Chapter 2 – You, the Teacher in the Classroom and in the Community

Lesson 1 – The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST)

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the lessons, the students are expected to:

1. Explain the competencies, as contained in the PPST, that each teacher must possess in
order to function efficiently and effectively in the classroom and in the community.

2. Examine the responsiveness of the present teacher education curriculum to the needs of
the teacher as she performs her role in the classroom and in the community.

Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST)

By Mark Anthony Llego Last updated Apr 14, 2018
August 11, 2017
DepEd Order No. 42, s. 2017
NATIONAL ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PHILIPPINE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS
FOR TEACHERS
To:
Undersecretaries
Assistant Secretaries
Bureau and Service Directors
Regional Directors
Schools Division Superintendents
Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Schools Heads
All Others Concerned
1. In line with the new professional standards for teachers, the Department of Education
(DepEd), through the Teacher Education Council (TEC), issues this DepEd Order entitled
National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers
(PPST).
2. The DepEd recognizes the importance of professional standards in the continuing
professional development and advancement of teachers based on the principle of lifelong
learning. It is committed to supporting teachers, and taking cognizance of unequivocal evidence
that good teachers are vital to raising student achievement. Quality learning is contingent upon
quality teaching. Hence, enhancing teacher quality becomes of utmost importance for long
term and sustainable nation building.
3. The changes brought about by various national and global frameworks such as the K to 12
Reform, ASEAN Integration, globalization, and the changing character of the 21st century
learners necessitate the improvements and call for the rethinking of the National Competency-
Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS); hence, the development of the PPST.
4. The PPST aims to:
a. set out clear expectations of teachers along well-defined career stages of professional
development from beginning to distinguished practice;
b. engage teachers to actively embrace a continuing effort in attaining proficiency; and
c. apply a uniform measure to assess teacher performance, identify needs, and provide support
for professional development.
5. The PPST shall be used as a basis for all learning and development programs for teachers to
ensure that teachers are properly equipped to effectively implement the K to 12 Program. It can
also be used for the selection and promotion of teachers. All performance appraisals for
teachers shall be based on this set of standards.
6. The regional offices shall be supported by their training and development personnel to
organize and orient all the schools divisions within their jurisdiction for the PPST. In addition, it
shall take charge of the monitoring and evaluation at the division level implementation. The
schools division office shall have the same functions and responsibilities in the school districts
and secondary schools.
7. Reporting of the orientation and related activities shall be done by the regional office to the
Office of the Secretary through the Teacher Education Council.
8. Immediate dissemination of and strict compliance with this Order is directed.
LEONOR MAGTOLIS BRIONES
Secretary

