Complex Trusses Complex Trusses: S S' + Xs

8/23/2018
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses 3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
 COMPLEX TRUSSES  COMPLEX TRUSSES
Procedure for Analysis Procedure for Analysis
With reference to the truss in the figure below, the following steps are Reduction to Stable Simple Truss
necessary to solve for the member forces using the substitute-member
method. Analyze the truss using method of joints. If a joint is reached where
there are three unknowns, remove one of the members at the joint and
replace it by an imaginary member elsewhere in the truss. By doing
this, reconstruct the truss to be a stable simple truss.
The new truss can now be analyzed by the method of joints for the two
types of loading that follow.
CIEN 3144 STRUCTURAL THEORY 1 CIEN 3144 STRUCTURAL THEORY 1
Reduction to Stable Simple Truss External Loading on Simple Truss
Load the simple truss with the actual loading P, then determine the
force S’i in each member i.
Remove External Loading from Simple Truss
Consider the simple truss without the external load P. Place equal but
oppositely collinear unit loads on the truss at the two joints from which
the member was removed.
Remove External Loading from Simple Truss Remove External Loading from Simple Truss
If these forces develop a force si in the ith truss member, then by

proportion, an unknown force x in the removed member would exert a
force xsi in the ith member.
Superposition
If the effects of the two loadings are combined, the force in the ith
member of the truss will be
Si = S’i + xsi <--- (1)
1
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Procedure for Analysis SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 8
Superposition Determine the force in each member of the complex truss shown in the
figure. Assume joints B, F, and D are on the same horizontal line. State
In particular, for the substituted member EC in the previous figure, the whether the members are in tension or compression.
force SEC = S’EC + xsEC . Since member EC does not actually exist on the C
original truss, we will choose x to have a magnitude such that it yields 20 kN
zero force in EC. Hence,
1.2m
B 45° F 45° D
S’EC + xsEC = 0 <--- (2)
0.9m
A
or x = S’EC /sEC . Once the value of x has been determined, the force in E
other members i of the complex truss can be determined from Eq. (1).
2.4m
 COMPLEX TRUSSES  SPACE TRUSSES
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 8 Space Truss
• consists of members joined together at their ends to form a stable

C three-dimensional structure
20 kN
1.2m
45° F 45°
B D
0.9m
A
E
2.4m
 SPACE TRUSSES  SPACE TRUSSES
Determinacy and Stability Assumptions for Design
To get the determinacy and stability of the truss, the following formula The members of a space truss may be treated as axial-force members
shall be used, provided the external loading is applied at the joints and the joints
consists of ball-and-socket connections.
b + r < 3j, unstable truss

b + r = 3j, statically determinate – check stability
b + r > 3j, statically indeterminate – check stability
where:
b = number of bars or members of the truss
r = number of external support reactions
j = number of joints of truss
2
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x, y, z, Force Components Procedure for Analysis
Since the analysis of a space truss is three-dimensional, it will often be • METHOD OF SECTIONS. If only a few member forces are to be
necessary to resolve the force F in a member into components acting determined. When passing an imaginary plane section, not more than
along the x, y, z axes. six unknown members should be cut.
• METHOD OF JOINTS. If the forces in all the members of the truss are
d = x2 + y2 + z2 to be determined. In selecting a joint for analysis, choose a joint on
which not more than three unknown members are acting.
Fx = F ( dx ) Fy = F ( dy ) Fz = F ( dz )
F = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 9 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 9
Determine the force in each member of the space truss shown in the C
y
figure. The truss is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A, a slotted
roller joint at B, and a cable at C. State whether the members are in
B
tension or compression.
D
4m
Ey = 4 kN
A 2m
E
2m
z 4m
x

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8/23/2018

3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses 3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses