Command: ALTER CATEGORY

Description: Alters an existing category.

Syntax:
ALTER CATEGORY name
RENAME TO new_name
Rename the category named
name
to new_name.

Command: ALTER COHORT

Description: Alters an existing cohort.
Syntax:
ALTER COHORT name
{ IN COHORT parent | IN NONE }
Change the cohort's place in the cohort hierarchy. If parent is specified, i
t must be another
existing cohort that will become the named cohort's parent.
If NONE is specified, the cohort has no parent and is the top of a
cohort hierarchy.
ALTER COHORT name
RENAME TO new_name
Rename the cohort named
name
to new_name.

Command: ALTER DATABASE

Description: Alter properties of a database
Syntax:
ALTER DATABASE database_name SET DEFAULT CHARACTER SET LATIN9
Alter the default 8-bit character set of the database to LATIN9. The defaul
t
8-bit character set of a database may only be altered if it is currently und
eclared.
ALTER DATABASE database_name OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the database.
ALTER DATABASE database_name RENAME TO new_db_name
Rename the database.
ALTER DATABASE database_name COLLECT HISTORY [ ON | OFF ]
Change the collect history attribute of the database.

Command: ALTER FUNCTION

Description: Alter properties of a User Defined Function
Syntax:
ALTER FUNCTION function_name(argument_types)
 OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the function
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.

ALTER FUNCTION function_name(argument_types)

[ RETURNS return_type ]
[ [ DETERMINISTIC | NOT DETERMINISTIC ] ]
[ [ RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | CALLED ON NULL INPUT ] ]
[ MAXIMUM MEMORY [ '0' | '100' | '1k' | '10k' | '100k' | '1m' | '10m' ] ]
[ LOGMASK mask ]
[ NO DEPENDENCIES | DEPENDENCIES deplibs ]
[ EXTERNAL CLASS NAME 'class_name' ]
[ EXTERNAL HOST OBJECT 'host_object_filename' ]
[ EXTERNAL SPU OBJECT 'SPU_object_filename' ]
Modify a user defined function
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.
return_type is one fully specified argument and type.
Follows same rules as argument_types.
DETERMINISTIC indicates that the UDF is a pure function, one which always
returns the same value given the same argument values and which has no side
effects. The system may consider multiple instances of a deterministic UDF
having identical argument lists to be candidates for common subexpression
elimination
RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT indicates that the function always returns null
whenever any of its arguments are null. If you specify this parameter, the
function will not be executed when there are null arguments; instead a null
result is assumed automatically. CALLED ON NULL INPUT (the default)
indicates that the function will be called normally when some of its
arguments are null. It is then the function creator's responsibility
to check for null values if necessary and respond appropriately.
MAXIUM MEMORY specifes expected maximum memory used.
mask specifies the log mask. Can be one or a comma seperate list of:
{ DEBUG, TRACE, NONE }
deplibs specifies the library dependencies . Can be one or a comma separated
list of library names
NO DEPENDENCIES specifies that there are no dependencies for the function an
d can be used to
clear preexisting dependencies.
class_name specifies the name of the C++ class that implements the function.
 host_object_filename specifies the pathname of the host's compiled object
file.
SPU_object_filename specifies the pathname of the SPU's
compiled object file.

Command: ALTER GROUP

Description: Alter properties of a group
Syntax:
ALTER GROUP name [WITH]
[ ROWSETLIMIT integer ]
[ SESSIONTIMEOUT integer ]
[ QUERYTIMEOUT integer ]
[ DEFPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ MAXPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ RESOURCELIMIT resourcePercent ]
[ SYSID gid ]
[ DROP USER username [, ... ] ]
[ [ADD] USER username [, ... ] ]
[ OWNER TO user_name ]
[ RENAME TO new_grp_name ]
[ COLLECT HISTORY [ ON | OFF | DEFAULT ] ]
[ CONCURRENT SESSIONS integer ]
[ ACCESS TIME [ ALL | day,... ]
[ [START time-literal END time-literal,]... ] ]
Command: ALTER HISTORY CONFIGURATION
Description: Alters a new history configuration for the NPS.
Syntax:
ALTER HISTORY CONFIGURATION config_name
[ HISTTYPE [ QUERY | AUDIT | NONE ] ]
[ NPS [ LOCALHOST | hostname ] ]
[ DATABASE dbname ]
[ USER username ]
[ PASSWORD password ]
[ COLLECT [ QUERY | PLAN | TABLE | COLUMN | SERVICE | STATE ],... ]
[ LOADINTERVAL number ]
[ LOADMINTHRESHOLD number ]
[ LOADMAXTHRESHOLD number ]
[ DISKFULLTHRESHOLD number ]
[ STORAGELIMIT number ]
[ LOADRETRY number ]
[ ENABLEHIST [ TRUE | FALSE ] ]
[ ENABLESYSTEM [ TRUE | FALSE ] ]
[ VERSION version ]
[ KEY key_store . key_alias ]
[ INCLUDING [ ALL | SUCCESS | FAILURE ] ]
Command: ALTER KEYSTORE
Description: Changes the password of a keystore.
Syntax:
ALTER KEYSTORE name
PASSWORD old-password new-password

Change the password of a keystore.