INTRODUCTION
Role of teachers
Teachers play a crucial role in nation building. Through quality teachers, the Philippines can
develop holistic learners who are steeped in values, equipped with 21st century skills, and able
to propel the country to development and progress. This is in consonance with the Department
of Education vision of producing: “Filipinos who passionately love their country and whose
values and competencies enable them to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully
to building the nation” (DepED Order No. 36, s. 2013).
Evidences show unequivocally that good teachers are vital to raising student achievement, i.e.,
quality learning is contingent upon quality teaching. Hence, enhancing teacher quality becomes
of utmost importance for long-term and sustainable nation building.
The changes brought about by various national and global frameworks such as the K to 12
Reform and the ASEAN integration, globalization, and the changing character of the 21st
century learners necessitate improvement and adaptability of education, and a call for the
rethinking of the current teacher standards.
Professional standards for teachers
The Philippine Government has consistently pursued teacher quality reforms through a number
of initiatives. As a framework of teacher quality, the National Competency-Based Teacher
Standards (NCBTS) was institutionalized through CHED Memorandum Order No. 52, s. 2007 and
DepED Order No. 32, s. 2009. It emerged as part of the implementation of the Basic Education
Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA), and was facilitated by drawing on the learning considerations
of programs, such as the Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao (BEAM), the Strengthening
Implementation of Visayas Education (STRIVE) project and the Third Elementary Education
Project (TEEP).
The K to 12 Reform (R.A. 10533) in 2013 has changed the landscape of teacher quality
requirements in the Philippines. The reform process warrants an equivalent supportive focus on
teacher quality – high quality teachers who are properly equipped and prepared to assume the
roles and functions of a K to 12 Teacher.
The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, which is built on NCBTS, complements the
reform initiatives on teacher quality from pre-service education to in-service training. It
articulates what constitutes teacher quality in the K to 12 Reform through well-defined
domains, strands, and indicators that provide measures of professional learning, competent
practice, and effective engagement. This set of standards makes explicit what teachers should
know, be able to do and value to achieve competence, improved student learning outcomes,
and eventually quality education. It is founded on teaching philosophies of learner-
centeredness, lifelong learning, and inclusivity/inclusiveness, among others. The professional
standards, therefore, become a public statement of professional accountability that can help
teachers reflect on and assess their own practices as they aspire for personal growth and
professional development.
Teacher quality in the Philippines
The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers defines teacher quality in the Philippines.
The standards describe the expectations of teachers’ increasing levels of knowledge, practice
and professional engagement. At the same time, the standards allow for teachers’ growing
understanding, applied with increasing sophistication across a broader and more complex range
of teaching/learning situations.
The following describes the breadth of 7 Domains that are required by teachers to be effective
in the 21st Century in the Philippines. Quality teachers in the Philippines need to possess the
following characteristics:
 recognize the importance of mastery of content knowledge and its interconnectedness
within and across curriculum areas, coupled with a sound and critical understanding of
the application of theories and principles of teaching and learning. They apply
developmentally appropriate and meaningful pedagogy grounded on content
knowledge and current research. They display proficiency in Mother Tongue, Filipino
and English to facilitate the teaching and learning process, as well as exhibit the needed
skills in the use of communication strategies, teaching strategies and technologies to
promote high-quality learning outcomes.
 provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in order to
promote learner responsibility and achievement. They create an environment that is
learning-focused and they efficiently manage learner behavior in a physical and virtual
space. They utilize a range of resources and provide intellectually challenging and
stimulating activities to encourage constructive classroom interactions geared towards
the attainment of high standards of learning.
  establish learning environments that are responsive to learner diversity. They respect
learners’ diverse characteristics and experiences as inputs to the planning and design of
learning opportunities. They encourage the celebration of diversity in the classroom and
the need for teaching practices that are differentiated to encourage all learners to be
successful citizens in a changing local and global environment.
 interact with the national and local curriculum requirements. They translate curriculum
content into learning activities that are relevant to learners and based on the principles
of effective teaching and learning. They apply their professional knowledge to plan and
design, individually or in collaboration with colleagues, well-structured and sequenced
lessons that are contextually relevant, responsive to learners’ needs and incorporate a
range of teaching and learning resources. They communicate learning goals to support
learner participation, understanding and achievement.
 apply a variety of assessment tools and strategies in monitoring, evaluating,
documenting and reporting learners’ needs, progress and achievement. They use
assessment data in a variety of ways to inform and enhance the teaching and learning
process and programs. They provide learners with the necessary feedback about
learning outcomes that informs the reporting cycle and enables teachers to select,
organize and use sound assessment processes.
 establish school-community partnerships aimed at enriching the learning environment,
as well as the community’s engagement in the educative process. They identify and
respond to opportunities that link teaching and learning in the classroom to the
experiences, interests and aspirations of the wider school community and other key
stakeholders. They understand and fulfill their obligations in upholding professional
ethics, accountability and transparency to promote professional and harmonious
relationships with learners, parents, schools and the wider community.
 value personal growth and professional development and exhibit high personal regard
for the profession by maintaining qualities that uphold the dignity of teaching such as
caring attitude, respect and integrity. They value personal and professional reflection
and learning to improve their practice. They assume responsibility for personal growth
and professional development for lifelong learning.
The 7 Domains collectively comprise 37 strands that refer to more specific dimensions of
teacher practices.
Domain 1, Content Knowledge and Pedagogy, is composed of seven strands:
1. Content knowledge and its application within and across curriculum areas
2. Research-based knowledge and principles of teaching and learning
3. Positive use of ICT
4. Strategies for promoting literacy and numeracy
5. Strategies for developing critical and creative thinking, as well as other higher-order
thinking skills
6. Mother Tongue, Filipino and English in teaching and learning
7. Classroom communication strategies
Domain 2, Learning Environment, consists of six strands:
1. Learner safety and security
2. Fair learning environment
 3. Management of classroom structure and activities
4. Support for learner participation
5. Promotion of purposive learning
6. Management of learner behavior
Domain 3, Diversity of Learners, consists of five strands:
1. Learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests and experiences
2. Learners’ linguistic, cultural, socio-economic and religious backgrounds
3. Learners with disabilities, giftedness and talents
4. Learners in difficult circumstances
5. Learners from indigenous groups
Domain 4, Curriculum and Planning, includes five strands:
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1. Planning and management of teaching and learning process
2. Learning outcomes aligned with learning competencies
3. Relevance and responsiveness of learning programs
4. Professional collaboration to enrich teaching practice
5. Teaching and learning resources including ICT
Domain 5, Assessment and Reporting, is composed of five strands:
1. Design, selection, organization and utilization of assessment strategies
2. Monitoring and evaluation of learner progress and achievement
3. Feedback to improve learning
4. Communication of learner needs, progress and achievement to key stakeholders
5. Use of assessment data to enhance teaching and learning practices and programs
Domain 6, Community Linkages and Professional Engagement, consists of four strands:
1. Establishment of learning environments that are responsive to community contexts
2. Engagement of parents and the wider school community in the educative process
3. Professional ethics
4. School policies and procedures
Domain 7, Personal Growth and Professional Development, contains five strands:
1. Philosophy of teaching
2. Dignity of teaching as a profession
3. Professional links with colleagues
 4. Professional reflection and learning to improve practice
5. Professional development goals
Career stages
Teacher professional development happens in a continuum from beginning to exemplary
practice. Anchored on the principle of lifelong learning, the set of professional standards for
teachers recognizes the significance of a standards framework that articulates developmental
progression as teachers develop, refine their practice and respond to the complexities of
educational reforms.
The following statements, which define the work of teachers at different career stages, make
explicit the elements of high-quality teaching for the 21st century. They comprise descriptors
that have been informed by teachers’ understandings of what is required at each of the four
Career Stages. The descriptors represent a continuum of development within the profession by
providing a basis for attracting, preparing, developing and supporting teachers.
Career Stage 1 or Beginning Teachers have gained the qualifications recognized for entry into
the teaching profession. They have a strong understanding of the subjects/areas in which they
are trained in terms of content knowledge and pedagogy. They possess the requisite
knowledge, skills and values that support the teaching and learning process. They manage
learning programs and have strategies that promote learning based on the learning needs of
their students. They seek advice from experienced colleagues to consolidate their teaching
practice.
Career Stage 2 or Proficient Teachers are professionally independent in the application of skills
vital to the teaching and learning process. They provide focused teaching programs that meet
curriculum and assessment requirements. They display skills in planning, implementing, and
managing learning programs. They actively engage in collaborative learning with the
professional community and other stakeholders for mutual growth and advancement. They are
reflective practitioners who continually consolidate the knowledge, skills and practices of
Career Stage 1 teachers.
Career Stage 3 or Highly Proficient Teachers consistently display a high level of performance in
their teaching practice. They manifest an in-depth and sophisticated understanding of the
teaching and learning process. They have high education-focused situation cognition, are more
adept in problem solving and optimize opportunities gained from experience. Career Stage 3
Teachers work collaboratively with colleagues and provide them support and mentoring to
enhance their learning and practice. They continually seek to develop their professional
knowledge and practice by reflecting on their own needs, and those of their colleagues and
students.
Career Stage 4 or Distinguished Teachers embody the highest standard for teaching grounded
in global best practices. They exhibit exceptional capacity to improve their own teaching
practice and that of others. They are recognized as leaders in education, contributors to the
profession and initiators of collaborations and partnerships. They create lifelong impact in the
lives of colleagues, students and others. They consistently seek professional advancement and
relevance in pursuit of teaching quality and excellence. They exhibit commitment to inspire the
education community and stakeholders for the improvement of education provision in the
Philippines.
Domains/ Strands/ Indicators for Different Career Stages
 Domain 1. Content Knowledge and Pedagogy
Domain 1 recognizes the importance of teachers’ mastery of content knowledge and its
interconnectedness within and across curriculum areas, coupled with a sound and critical
understanding of the application of theories and principles of teaching and learning. This
Domain encompasses teachers’ ability to apply developmentally appropriate and meaningful
pedagogy grounded on content knowledge and current research. It takes into account teachers’
proficiency in Mother Tongue, Filipino and English in the teaching and learning process, as well
as needed skills in the use of communication strategies, teaching strategies, and technologies
to promote high-quality learning outcomes.
Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 1.1 1.1.1 Demonstrate 1.1.2 Apply 1.1.3 Model 1.1.4 Model
Content content knowledge of effective exemplary practice
knowledge and knowledge and its content within applications of to improve the
its application application within and across content knowledge applications of
within and and/or across curriculum within and across content knowledge
across curriculum teaching areas. curriculum within and across
curriculum areas teaching areas. teaching areas. curriculum teaching
areas.

