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    Unit 11 Making and Identifying Salts: Summary Questions

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    Lei Yin
    The document provides information about making and identifying salts including methods for precipitation reactions and acid-base titrations to form and identify different salts. Specific techniques are described such as filtering, washing, drying precipitates and using indicators to determine the endpoint in titrations. Common reactions of salts like carbonates and metals like calcium with acids are also outlined.

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    Unit 11 Making and Identifying Salts: Summary Questions

    Uploaded by

    Lei Yin
    73 views3 pages
    The document provides information about making and identifying salts including methods for precipitation reactions and acid-base titrations to form and identify different salts. Specific techniques are described such as filtering, washing, drying precipitates and using indicators to determine the endpoint in titrations. Common reactions of salts like carbonates and metals like calcium with acids are also outlined.

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    Ess-Chem-Unit-11-Answers

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    The document provides information about making and identifying salts including methods for precipitation reactions and acid-base titrations to form and identify different salts. Specific techniques are described such as filtering, washing, drying precipitates and using indicators to determine the endpoint in titrations. Common reactions of salts like carbonates and metals like calcium with acids are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    73 views3 pages

    Unit 11 Making and Identifying Salts: Summary Questions

    Uploaded by

    Lei Yin
    The document provides information about making and identifying salts including methods for precipitation reactions and acid-base titrations to form and identify different salts. Specific techniques are described such as filtering, washing, drying precipitates and using indicators to determine the endpoint in titrations. Common reactions of salts like carbonates and metals like calcium with acids are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

    Unit 11 Making and identifying


    salts
    SUMMARY QUESTIONS:
    1 Iron(II) ions – sodium hydroxide
    Iodide ions – silver nitrate
    Sulfate ions – acidified barium nitrate
    Carbon dioxide – limewater
    Nitrate – heat with aluminium powder + sodium hydroxide
    2 Salt; excess; sulfuric; filtered; filtrate; evaporating; water; crystallise
    3 (a) Oxygen tested with a glowing splint, Hydrogen tested with a lighted splint
    (b) Oxygen relights the glowing splint, Hydrogen pops / gives a small explosion
    4 Put a known volume of sodium hydroxide into a flask and hydrochloric acid into a burette
    ↓
    Put a few drops of acid base indicator solution into the flask
    ↓
    Drip the hydrochloric acid from the burette into the flask until the indicator changes colour
    ↓
    Note the volume of hydrochloric acid added
    ↓
    Repeat the experiment without the indicator by adding the volume of hydrochloric acid
    recorded previously
    ↓
    Take the solution in the flask, put it in an evaporating basin and evaporate off some
    of the water
    ↓
    Leave the solution to crystallise in a warm place
    ↓
    Filter off the crystals and dry them on filter paper
    5 Any three of:
    Calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid (titration method – neither reagent in excess)
    Calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid (calcium oxide in excess so filtered off)
    Calcium + hydrochloric acid (calcium in excess so filtered off) – this method is not as good
    because of the violent reaction of calcium with the acid
    Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid (calcium carbonate in excess so filtered off)
    6 (a) Insoluble
    (b) Soluble
    (c) Insoluble
    (d) Soluble

    © OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute
    E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

    (e) Insoluble
    (f) Soluble
    (g) Soluble
    (h) Insoluble
    7 (a) Method (ii) – precipitation
    (b) Method (i) – titration
    (c) Method (ii) – precipitation
    (d) Method (iii) – adding an insoluble metal or metal compound to an acid

    PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
    1 B Iron(III) ions
    2 D Titration
    3 B Lithium
    4 (a) Evaporate off some of the water / leave in warm place to crystallise. Filter off crystals / pick
    out crystals; wash crystals with minimum amount of water; dry crystals on filter paper /
    leave to dry / allow to warm in oven below 100 °C.
    (b) To make sure that all the acid had reacted.
    (c) (i) (Acidify with nitric acid) add (aqueous) barium chloride / nitrate
    (ii) White precipitate
    5 (a) Turns its red
    (b) Bubble through limewater; limewater turns cloudy / white precipitate.
    (c) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide; white precipitate; insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide.
    (d) Calcium carbonate; carbonates give off carbon dioxide with acids; M is an acid because it
    turns blue litmus red.
    6 (a) Hydrochloric acid
    (b) Burette (with acid); flask (with alkali) under the burette; indicator in flask.
    (c) Drip acid into flask (containing known volume of alkali) until indicator in flask changes
    colour; record initial and final volume of acid added / record volume of acid delivered.
    (d) Repeat titration without indicator, adding the same amount of acid as before; put solution
    from flask in evaporating basin and evaporate of some of the water / leave in warm place
    to crystallise; filter off crystals / pick out crystals.
    (e) Make a solution of the crystals / dissolve crystals in dilute nitric acid; add aqueous silver
    nitrate; white precipitate indicates presence of Cl− ions.
    7 (a) Lead nitrate / any soluble lead salt; potassium iodide / any soluble iodide.
    (b) Pb2+(aq) + 2I−(aq) → PbI2(s)
    (c) Add the solutions containing lead ions and iodide ions; filter the precipitate; wash
    precipitate with water; dry the precipitate below 100 °C in an oven / allow the water to
    evaporate.
    (d) Partly solubilise precipitate in nitric acid; add aqueous silver nitrate; light yellow precipitate
    indicates presence of I− ions. ALLOW: references to making saturated lead iodide solution
    (since silver iodide is much less soluble than lead iodide).
    (e) (i) Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → BaSO4(s)
    (ii) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and aluminium / Devarda’s alloy; heat gently and test
    gas with (damp) red litmus paper; litmus paper turns blue.

    © OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute
    E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

    8 (a) (i) Iron(II) salts give grey–green / green precipitate; iron(III) salts give a red–brown
    precipitate.
    (ii) Ammonia is an alkali; forms hydroxide ions in water.
    (b) (i) Iron(II) ions have been oxidised by oxygen in the air / reacted with the oxygen in the air
    to iron(III) ions.
    (ii) Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e−
    (c) Add silver nitrate to each of the solutions; iron(II) chloride will give a white precipitate;
    iron(II) sulfate will give no precipitate OR add acidified barium chloride to the solutions;
    iron(II) chloride will not change; iron(II) sulfate will produce a white precipitate.
    (d) (i) React excess iron with sulfuric acid; filter off the iron; put the filtrate in an evaporating
    basin; evaporate some of the water from the filtrate and leave to crystallise / leave
    filtrate in warm place to crystallise.
    (ii) Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + H2(g)

    © OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute

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