Command: ALTER LIBRARY
Description: Alter properties of a User Defined Shared Library
Syntax:
ALTER LIBRARY library_name
OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the library

ALTER LIBRARY library_name

[ AUTOMATIC LOAD | MANUAL LOAD ]
[ NO DEPENDENCIES | DEPENDENCIES deplibs ]
[ EXTERNAL HOST OBJECT 'host_object_filename' ]
[ EXTERNAL SPU OBJECT 'SPU_object_filename' ]
Modify a user defined shared library
Automatic load means that the library will be automatically opened by NPS be
fore any objects that
depend upon it are used. Manual means that a UDA or UDF must do the open via
dlopen. Manual is
only honored for libraries that a UDF or UDA directly depends upon.
deplibs specifies the library dependencies . Can be one or a comma separated
list of library names
NO DEPENDENCIES specifies that there are no dependencies for the library and
can be used to
clear preexisting dependencies.
class_name specifies the name of the C++ class that implements the aggregate
.
host_object_filename specifies the pathname of the host's compiled object
file.
SPU_object_filename specifies the pathname of the SPU's
compiled object file.

Command: ALTER PROCEDURE

Description: Alter properties of a User Defined Procedure
Syntax:
ALTER PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_types)
OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the procedure
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.

ALTER PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_types)

[ RETURNS return_type ]
 [ [ EXECUTE AS OWNER | EXECUTE AS CALLER ] ]
AS procedure_body
Modify a user defined NZPLSQL procedure
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.
return_type is one fully specified argument and type.
Follows same rules as argument_types.
procedure_body specifies the body of the function. It must be enclosed with
either single quotes or BEGIN_PROC and END_PROC.

Command: ALTER SECURITY LEVEL

Description: Alters an existing security level.
Syntax:
ALTER SECURITY LEVEL name
VALUE level
Change the level value. Higher
security level values are more restrictive. You cannot alter a security
level value if you have row secure tables defined.
ALTER SECURITY LEVEL name
RENAME TO new_name
Rename the security level named
name
to new_name.

Command: ALTER SEQUENCE

Description: Alters a user sequence
Syntax:
ALTER SEQUENCE seqname
[ RESTART WITH start value ]
[ INCREMENT BY increment ]
[ NO MINVALUE | MINVALUE minimum value ]
[ NO MAXVALUE | MAXVALUE maximum value ]
[ NO CYCLE | CYCLE ]
[ OWNER TO user_name ]
[ RENAME TO new_seq_name ]
Command: ALTER SESSION
Description: Alter properties of a session
Syntax:
ALTER SESSION session_id SET PRIORITY TO priority
ALTER SESSION SET PRIORITY TO priority
Use this command to change the priority of a session. If the session_id is not
entered,
the current session is used. The priority is one of the following literals (low
, normal,
high or critical).

Command: ALTER SYNONYM

Description: Alter properties of a synonym
Syntax:
ALTER SYNONYM synonym OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the synonym
ALTER SYNONYM synonym RENAME TO new_synonym_name
Rename the synonym

Command: ALTER TABLE

Description: Alter properties of a table
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET DEFAULT value | DROP DEFAULT }
Modify column default
ALTER TABLE table
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO newcolumn
Change attribute name on a table
ALTER TABLE table
MODIFY COLUMN ( column varchar(maxsize) )
Increase the maximum size of a varchar column
ALTER TABLE table SET PRIVILEGES TO table
Copy privileges from another table
ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the table
ALTER TABLE table RENAME TO new_table_name
Rename the table
ALTER TABLE table ADD [ constraint_name ] table_constraint [ constraint_characte
ristics ]
Add a new constraint to a table
constraint_name can be:
{ CONSTRAINT name }
table_constraint can be:
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] )
REFERENCES table [ ( column [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH match_type ]
[ ON UPDATE referential_action ]
 [ ON DELETE referential_action ]
}
match_type can be:
{ FULL | PARTIAL }
referential_action can be:
{ CASCADE | RESTRICT | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT | NO ACTION }
constraint_characteristics can be:
{ [ [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE } |
[ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE }

ALTER TABLE table DROP CONSTRAINT name { CASCADE | RESTRICT }

Drop a constraint defined for a table

Command: ALTER USER

Description: Alter properties of a user
Syntax:
ALTER USER username
[WITH]
[ PASSWORD [ 'string' | NULL ] ]
[ IN GROUP group [, ... ] ]
[ VALID UNTIL 'date' ]
[ ROWSETLIMIT integer ]
[ SESSIONTIMEOUT integer ]
[ QUERYTIMEOUT integer ]
[ DEFPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ MAXPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ IN RESOURCEGROUP resourcegroupname ]
[ RESET ACCOUNT ]
[ OWNER TO user_name ]
[ RENAME TO new_user_name ]
[ SECURITY LABEL '[level] : [category,]... : [cohort,]... ' ]
[ AUDIT CATEGORY [ NONE | 'category,...' ] ]
[ COLLECT HISTORY [ ON | OFF | DEFAULT ] ]
[ CONCURRENT SESSIONS integer ]
[ ACCESS TIME [ ALL | DEFAULT | ( access_time,... ) ]
access_time:
DAY [ ALL | day,... ]
[ START time-literal END time-literal,]... ]
Command: ALTER VIEW
Description: Alter properties of a view
Syntax:
ALTER VIEW view SET PRIVILEGES TO view
Copy privileges from another view
ALTER VIEW view OWNER TO user_name
Change the owner of the view
ALTER VIEW view RENAME TO new_view_name
Rename the view
ALTER VIEW view MATERIALIZE { REFRESH | SUSPEND }
Change the state of a view
ALTER VIEWS ON table MATERIALIZE { REFRESH | SUSPEND }
Change the state of all views associated with a base table

Command: BEGIN
Description: Begins a transaction in chained mode
Syntax:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
Command: CALL
Description: Invoke a procedure
Syntax:
CALL procedure_name(arguments)
Calls the procedure
arguments are a list of constant/literal arguments to the procedure.
The arguments may themselves be results of functions, so long as the procedur
es
only take constant/literal arguments as well.
Is equivalent to EXECUTE procedure_name(args) or SELECT procedure_name(args)

Command: COMMENT
Description: Add comment to an object
Syntax:
COMMENT ON
[
[ DATABASE | SEQUENCE | SYNONYM | TABLE | VIEW | FUNCTION | AGGREGATE | PROCED
URE | LIBRARY ]
object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name|
] IS 'text'
For FUNCTION, PROCEDURE and AGGREGATE, object_name will be of the form name(ar
gs).
Command: COMMIT
Description: Commits the current transaction
Syntax:
COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
Command: CREATE AGGREGATE
Description: Create or replace a User Defined Aggregate
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] AGGREGATE aggregate_name(argument_types)
RETURNS return_type
STATE (state_types)
LANGUAGE CPP
PARAMETER STYLE NPSGENERIC
 [ MAXIMUM MEMORY [ '0' | '100' | '1k' | '10k' | '100k' | '1m' | '10m' ] ]
[ LOGMASK mask ]
[ NO DEPENDENCIES | DEPENDENCIES deplibs ]
[ TYPE ANY | ANALYTIC | GROUPED]
EXTERNAL CLASS NAME 'class_name'
EXTERNAL HOST OBJECT 'host_object_filename'
EXTERNAL SPU OBJECT 'SPU_object_filename'
Create (or replace) a user defined aggregate
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.
return_type is one fully specified argument and type.
Follows same rules as argument_types, except does not support ANY.
state_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
Follows same rules as argument_types, except does not support ANY.
MAXIUM MEMORY specifes expected maximum memory used.
mask specifies the log mask. Can be one or a comma separated list of:
{ DEBUG, TRACE, NONE }
deplibs specifies the library dependencies . Can be one or a comma separated
list of library names
NO DEPENDENCIES specifies that there are no dependencies for the aggregate,
which is the default
if DEPENDENCIES deplibs is omitted.
class_name specifies the name of the C++ class that implements the aggregate
.
host_object_filename specifies the pathname of the host's compiled object
file.
SPU_object_filename specifies the pathname of the SPU's
compiled object file.
Type specifies the context in which the UDA can be called. ANALYTIC means
only for window aggregates, GROUPED means from grouped or grand aggregates
and ANY means both contexts.

Command: CREATE CATEGORY

Description: Creates a new category.
Syntax:
CREATE CATEGORY name
Create a new category named name.

Command: CREATE COHORT

Description: Creates a new cohort.
Syntax:
CREATE COHORT name
[ IN COHORT parent | IN NONE ]
Create a new cohort named name.
If parent is specified, it
must be another existing cohort that will become the named cohort's parent.
If NONE is specified, the cohort has no parent and is the top of a
cohort hierarchy. IN NONE is the default.

Command: CREATE CRYPTO KEY

Description: Creates a new crypto key.
Syntax:
CREATE CRYPTO KEY name
[ TYPE string ]
[ VALUE string ]
[ KEYGEN string ]
[ PASSWORD password ]
Create a new crypto key.

Command: CREATE DATABASE

Description: Creates a new database
Syntax:
CREATE DATABASE name
CREATE DATABASE name
[WITH]
[ DEFAULT CHARACTER SET charset ]
[ DEFAULT CHARACTER SET charset COLLATION collation ]
[ COLLECT HISTORY [ ON | OFF ] ]
Command: CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
Description: Create a new external table
Syntax:
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_name
SAMEAS table_name
USING external_table_options
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_name
( { column_name
type
[ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
} [, ... ]
)
USING external_table_options
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE [table_name] 'filename'
[USING external_table_options]
AS select_clause

where external_table_options can be:

( DATAOBJECT ('filename')
[BOOLSTYLE string] [COMPRESS boolean]
[CRINSTRING boolean] [CTRLCHARS boolean] [DATEDELIM string] [DATESTYLE strin
g]
[DELIMITER string] [ENCODING string] [ESCAPECHAR string] [FILLRECORD boolean
]
 [FORMAT string] [IGNOREZERO boolean] [INCLUDEZEROSECONDS boolean] [LOGDIR st
ring]
[MAXERRORS integer] [MAXROWS integer] [NULLVALUE string] [QUOTEDVALUE string
]
[REMOTESOURCE string] [REQUIREQUOTES boolean] [SKIPROWS bigint] [SOCKETBUFSI
ZE int]
[TIMEDELIM string] [TIMEROUNDNANOS boolean] [TIMESTYLE string] [TRUNCSTRING
boolean]
[Y2BASE integer]
)

and column_constraint can be:

{ NOT NULL | NULL | UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY |
DEFAULT value |
REFERENCES table
[ ( column ) ]
}

Note: The system permits and maintains PRIMARY KEY, DEFAULT, FOREIGN KEY,
UNIQUE, and REFERENCES. The NPS does not support constraint checks
and referential integrity. It is up to the user to ensure constraint
checks and referential integrity.