Strand 1.2 1.2.1 Demonstrate 1.2.2 Use 1.2.3 Collaborate 1.2.4 Lead
Research-based an understanding research-based with colleagues in colleagues in the
knowledge and of research-based knowledge and the conduct and advancement of the
principles of knowledge and principles of application of art and science of
teaching and principles of teaching and research to enrich teaching based on
learning teaching and learning to knowledge of their
learning. enhance content and comprehensive
professional pedagogy. knowledge of
practice. research and
pedagogy.

Strand 1.3 1.3.1 Show skills in 1.3.2 Ensure the 1.3.3 Promote 1.3.4 Mentor
Positive use of the positive use of positive use of ICT effective strategies colleagues in the
ICT ICT to facilitate the to facilitate the in the positive use implementation of
teaching and teaching and of ICT to facilitate policies to ensure
learning process. learning process. the teaching and the positive use of
learning process. ICT within or
beyond the school.

Strand 1.4 1.4.1 Demonstrate 1.4.2 Use a range 1.4.3 Evaluate with 1.4.4 Model a
Strategies for knowledge of of teaching colleagues the comprehensive
promoting teaching strategies strategies that effectiveness of selection of
literacy and that promote enhance learner teaching strategies effective teaching
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

numeracy literacy and achievement in that promote strategies that

numeracy skills. literacy and learner promote learner
numeracy skills. achievement in achievement in
literacy and literacy and
numeracy. numeracy.

Strand 1.5 1.5.1 Apply 1.5.2 Apply a 1.5.3 Develop and 1.5.4 Lead
Strategies for teaching strategies range of teaching apply effective colleagues in
developing that develop strategies to teaching strategies reviewing,
critical and critical and develop critical to promote critical modifying and
creative creative thinking, and creative and creative expanding their
thinking, as well and/or other thinking, as well thinking, as well as range of teaching
as other higher- higher-order as other higher- other higher-order strategies that
order thinking thinking skills. order thinking thinking skills. promote critical and
skills skills. creative thinking, as
well as other
higher-order
thinking skills.

Strand 1.6 1.6.1 Use Mother 1.6.2 Display 1.6.3 Model and 1.6.4 Show
Mother Tongue, Tongue, Filipino proficient use of support colleagues exemplary skills in
Filipino and and English to Mother Tongue, in the proficient and advocate the
English in facilitate teaching Filipino and use of Mother use of Mother
teaching and and learning. English to Tongue, Filipino Tongue, Filipino and
learning facilitate teaching and English to English in teaching
and learning. improve teaching and learning to
and learning, as facilitate the
well as to develop learners' language,
the learners' pride cognitive and
of their language, academic
heritage and development and to
culture. foster pride of their
language, heritage
and culture.

