminology and vocabulary,
pronunciation, and word stress in the two modern standard forms that are now used.