Command: CREATE FUNCTION

Description: Create or replace a User Defined Function
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION function_name(argument_types)
RETURNS return_type
LANGUAGE CPP
PARAMETER STYLE NPSGENERIC
[ [ DETERMINISTIC | NOT DETERMINISTIC ] ]
[ [ RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | CALLED ON NULL INPUT ] ]
[ MAXIMUM MEMORY [ '0' | '100' | '1k' | '10k' | '100k' | '1m' | '10m' ] ]
[ LOGMASK mask ]
[ NO DEPENDENCIES | DEPENDENCIES deplibs ]
EXTERNAL CLASS NAME 'class_name'
EXTERNAL HOST OBJECT 'host_object_filename'
EXTERNAL SPU OBJECT 'SPU_object_filename'
Create (or replace) a user defined function
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.
return_type is one fully specified argument and type.
Follows same rules as argument_types.
DETERMINISTIC indicates that the UDF is a pure function, one which always
returns the same value given the same argument values and which has no side
effects. The system may consider multiple instances of a deterministic UDF
having identical argument lists to be candidates for common subexpression
elimination
RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT (the default) indicates that the function always
returns null whenever any of its arguments are null. If you specify this
 parameter, the function will not be executed when there are null arguments;
instead a null result is assumed automatically. CALLED ON NULL INPUT indicat
es
that the function will be called normally when some of its arguments are nul
l.
It is then the function creator's responsibility to check for null values if
necessary and respond appropriately.
MAXIUM MEMORY specifes expected maximum memory used.
mask specifies the log mask. Can be one or a comma separated list of:
{ DEBUG, TRACE, NONE }
deplibs specifies the library dependencies . Can be one or a comma separated
list of library names
NO DEPENDENCIES specifies that there are no dependencies for the function, w
hich is the default
if DEPENDENCIES deplibs is omitted.
class_name specifies the name of the C++ class that implements the function.
host_object_filename specifies the pathname of the host's compiled object
file.
SPU_object_filename specifies the pathname of the SPU's
compiled object file.

Command: CREATE GROUP

Description: Creates a new group
Syntax:
CREATE GROUP name [WITH]
[ SYSID gid ]
[ ROWSETLIMIT integer ]
[ SESSIONTIMEOUT integer ]
[ QUERYTIMEOUT integer ]
[ DEFPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ MAXPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ [ADD] USER username [, ...] ]
[ RESOURCELIMIT resourcePercent ] ]
[ COLLECT HISTORY [ ON | OFF | DEFAULT ] ]
[ CONCURRENT SESSIONS integer ]
[ ALLOW CROSS JOIN [ TRUE | FALSE | NULL ] ]
[ ACCESS TIME [ ALL | day,... ]
[ [START time-literal END time-literal,]... ] ]
Command: CREATE HISTORY CONFIGURATION
Description: Creates a new history configuration for the NPS.
Syntax:
CREATE HISTORY CONFIGURATION config_name
HISTTYPE [ QUERY | AUDIT | NONE ]
NPS [ LOCALHOST | hostname ]
DATABASE dbname
USER username
PASSWORD password
COLLECT [ QUERY | PLAN | TABLE | COLUMN | SERVICE | STATE ],...
LOADINTERVAL number
 LOADMINTHRESHOLD number
LOADMAXTHRESHOLD number
DISKFULLTHRESHOLD number
STORAGELIMIT number
LOADRETRY number
ENABLEHIST [ TRUE | FALSE ]
ENABLESYSTEM [ TRUE | FALSE ]
VERSION version
[ KEY key_store . key_alias ]
[ INCLUDING [ ALL | SUCCESS | FAILURE ] ]
Command: CREATE KEYSTORE
Description: Creates a new keystore.
Syntax:
CREATE KEYSTORE name
TYPE [ LOCAL ]
PASSWORD password

Create a new keystore. The only keystore type for this version is LOCAL; a
keystore maintained on the NPS. The password is a password for the keystore
which is used for encryption of the key data in the store.

Command: CREATE LIBRARY

Description: Create or replace a User Defined Shared Library
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] LIBRARY library_name
[ AUTOMATIC LOAD | MANUAL LOAD ]
[ NO DEPENDENCIES | DEPENDENCIES deplibs ]
EXTERNAL HOST OBJECT 'host_object_filename'
EXTERNAL SPU OBJECT 'SPU_object_filename'
Create (or replace) a user defined shared library
Automatic load means that the library will be automatically opened by NPS be
fore any objects that
depend upon it are used. Manual means that a UDA or UDF must do the open via
dlopen. Manual is
only honored for libraries that a UDF or UDA directly depends upon.
deplibs specifies the library dependencies . Can be one or a comma separated
list of library names
NO DEPENDENCIES specifies that there are no dependencies for the library, wh
ich is the default
if DEPENDENCIES deplibs is omitted.
host_object_filename specifies the pathname of the host's compiled object
file.
SPU_object_filename specifies the pathname of the SPU's
compiled object file.

Command: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW

Description: Creates a new materialized view
Syntax:
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW view AS SELECT column [, ...]
FROM table [ ORDER BY column [, ...] ]
Creates a new materialized view.
CREATE OR REPLACE MATERIALIZED VIEW view AS SELECT column [, ...]
FROM table [ ORDER BY column [, ...] ]
Creates a new materialized view or replaces an existing materialized view.

Command: CREATE PROCEDURE

Description: Create or replace a User Defined Procedure
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_types)
RETURNS return_type
LANGUAGE NZPLSQL
[ [ EXECUTE AS OWNER | EXECUTE AS CALLER ] ]
AS procedure_body

Create (or replace) a NZPLSQL user defined procedure

argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.
return_type is one fully specified argument and type.
Follows same rules as argument_types.
procedure_body specifies the body of the procedure. It must be enclosed with
either single quotes or BEGIN_PROC and END_PROC.

Command: CREATE SECURITY LEVEL

Description: Creates a new security level.
Syntax:
CREATE SECURITY LEVEL name
VALUE level
Create a new security level named name.
The name must be unique among security levels. You must provide the
level value. Higher
security level values are more restrictive.