Strand 1.7 1.7.1 Demonstrate 1.7.2 Use 1.7.3 Display a 1.7.4 Exhibit
Classroom an understanding effective verbal wide range of exemplary practice
communication of the range of and non-verbal effective verbal in the use of
strategies verbal and non- classroom and non-verbal effective verbal and
verbal classroom communication classroom non-verbal
communication strategies to communication classroom
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

strategies that support learner strategies to communication

support learner understanding, support learner strategies to
understanding, participation, understanding, support learner
participation, engagement and participation, understanding,
engagement and achievement. engagement and participation,
achievement. achievement. engagement and
achievement in
different learning
contexts.
Domain 2. Learning Environment
Domain 2 highlights the role of teachers to provide learning environments that are safe, secure,
fair and supportive in order to promote learner responsibility and achievement. This Domain
centers on creating an environment that is learning-focused and in which teachers efficiently
manage learner behavior in a physical and virtual space. It highlights the need for teachers to
utilize a range of resources and provide intellectually challenging and stimulating activities to
encourage constructive classroom interactions geared towards the attainment of high
standards of learning.
Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 Establish 2.1.3 Exhibit 2.1.4 Apply

Learner Demonstrate safe and secure effective strategies comprehensive
safety and knowledge of learning that ensure safe knowledge of and act
security policies, environments to and secure learning as a resource person
guidelines and enhance learning environments to for, policies,
procedures that through the enhance learning guidelines and
provide safe and consistent through the procedures that relate
secure learning implementation of consistent to the implementation
environments. policies, guidelines implementation of of safe and secure
and procedures. policies, guidelines learning environments
and procedures. for learners.

Strand 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 Maintain 2.2.3 Exhibit 2.2.4 Advocate and
Fair learning Demonstrate learning effective practices facilitate the use of
environment understanding of environments that to foster learning effective practices to
learning promote fairness, environments that foster learning
environments respect and care promote fairness, environments that
that promote to encourage respect and care to promote fairness,
fairness, respect learning. encourage learning. respect and care to
and care to encourage learning.
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

encourage
learning.

Strand 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 Manage 2.3.3 Work with 2.3.4 Model
Management Demonstrate classroom colleagues to model exemplary practices in
of classroom knowledge of structure to and share effective the management of
structure and managing engage learners, techniques in the classroom structure
activities classroom individually or in management of and activities, and
structure that groups, in classroom structure lead colleagues at the
engages learners, meaningful to engage learners, whole-school level to
individually or in exploration, individually or in review and evaluate
groups, in discovery and groups, in their practices.
meaningful hands-on activities meaningful
exploration, within a range of exploration,
discovery and physical learning discovery and
hands-on environments. hands-on activities
activities within within a range of
the available physical learning
physical learning environments.
environments.

Strand 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 Maintain 2.4.3 Work with 2.4.4 Facilitate
Support for Demonstrate supportive colleagues to share processes to review
learner understanding of learning successful the effectiveness of
participation supportive environments that strategies that the school's learning
learning nurture and sustain supportive environment to
environments inspire learners to learning nurture and inspire
that nurture and participate, environments that learner participation.
inspire learner cooperate and nurture and inspire
participation. collaborate in learners to
continued participate,
learning. cooperate and
collaborate in
continued learning.

Strand 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 Apply a 2.5.3 Model 2.5.4 Lead and
Promotion of Demonstrate range of successful successful empower colleagues
purposive knowledge of strategies that strategies and in promoting learning
learning learning maintain learning support colleagues environments that
environments environments that in promoting effectively motivate
that motivate motivate learners learning learners to achieve
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

learners to work to work environments that quality outcomes by

productively by productively by effectively motivate assuming
assuming assuming learners to work responsibility for their
responsibility for responsibility for productively by own learning.
their own their own learning. assuming
learning. responsibility for
their own learning.

Strand 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 Manage 2.6.3 Exhibit 2.6.4 Provide

Management Demonstrate learner behavior effective and leadership in applying
of learner knowledge of constructively by constructive a wide range of
behavior positive and non- applying positive behavior strategies in the
violent discipline and non-violent management skills implementation of
in the discipline to by applying positive positive and non-
management of ensure learning- and non-violent violent discipline
learner behavior. focused discipline to ensure policies/procedures to
environments. learning-focused ensure learning-
environments. focused
environments.
Domain 3. Diversity of Learners
Domain 3 emphasizes the central role of teachers in establishing learning environments that
are responsive to learner diversity. This Domain underscores the importance of teachers’
knowledge and understanding of, as well as respect for, learners’ diverse characteristics and
experiences as inputs to the planning and design of learning opportunities. It encourages the
celebration of diversity in the classrooms and the need for teaching practices that are
differentiated to encourage all learners to be successful citizens in a changing local and global
environment.
Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 Use 3.1.3 Work with 3.1.4 Lead
Demonstrate differentiated, colleagues to share colleagues to
Learners' knowledge and developmentally differentiated, evaluate
gender, needs, understanding of appropriate learning developmentally differentiated
strengths, differentiated experiences to appropriate strategies to
interests and teaching to suit address learners' opportunities to enrich teaching
experiences the learners' gender, needs, address learners' practices that
gender, needs, strengths, interests differences in address learners'
strengths, and experiences. gender, needs, differences in
interests and strengths, interests gender, needs,
 Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers Teachers

experiences. and experiences. strengths,

interests and
experiences.