Command: CREATE SEQUENCE

Description: Creates a new user sequence
Syntax:
CREATE SEQUENCE seqname
[ AS datatype ]
[ START WITH start value ]
[ INCREMENT BY increment ]
[ NO MINVALUE | MINVALUE minimum value ]
[ NO MAXVALUE | MAXVALUE maximum value ]
[ NO CYCLE | CYCLE ]
Command: CREATE SYNONYM
Description: Creates a new synonym
Syntax:
CREATE SYNONYM name FOR refname
Command: CREATE TABLE
Description: Creates a new table
Syntax:
CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] TABLE table_name
(
column_name type [ [ constraint_name ] column_constraint [ constraint_charac
teristics ] ] [, ... ]
[ [ constraint_name ] table_constraint [ constraint_characteristics ] ] [, .
.. ]
) [ DISTRIBUTE ON ( column [, ...] ) ] [ ROW SECURITY ]
constraint_name can be:
{ CONSTRAINT name }
column_constraint can be:
{ NOT NULL | NULL | UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY | DEFAULT value |
REFERENCES table [ ( column [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH match_type ]
[ ON UPDATE referential_action ]
[ ON DELETE referential_action ]
}
table_constraint can be:
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] )
REFERENCES table [ ( column [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH match_type ]
[ ON UPDATE referential_action ]
[ ON DELETE referential_action ]
}
match_type can be:
{ FULL | PARTIAL }
referential_action can be:
{ CASCADE | RESTRICT | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT | NO ACTION }
constraint_characteristics can be:
{ [ [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE } |
[ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE }

NOTE: The system permits and maintains UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, DEFAULT, and REFERE
NCES.
The NPS does not support constraint checks and referential integrity. It
is up
to the user to ensure constraint checks and referential integrity.

Command: CREATE TABLE AS

Description: Creates a new table
Syntax:
CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] TABLE table [ (column [, ...] ) ]
AS select_clause [ DISTRIBUTE ON ( column [, ...] ) ]
Command: CREATE USER
Description: Creates a new database user
Syntax:
CREATE USER username
[WITH]
PASSWORD [ 'string' | NULL ]
[ IN GROUP groupname [, ...] ]
[ VALID UNTIL 'date' ]
[ ROWSETLIMIT integer ]
[ SESSIONTIMEOUT integer ]
[ QUERYTIMEOUT integer ]
[ DEFPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ MAXPRIORITY [ CRITICAL | HIGH | NORMAL | LOW | NONE ] ]
[ SYSID uid ]
[ IN RESOURCEGROUP resourcegroupname ] ]
[ SECURITY LABEL '[level] : [category,]... : [cohort,]... ' ]
[ AUDIT CATEGORY [ NONE | 'category,...' ] ]
[ COLLECT HISTORY [ ON | OFF | DEFAULT ] ]
[ CONCURRENT SESSIONS integer ]
[ ALLOW CROSS JOIN [ TRUE | FALSE | NULL ] ]
[ ACCESS TIME [ ALL | DEFAULT | ( access_time,... ) ]
access_time:
DAY [ ALL | day,... ]
[ START time-literal END time-literal,]... ]
Command: CREATE VIEW
Description: Constructs a virtual table
Syntax:
CREATE VIEW view AS SELECT query
Creates a new view.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view AS SELECT query
Creates a new view or replaces an existing view.

Command: DELETE
Description: Removes rows from a table
Syntax:
DELETE FROM table [ WHERE condition ]
Command: DROP AGGREGATE
Description: Drop a User Defined Aggregate
Syntax:
DROP AGGREGATE aggregate_name(argument_types)
Drops the aggregate
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.

Command: DROP CATEGORY

Description: Drops a category.
Syntax:
DROP CATEGORY name
Drop the category named name.
You cannot drop a category if you have row secure tables defined.

Command: DROP COHORT

Description: Drops a cohort.
Syntax:
DROP COHORT name
Drop the cohort named name.
You cannot drop a cohort if you have row secure tables defined.

Command: DROP CONNECTION

Description: Drop a system connection setting
Syntax:
DROP CONNECTION connection_number
Command: DROP CRYPTO KEY
Description: Drops a new crypto key.
Syntax:
DROP CRYPTO KEY name
Drop a crypto key. The key must not be in use.

Command: DROP DATABASE

Description: Removes an existing database
Syntax:
DROP DATABASE name
Command: DROP FUNCTION
Description: Drop a User Defined Function
Syntax:
DROP FUNCTION function_name(argument_types)
Drops the function
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.

Command: DROP GROUP

Description: Removes a group
Syntax:
DROP GROUP name
Command: DROP HISTORY CONFIGURATION
Description: Drops a history configuration.
Syntax:
DROP HISTORY CONFIGURATION name
Drop the history configuration named name.
Command: DROP KEYSTORE
Description: Drop a keystore.
Syntax:
DROP KEYSTORE name
Drop a keystore. The keystore must be empty to be dropped.

Command: DROP LIBRARY

Description: Drop a User Defined Shared Library
Syntax:
DROP LIBRARY library_name
Drops the shared library

Command: DROP PROCEDURE

Description: Drop a User Defined Procedure
Syntax:
DROP PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_types)
Drops the procedure
argument_types is a list of fully specified arguments and types.
All NPS types are supported.
Strings must have either a size or ANY for generic.
NUMERICS must have either precision and scale, or ANY for generic.

Command: DROP SECURITY LEVEL

Description: Drops a security level.
Syntax:
DROP SECURITY LEVEL name
Drop the security level named name.
You cannot drop a security level if you have row secure tables defined.

Command: DROP SEQUENCE

Description: Drop a sequence
Syntax:
DROP SEQUENCE sequence
Drop the sequence

Command: DROP SYNONYM

Description: Drop a synonym
Syntax:
DROP SYNONYM synonym
Drop the synonym

Command: DROP TABLE

Description: Removes existing tables from a database
Syntax:
DROP TABLE name [, ...]
Command: DROP USER
Description: Removes a user
Syntax:
DROP USER name
Command: DROP VIEW
Description: Removes existing views from a database
Syntax:
DROP VIEW name [, ...]
Command: EXECUTE
Description: Invoke a procedure
Syntax:
EXECUTE procedure_name(arguments)
Calls the procedure
arguments are a list of constant/literal arguments to the procedure.
The arguments may themselves be results of functions, so long as the procedur
es
only take constant/literal arguments as well.
Is equivalent to CALL procedure_name(args) or SELECT procedure_name(args)

Command: EXECUTE AS
Description: Change the user identity under which the session is currently opera
ting.
Syntax:
EXECUTE AS user_name(arguments)
Changes the current user of the session to the specified user name.
user_name is the name of a
user on the NPS. You must have EXECUTE AS permission on that user in order
to perform the EXECUTE AS statement.

Command: EXECUTE PROCEDURE

Description: Invoke a procdure
Syntax:
EXECUTE PROCEDURE procdure_name(arguments)
Calls the procdure
arguments are a list of constant/literal arguments to the procdure.
The arguments may themselves be results of functions, so long as the procdure
s
only take constant/literal arguments as well.
Is equivalent to CALL procdure_name(args) or SELECT procdure_name(args)
Command: EXPLAIN
Description: Shows statement execution plan
Syntax:
EXPLAIN [ VERBOSE ] query
Command: EXTRACT
Description: extract subfield from date/time value extract subfield from interva
l value
Syntax:
EXTRACT(identifier from timestamp)
EXTRACT(identifier from interval)
Command: GENERATE STATISTICS
Description: Generates statistics on a database, table, and columns within a tab
le.
Syntax:
GENERATE STATISTICS [ ON table [ ( column_name [, ... ] ) ] ]
GENERATE EXPRESS STATISTICS ON table [ ( column_name [, ... ] ) ]
Command: GRANT
Description: Grants access privilege to a user, a group or all users
Syntax:
GRANT object_privilege [, ...] ON object [, ...]
TO { PUBLIC | GROUP group | username } [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT admin_privilege [, ...]
TO { PUBLIC | GROUP group | username } [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
object_privilege
ALL, ABORT, ALTER, DELETE, DROP, EXECUTE, EXECUTE AS,
GENSTATS, INSERT, LABEL ACCESS, LABEL RESTRICT, LABEL EXPAND,
LIST, SELECT, TRUNCATE, UPDATE
admin_privilege
ALL ADMIN, BACKUP, [ CREATE ] DATABASE, [ CREATE ] GROUP,
[ CREATE ] INDEX, [ CREATE ] SEQUENCE, [ CREATE ] SYNONYM,
[ CREATE ] TABLE, [ CREATE ] EXTERNAL TABLE, [ CREATE ] TEMP TABLE,
[ CREATE ] FUNCTION, [ CREATE ] AGGREGATE, [ CREATE ] USER,
[ CREATE ] VIEW, [ CREATE ] MATERIALIZED VIEW, [CREATE] PROCEDURE,
[ CREATE ] LIBRARY, [ MANAGE ] HARDWARE, [ MANAGE ] SYSTEM, [ MANAGE ] SECUR
ITY, RECLAIM, RESTORE
Command: INSERT
Description: Inserts new rows into a table
Syntax:
INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) | SELECT query }
Command: RESET
Description: Restores run-time parameters to default values
Syntax:
RESET variable
Command: REVERT
Description: Restore the previous user identity under which the session was oper
ating before an EXECUTE AS was performed.
Syntax:
REVERT
Restores the current user of the session to the user that was current at
 the time of the EXECUTE AS statement.