Strand 3.2 3.2.1 Implement 3.2.2 Establish a 3.2.3 Exhibit a 3.2.4 Model
teaching learner-centered learner-centered exemplary
Learners' strategies that are culture by using culture that teaching practices
linguistic, responsive to the teaching strategies promotes success by that recognize and
cultural, socio- learners' that respond to using effective affirm diverse
economic and linguistic, cultural, their linguistic, teaching strategies linguistic, cultural,
religious socio-economic cultural, socio- that respond to socioeconomic
backgrounds and religious economic and their linguistic, and religious
backgrounds. religious cultural, backgrounds to
backgrounds. socioeconomic and promote learner
religious success.
backgrounds.

Strand 3.3 3.3.1 Use 3.3.2 Design, adapt 3.3.3 Assist 3.3.4 Lead
strategies and implement colleagues to colleagues in
Learners with responsive to teaching strategies design, adapt and designing,
disabilities, learners with that are responsive implement teaching adapting and
giftedness and disabilities, to learners with strategies that are implementing
talents giftedness and disabilities, responsive to teaching strategies
talents. giftedness and learners with that are
talents. disabilities, responsive to
giftedness and learners with
talents. disabilities,
giftedness and
talents.

Strand 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 Plan and 3.4.3 Evaluate with 3.4.4 Model a
Learners in Demonstrate deliver teaching colleagues teaching range of high level
difficult understanding of strategies that are strategies that are skills responsive to
circumstances the special responsive to the responsive to the the special
educational needs special educational special educational educational needs
of learners in needs of learners in needs of learners in of learners in
difficult difficult difficult difficult
circumstances, circumstances, circumstances, circumstances,
including: including: including: including:
geographic geographic geographic isolation; geographic
isolation; chronic isolation; chronic chronic illness; isolation; chronic
 Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers Teachers

illness; illness; displacement due to illness;

displacement due displacement due to armed conflict, displacement due
to armed conflict, armed conflict, urban resettlement to armed conflict,
urban urban resettlement or disasters; child urban
resettlement or or disasters; child abuse and child resettlement or
disasters; child abuse and child labor practices. disasters; child
abuse and child labor practices. abuse and child
labor practices. labor practices.

Strand 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 Adapt and use 3.5.3 Develop and 3.5.4 Show
Learners from Demonstrate culturally apply teaching comprehensive
indigenous knowledge of appropriate strategies to address skills in delivering
groups teaching teaching strategies effectively the needs culturally
strategies that are to address the of learners from appropriate
inclusive of needs of learners indigenous groups. teaching strategies
learners from from indigenous to address
indigenous groups. effectively the
groups. needs of learners
from indigenous
groups.
Domain 4. Curriculum and Planning
Domain 4 addresses teachers’ knowledge of and interaction with the national and local
curriculum requirements. This Domain encompasses their ability to translate curriculum
content into learning activities that are relevant to learners and based on the principles of
effective teaching and learning. It expects teachers to apply their professional knowledge to
plan and design, individually or in collaboration with colleagues, well-structured and sequenced
lessons. These lesson sequences and associated learning programs should be contextually
relevant, responsive to learners’ needs and incorporate a range of teaching and learning
resources. The Domain expects teachers to communicate learning goals to support learner
participation, understanding and achievement.
Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 4.1 4.1.1 Prepare 4.1.2 Plan, manage 4.1.3 Develop and 4.1.4 Model
developmentally and implement apply effective exemplary practice
Planning and sequenced developmentally strategies in the and lead colleagues
management of teaching and sequenced planning and in enhancing
teaching and learning process teaching and management of current practices in
learning to meet learning process to developmentally the planning and
process curriculum meet curriculum sequenced teaching management of
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

requirements. requirements and and learning developmentally

varied teaching process to meet sequenced
contexts. curriculum teaching and
requirements and learning process.
varied teaching
contexts.

Strand 4.2 4.2.1 Identify 4.2.2 Set 4.2.3 Model to 4.2.4 Exhibit high-
Learning learning outcomes achievable and colleagues the level skills and lead
outcomes that are aligned appropriate setting of in setting
aligned with with learning learning outcomes achievable and achievable and
learning competencies. that are aligned challenging learning challenging
competencies with learning outcomes that are learning outcomes
competencies. aligned with that are aligned
learning with learning
competencies to competencies
cultivate a culture towards the
of excellence for all cultivation of a
learners. culture of
excellence for all.

Strand 4.3 4.3.1 Demonstrate 4.3.2 Adapt and 4.3.3 Work 4.3.4 Provide
Relevance and knowledge in the implement collaboratively with advice in the design
responsiveness implementation of learning programs colleagues to and
of learning relevant and that ensure evaluate the design implementation of
programs responsive relevance and of learning relevant and
learning programs. responsiveness to programs that responsive learning
the needs of all develop the programs that
learners. knowledge and develop the
skills of learners at knowledge and
different ability skills of learners at
levels. different ability
levels.

Strand 4.4 4.4.1 Seek advice 4.4.2 Participate in 4.4.3 Review with 4.4.4 Lead
concerning collegial colleagues, teacher colleagues in
Professional strategies that can discussions that and learner professional
collaboration to enrich teaching use teacher and feedback to plan, discussions to plan
enrich teaching practice. learner feedback facilitate, and and implement
practice to enrich teaching enrich teaching strategies that
practice. practice. enrich teaching
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

practice.