Command: REVOKE
Description: Revokes access privilege from a user, a group or all users.
Syntax:
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ] object_privilege [, ...]
ON object [, ...]
FROM { PUBLIC | GROUP groupname | username }
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ] admin_privilege [, ...]
FROM { PUBLIC | GROUP groupname | username }
object_privilege
ALL, ABORT, ALTER, DELETE, DROP, EXECUTE, EXECUTE AS,
GENSTATS, INSERT, LABEL ACCESS, LABEL RESTRICT, LABEL EXPAND,
LIST, SELECT, TRUNCATE, UPDATE
admin_privilege
ALL ADMIN, BACKUP, [ CREATE ] DATABASE, [ CREATE ] GROUP,
[ CREATE ] INDEX, [ CREATE ] SEQUENCE, [ CREATE ] SYNONYM,
[ CREATE ] TABLE, [ CREATE ] EXTERNAL TABLE, [ CREATE ] TEMP TABLE,
[ CREATE ] FUNCTION, [ CREATE ] AGGREGATE, [ CREATE ] USER,
[ CREATE ] VIEW, [ CREATE ] MATERIALIZED VIEW, [CREATE] PROCEDURE,
[ CREATE ] LIBRARY, [ MANAGE ] HARDWARE, [ MANAGE ] SYSTEM, [ MANAGE ] SECUR
ITY, RECLAIM, RESTORE
Command: ROLLBACK
Description: Aborts the current transaction
Syntax:
ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
Command: SELECT
Description: Retrieve rows from a table or view.
Syntax:
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
* | column [ AS output_name ]| expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT | MINUS [ ALL | DISTINCT ] } select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
where from_item can be:
table_name
[ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias_list ) ] ]
|
( select )
[ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias_list ) ]
|
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item
[ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column_list ) ]
Command: SET
Description: Set run-time parameters
Syntax:
SET variable { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET TIME ZONE { 'timezone' | LOCAL | DEFAULT }
Command: SET AUTHENTICATION
Description: Sets the system authentication method settings
Syntax:
SET AUTHENTICATION { LOCAL | LDAP ldap_settings }
ldap_settings ::= BASE base_string
SERVER server
[ VERSION version_number ]
[ BINDDN bind_string ]
[ BINDPW bind_password ]
[ PORT port ]
[ SCOPE { SUB | ONE | BASE } ]
[ SSL { ON | OFF } ]
[ ATTRNAME attrname_string ]
[ NAMECASE { LOWERCASE | UPPERCASE } ]
Command: SET CONNECTION
Description: Sets the system connection settings
Syntax:
SET CONNECTION { LOCAL | HOST | HOSTSSL | HOSTNOSSL }
DATABASE { db_string | ALL }
[ IPADDR ip addr ]
[ IPMASK ip addr mask ]
Command: SET HISTORY CONFIGURATION
Description: Sets a history configuration.
Syntax:
SET HISTORY CONFIGURATION name
Set the history configuration named name to be the active history
configuration. The new setting will take effect when the NPS system is
stopped and restarted.

Command: SET SESSION

Description: Set the characteristics of the current SQL-transaction
Syntax:
SET SESSION { READ ONLY | READ WRITE }
Command: SET SYSTEM DEFAULT
Description: Set the system default values
Syntax:
SET SYSTEM DEFAULT { SESSIONTIMEOUT | ROWSETLIMIT | QUERYTIMEOUT }
TO { number | UNLIMITED }
SET SYSTEM DEFAULT { DEFPRIORITY | MAXPRIORITY }
TO { low | normal | high | critical }
SET SYSTEM DEFAULT MATERIALIZE [ REFRESH ] THRESHOLD TO percentage
Command: SET TRANSACTION
Description: Set the characteristics of the current SQL-transaction
Syntax:
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL { READ UNCOMMITTED | READ COMMITTED |
REPEATABLE READ | SERIALIZABLE }
Command: SHOW
Description: Shows run-time parameters
Syntax:
SHOW name
Command: SHOW AGGREGATE
Description: Shows information about aggregates
Syntax:
SHOW AGGREGATE [ ALL | ident ] [ VERBOSE ]

Specifying ALL will show all aggregates.

Specifying ident will show all that start with ident.
ALL is the default if neither are specified.
Specifying VERBOSE will display additional fields.

Command: SHOW AUTHENTICATION

Description: Shows the system authentication method settings
Syntax:
SHOW AUTHENTICATION [ ALL ]
Command: SHOW CATEGORY
Description: Shows one or more categories.
Syntax:
SHOW CATEGORY
[ [NAME] name | ALL ]
If ALL is specified, shows all categories. If a
name is specified, shows
that one category.

Command: SHOW COHORT

Description: Shows one or more cohorts or shows a cohort hierarchy.
Syntax:
SHOW COHORT
[ [NAME] name | ALL ]
[ HIERARCHY ]
If ALL is specified, shows all cohorts. If a
name is specified, shows
that one cohort.
If HIERARCHY is specified, a pretty printing of the cohort hierarchy is
displayed. In that case, if name is specified, it must be a
top-level cohort; that is, it must not have any parent cohort.

Command: SHOW CONNECTION

Description: Shows the system connection settings
Syntax:
SHOW CONNECTION
Command: SHOW CRYPTO KEY
Description: Show details of one or more crypto keys.
Syntax:
SHOW CRYPTO KEY [ keystore | ALL ] . [ keyalias | ALL ]
If ALL is specified for the keystore, shows keys from all keystores.
Otherwise, shows keys from keystore.
If ALL is specified for the key alias, details of all keys from the
 keystore(s) are shown. Otherwise, the single keyalias is shown.

Command: SHOW FUNCTION

Description: Shows information about functions
Syntax:
SHOW FUNCTION [ ALL | ident ] [ VERBOSE ]

Specifying ALL will show all functions.

Specifying ident will show all that start with ident.
ALL is the default if neither are specified.
Specifying VERBOSE will display additional fields.

Command: SHOW HISTORY CONFIGURATION

Description: Shows one or more history configurations.
Syntax:
SHOW HISTORY CONFIGURATION [ name | ALL ]
If ALL is specified, shows all history configurations. If a
name is specified, shows
that one history configuration.

Command: SHOW KEYSTORE

Description: Show attributes of one or more keystores.
Syntax:
SHOW KEYSTORE [ name | ALL ] [ VERBOSE ]
If ALL is specified for the keystore, shows attributes of all keystores.
Otherwise, shows attributes of keystore.
If VERBOSE is specified, lists all keys in the keystore(s).

Command: SHOW LIBRARY

Description: Shows information about libraries
Syntax:
SHOW LIBRARY [ ALL | ident ] [ VERBOSE ]

Specifying ALL will show all libraries.

Specifying ident will show all that start with ident.
ALL is the default if neither are specified.
Specifying VERBOSE will display additional fields.