Strand 4.5 4.5.1 Show skills in 4.5.2 Select, 4.5.3 Advise and 4.5.4 Model
the selection, develop, organize guide colleagues in exemplary skills
Teaching and development and and use the selection, and lead colleagues
learning use of a variety of appropriate organization, in the development
resources teaching and teaching and development and and evaluation of
including ICT learning learning resources, use of appropriate teaching and
resources, including ICT, to teaching and learning resources,
including ICT, to address learning learning resources, including ICT, for
address learning goals. including ICT, to use within and
goals. address specific beyond the school.
learning goals.
Domain 5. Assessment and Reporting
Domain 5 relates to processes associated with a variety of assessment tools and strategies used
by teachers in monitoring, evaluating, documenting and reporting learners’ needs, progress and
achievement. This Domain concerns the use of assessment data in a variety of ways to inform
and enhance the teaching and learning process and programs. It concerns teachers providing
learners with the necessary feedback about learning outcomes. This feedback informs the
reporting cycle and enables teachers to select, organize and use sound assessment processes.
Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 Design, select, 5.1.3 Work 5.1.4 Lead initiatives
Demonstrate organize and use collaboratively with in the evaluation of
Design, knowledge of diagnostic, colleagues to review assessment policies
selection, the design, formative and the design, and guidelines that
organization selection, summative selection, relate to the design,
and utilization organization and assessment organization and use selection,
of assessment use of strategies of a range of organization and use
strategies diagnostic, consistent with effective diagnostic, of effective
formative and curriculum formative and diagnostic, formative
summative requirements. summative and summative
assessment assessment assessment
strategies strategies consistent strategies consistent
consistent with with curriculum with curriculum
curriculum requirements. requirements.
requirements.

Strand 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 Monitor and 5.2.3 Interpret 5.2.4 Provide advice
 Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers Teachers

Demonstrate evaluate learner collaboratively on, and mentor

Monitoring and knowledge of progress and monitoring and colleagues in the
evaluation of monitoring and achievement using evaluation strategies effective analysis and
learner progress evaluation of learner attainment of attainment data use of learner
and learner progress data. to support learner attainment data.
achievement and progress and
achievement achievement.
using learner
attainment data.

Strand 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 Use strategies 5.3.3 Use effective 5.3.4 Exhibit
Demonstrate for providing strategies for exemplary skills and
Feedback to knowledge of timely, accurate providing timely, lead initiatives to
improve providing timely, and constructive accurate and support colleagues in
learning accurate and feedback to constructive applying strategies
constructive improve learner feedback to that effectively
feedback to performance. encourage learners provide timely,
improve learner to reflect on and accurate and
performance. improve their own constructive
learning. feedback to learners
to improve learning
achievement.

Strand 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 Communicate 5.4.3 Apply skills in 5.4.4 Share with
Demonstrate promptly and the effective colleagues a wide
Communication familiarity with a clearly the learners' communication of range of strategies
of learner range of needs, progress and learner needs, that ensure effective
needs, progress strategies for achievement to key progress and communication of
and communicating stakeholders, achievement to key learner needs,
achievement to learner needs, including stakeholders, progress and
key progress and parents/guardians. including achievement to key
stakeholders achievement. parents/guardians. stakeholders,
including
parents/guardians.

Strand 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 Utilize 5.5.3 Work 5.5.4 Lead colleagues
Demonstrate an assessment data to collaboratively with to explore, design
Use of understanding of inform the colleagues to and implement
assessment the role of modification of analyze and utilize effective practices
data to enhance assessment data teaching and assessment data to and programs using
teaching and as feedback in learning practices modify practices and information derived
 Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers Teachers

learning teaching and and programs. programs to further from assessment

practices and learning support learner data.
programs practices and progress and
programs. achievement.
Domain 6. Community Linkages and Professional Engagement
Domain 6 affirms the role of teachers in establishing school-community partnerships aimed at
enriching the learning environment, as well as the community’s engagement in the educative
process. This Domain expects teachers to identify and respond to opportunities that link
teaching and learning in the classroom to the experiences, interests and aspirations of the
wider school community and other key stakeholders. It concerns the importance of teachers’
understanding and fulfilling their obligations in upholding professional ethics, accountability
and transparency to promote professional and harmonious relationships with learners, parents,
schools and the wider community.
Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Beginning Teachers Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers

Strand 6.1 6.1.1 Demonstrate 6.1.2 Maintain 6.1.3 Reflect on and 6.1.4 Model
an understanding learning evaluate learning exemplary practice
Establishment of knowledge of environments that environments that and empower
of learning learning are responsive to are responsive to colleagues to
environments environments that community community establish and
that are are responsive to contexts. contexts. maintain effective
responsive to community learning
community contexts. environments that
contexts are responsive to
community
contexts.

Strand 6.2 6.2.1 Seek advice 6.2.2 Build 6.2.3 Guide 6.2.4 Lead in
concerning relationships with colleagues to consolidating
Engagement strategies that build parents/guardians strengthen networks that
of parents and relationships with and the wider relationships with strengthen
the wider parents/guardians school community parents/guardians relationships with
school and the wider to facilitate and the wider parents/guardians
community in community. involvement in the school community and the wider
the educative educative process. to maximize their school community
process involvement in the to maximize their
educative process. involvement in the
educative process.
 Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Beginning Teachers Proficient Teachers
Teachers Teachers

Strand 6.3 6.3.1 Demonstrate 6.3.2 Review 6.3.3 Discuss with 6.3.4 Lead
Professional awareness of regularly personal colleagues teaching colleagues in the
ethics existing laws and teaching practice and learning regular review of
regulations that using existing laws practices that apply existing codes, laws
apply to the and regulations existing codes, laws and regulations
teaching that apply to the and regulations that that apply to the
profession, and teaching profession apply to the teaching
become familiar and the teaching profession, profession, and the
with the responsibilities and the responsibilities as
responsibilities specified in the responsibilities specified in the
specified in the Code of Ethics for specified in the Code of Ethics for
Code of Ethics for Professional Code of Ethics for Professional
Professional Teachers. Professional Teachers.
Teachers. Teachers.

Strand 6.4 6.4.1 Demonstrate 6.4.2 Comply with 6.4.3 Exhibit 6.4.4 Evaluate
knowledge and and implement commitment to and existing school
School policies understanding of school policies and support teachers in policies and
and school policies and procedures the implementation procedures to make
procedures procedures to consistently to of school policies them more
foster harmonious foster harmonious and procedures to responsive to the
relationship with relationships with foster harmonious needs of the
the wider school learners, parents, relationships with learners, parents
community. and other learners, parents and other
stakeholders. and other stakeholders.
stakeholders.
Domain 7. Personal Growth and Professional Development
Domain 7 focuses on teachers’ personal growth and professional development. It accentuates
teachers’ proper and high personal regard for the profession by maintaining qualities that
uphold the dignity of teaching such as caring attitude, respect and integrity. This Domain values
personal and professional reflection and learning to improve practice. It recognizes the
importance of teachers’ assuming responsibility for personal growth and professional
development for lifelong learning.
Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 7.1 7.1.1 Articulate a 7.1.2 Apply a 7.1.3 Manifest a 7.1.4 Model a
personal personal learner-centered learner-centered
Philosophy of philosophy of philosophy of teaching teaching philosophy
teaching teaching that is teaching that is philosophy in through teaching
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

learner-centered. learner-centered. various aspects of practices that

practice and stimulate colleagues
support colleagues to engage in further
in enhancing their professional
own learner- learning.
centered teaching
philosophy.

Strand 7.2 7.2.1 Demonstrate 7.2.2 Adopt 7.2.3 Identify and 7.2.4 Act as a role
behaviors that practices that utilize personal model and advocate
Dignity of uphold the dignity uphold the dignity professional for upholding the
teaching as a of teaching as a of teaching as a strengths to uphold dignity of teaching
profession profession by profession by the dignity of as a profession to
exhibiting qualities exhibiting teaching as a build a positive
such as caring qualities such as profession to help teaching and
attitude, respect caring attitude, build a positive learning culture
and integrity. respect and teaching and within and beyond
integrity. learning culture the school.
within the school.

Strand 7.3 7.3.1 Seek 7.3.2 Participate 7.3.3 Contribute 7.3.4 Take a
opportunities to in professional actively to leadership role in
Professional establish networks to share professional supporting
links with professional links knowledge and to networks within colleagues'
colleagues with colleagues. enhance practice. and between engagement with
schools to improve professional
knowledge and to networks within and
enhance practice. across schools to
advance knowledge
and practice in
identified areas of
need.

Strand 7.4 7.4.1 Demonstrate 7.4.2 Develop a 7.4.3 Initiate 7.4.4. Demonstrate
an understanding personal professional leadership within
Professional of how professional reflections and and across school
reflection and professional improvement plan promote learning contexts in critically
learning to reflection and based on opportunities with evaluating practice
improve reflection of one's colleagues to and setting clearly
practice improve practice.
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands
Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 7.5 7.5.1 Demonstrate 7.5.2 Set 7.5.3 Reflect on the 7.5.4 Lead reforms
motivation to professional Philippine in enhancing
Professional realize professional development Professional professional
development development goals goals based on Standards for development
goals based on the the Philippine Teachers to plan programs based on
Philippine Professional personal an in-depth
Professional Standards for professional knowledge and
Standards for Teachers. development goals understanding of the
Teachers. and assist Philippine
colleagues in Professional
planning and Standards for
achieving their own Teachers.
goals.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data
assessment practices

Classroom Structure The physical set-up of the learning environment which generally
includes the arrangement of chairs, tables, and other equipment in the
classroom designed to maximize learning

Content Knowledge Competencies that teachers are expected to master for them to teach
efficiently and effectively

Culturally-appropriate teaching Teaching strategies that respect cultural differences between and
strategies among students and teachers

Curriculum Areas Different learning/subject areas taught and learned in the basic
education curriculum

Creative thinking skills Involve exploring ideas, generating possibilities and looking for many
right answers rather than just one.

Critical thinking skills Refer to the many kinds of intellectual skills that (in its most basic
expression) occurs when students are analyzing, evaluating,
interpreting, or synthesizing information and applying creative thought
to form an argument, solve a problem, or reach a conclusion.

Developmentally Appropriate Teaching and learning activities and tasks suited to the needs, abilities,
Learning Experience skills, and developmental level of learners
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data
assessment practices

Diagnostic assessment Assesses what the learner already knows prior to instruction. It also
analyzes the nature of difficulties and misconceptions that the learner
might have, which, if undiagnosed, might affect their learning of newer
concepts. Based on DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015, there are only two
types of classroom assessment, namely, formative and summative.
Formative assessment already covers diagnostic assessment.