Command: SHOW PROCEDURE

Description: Shows information about procedures
Syntax:
SHOW PROCEDURE [ ALL | ident ] [ VERBOSE ]

Specifying ALL will show all procedures.

Specifying ident will show all that start with ident.
ALL is the default if neither are specified.
Specifying VERBOSE will display additional fields.

Command: SHOW SECURITY LEVEL

Description: Shows one or more security levels.
Syntax:
SHOW SECURITY LEVEL
[ [NAME] name | ALL ]
If ALL is specified, shows all security levels. If a
name is specified, shows
that one security level.

Command: SHOW SYSTEM DEFAULT

Description: Shows system defaults values
Syntax:
SHOW SYSTEM DEFAULT { SESSIONTIMEOUT | ROWSETLIMIT | QUERYTIMEOUT |
DEFPRIORITY | MAXPRIORITY }
SHOW SYSTEM DEFAULT MATERIALIZE [ REFRESH ] THRESHOLD
Command: TRUNCATE
Description: Empty a table
Syntax:
TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] name
Command: UPDATE
Description: Replaces values of columns in a table
Syntax:
UPDATE table SET col = expression [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition ]
Command: USER
Description: Returns the current user name
Syntax:
USER

///////////// NZSQL options ////////////////

[meka@NZ101-H1 ~]$ nzsql -?
This is nzsql, the Netezza SQL interactive terminal.
Usage:
nzsql [options] [security options] [dbname [username] [password]]
Security Options:
-securityLevel Security Level you wish to request (default: preferredUnSecure
d)
-caCertFile ROOT CA certificate file (default: NULL)
Options:
-a Echo all input from script
-A Unaligned table output mode (-P format=unaligned)
-c <query> Run only single query (or slash command) and exit
-d <dbname> Specify database name to connect to (default: system)
 -D <dbname> Specify database name to connect to (default: system)
-e Echo queries sent to backend
-E Display queries that internal commands generate
-f <filename> Execute queries from file, then exit
-F <string> Set field separator (default: "|") (-P fieldsep=)
-host <host> Specify database server host (default: domain socket)
-H HTML table output mode (-P format=html)
-l List available databases, then exit
-n Disable readline
-o <filename> Send query output to filename (or |pipe)
-port <port> Specify database server port (default: hardwired)
-P var[=arg] Set printing option 'var' to 'arg' (see \pset command)
-q Run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-R <string> Set record separator (default: newline) (-P recordsep=)
-Rev Show version information and exit
-rev Show version information and exit
-s Single step mode (confirm each query)
-S Single line mode (newline terminates query)
-t Print rows only (-P tuples_only)
-time Print time taken by queries
-T text Set HTML table tag options (width, border) (-P tableattr=)
-u <username> Specify database username (default: smeka591)
-U <username> Specify database username (default: smeka591)
-v name=val Set nzsql variable 'name' to 'value'
-V Show version information and exit
-W <password> Specify the database user password
-pw <password> Specify the database user password
-x Turn on expanded table output (-P expanded)
-X Do not read startup file (~/.nzsqlrc)
-h or -? Display this help
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help"
(for SQL commands) from within nzsql.

////////// NZSQL \? output: Note that lots of internal \ (slash) commands have a
corresponding nzsql - (dash) options at command line ///////////////////

\a toggle between unaligned and aligned mode

\act show current active sessions
\c[onnect] [dbname [user] [password]]
connect to new database (currently 'SYSTEM')
\C <title> table title
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client machine
\d <table> describe table (or view, index, sequence, synonym)
\d{t|v|i|s|e|x} list tables/views/indices/sequences/temp tables/external tables
\d{m|y} list materialized views/synonyms
\dS{t|v|i|s} list system tables/views/indexes/sequences
\dM{t|v|i|s} list system management tables/views/indexes/sequences
\dp <name> list user permissions
\dpu <name> list permissions granted to a user
\dpg <name> list permissions granted to a group
\dgp <name> list grant permissions for a user
\dgpu <name> list grant permissions granted to a user
\dgpg <name> list grant permissions granted to a group
\d{u|U} list users/User Groups
\d{g|G|Gr} list groups/Group Users/Resource Group Users
\da[+] [name] list aggregates, + for additional fields
\dd [object] list comment for object
 \df[+] [name] list functions, + for additional fields
\dl[+] [name] list libraries, + for additional fields
\do list operators
\dT list data types
\e [file] edit the current query buffer or [file] with external editor
\echo <text> write text to stdout
\f <sep> change field separator
\g [file] send query to backend (and results in [file] or |pipe)
\h [cmd] help on syntax of sql commands, * for all commands
\H toggle HTML mode (currently off)
\i <file> read and execute queries from <file>
\l list all databases
\o [file] send all query results to [file], or |pipe
\p show the content of the current query buffer
\pset <opt> set table output <opt> = {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|
null|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager}
\q quit nzsql
\qecho <text> write text to query output stream (see \o)
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [file] print history or save it in [file]
\set <var> <value> set internal variable
\t show only rows (currently off)
\time print time taken by queries
\T <tags> HTML table tags
\unset <var> unset (delete) internal variable
\w <file> write current query buffer to a <file>
\x toggle expanded output (currently off)
\! [cmd] shell escape or command
///////// A few useful commands at NZSQL, after logging in /////////
\d TABLENAME Shows table fields
\dt Shows all tables in that database
\du Shows list of all users in that database
\dU List of users and their corresponding groups
\dg List of groups
\dG List of groups and their corresponding members
\l Lists all databases
\! To escape to shell or OS command, similar to Oracle
\e To edit using editor; if default is vi, allows vi operat
ions on that file