Differentiated Teaching Teaching-learning processes involving a wide variety of texts, tasks,

processes and products suited to the various learning needs of diverse
students

Domain Broad conceptual sphere of teaching and learning practices defined by

specific strands in the set of professional standards for teachers

Formative assessment Refers to a wide variety of methods that teachers use to conduct in-
process evaluations of student comprehension, learning needs, and
academic progress during a lesson, unit, or course. Formative
assessments help teachers identify concepts that students are
struggling to understand, skills they are having difficulty acquiring, or
learning standards they have not yet achieved so that adjustments can
be made to lessons, instructional techniques, and academic support.
(Please also refer to DepED Order No. 8, s. 2015, p. 2 on its 3-paragraph
definition.)

Higher Order Thinking Skills Complex thinking processes which include logical and critical analysis,
evaluation and synthesis thinking that enable individuals to reflect,
solve problems and create products/solutions

Indicators Concrete, observable and measurable teacher behaviors/practices

covered in every strand in the set of professional standards for
teachers

Indigenous groups People who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial,
occupied, possessed and utilized ancestral territories, shared common
bonds of language, customs, traditions, and other unique cultural traits
(RA 8371: IPRA)

Learner Attainment Data Evidence of learning, progress or achievement in learner performance

reflected in various assessment results, portfolios, class records and
report cards

Learner interests Pertain to student's personal preferences, likes or dislikes, which must
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data
assessment practices

be considered in the teachinglearning process. The first step to

differentiate for interests is to find out what learners care about and
like to do.

Learner needs Refer to an observable gap between the learner's present knowledge
or competence and the curriculum standards identified as necessary for
the grade level.

Learner strengths Refer to the learner's present knowledge or competence that helps
him/her in meeting the standards identified.

Learning experiences Refer to any interaction, course, program, or other involvement in

which learning takes place, whether it occurs in traditional academic
settings (schools, classrooms) or nontraditional settings (outside-of-
school locations, outdoor environments), or whether it includes
traditional educational interactions (students learning from teachers
and professors) or nontraditional interactions (students learning
through games and interactive software applications).

Learning Focused Instructional and assessment strategies that target meaningful learning

Learning goals Reflect long-term objectives to learn new skills, master new tasks, or
understand new things. They refer to specific knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values stated as curriculum competencies that children
must develop as a result of the teaching-learning process

Learning Outcomes Products and performance targets through which students

demonstrate the knowledge, skills and attitudes they have learned

Learning Programs Organized and sequenced set of strategies, activities and tasks that
effect learning

Learning/Teaching Contexts Teaching/learning situations and all the circumstances in which

learners learn from instruction

Local curriculum Educational curriculum content that is informed by and responsive to

the "cultural and socioeconomic realities" (UNESCO, 2012; 31) of local
populations in order to engage students in the learning process

Mother tongue The native language or the first language the learner learns as a child

National curriculum Subjects or topics taught in schools as prescribed by the Department of

Education
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data
assessment practices

Non-verbal communication Communication that does not involve the use of words, e.g., facial
strategies expressions, gestures, and tone of voice

Non-violent discipline A form of discipline that avoids the use of punishment such as
spanking, verbal abuse and humiliation (see Positive discipline)

Numeracy and literacy skills Reading, writing, and mathematical skills needed to cope with everyday
life

Philosophy of teaching Teachers' views, understandings and conceptualization of teaching and

learning

Physical space/physical Any area conducive to learning which usually includes a safe classroom
learning environment with appropriate devices for teaching and learning

Positive discipline Non-violent, respectful and diplomatic means of disciplining a learner

or managing learner behavior through dialogue and counseling instead
of punishment (see Non-violent discipline)

Positive use of ICT Responsible, ethical or appropriate use of ICT to achieve and reinforce
learning

Professional collaboration Teachers working together with colleagues and other stakeholders to
enrich the teaching-learning practice

Professional learning Something most teachers and educators do every day, as they reflect
on their professional practice, work together and share ideas, and
strive to improve learner outcomes.

Professional network Refers to the connected community of educators, which may also be an
online community like LinkedIn among others. This is a vibrant, ever-
changing group of connections to which teachers go to share and learn.
These groups reflect their values, passions, and areas of expertise.

Professional reflection Refers to the teacher's capacity to reflect in action (while teaching) and
on action (after teaching), which is an important feature of professional
development program for teachers.

Professional standards for Public document that defines teacher quality through well-defined
teachers domains, strands, and indicators that provide measures of professional
learning, competent practice, and effective engagement

Purposive learning Knowledge and skills acquisition designed with a clear purpose, goal or
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data
assessment practices

objective in mind

Research-based knowledge Information, knowledge or data acquired through systematic

investigation and logical study

School/learning/community See learning context

context

Strand More specific dimensions of teacher practice under every domain in

the set of professional standards for teachers

Summative assessment Used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic
achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional period—
typically at the end of a project, unit, quarter, semester, program, or
school year. (Please also refer to DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015, pp. 2-3 for
additional description of summative assessment.)

Teaching and learning Teaching aids and other materials that teachers use not only to
resources enhance teaching and learning but also to assist learners to meet the
expectations for learning as defined by the curriculum.

Verbal communication Oral or spoken means of transmitting information and meaning

strategies

Virtual space The online environment like the social media where people can interact

Wider school community Refers to both internal and external stakeholders

Walk-through Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST)
Activity:

1. Examine if the teacher education curriculum you are presently undergoing adequately
prepares you for competencies contained in the PPST.
2. Give your ideas, comments, remarks in one-page paper. Enumerate.