BALIUAG UNIVERSITY SOCIAL ARTS 2 MODULE

CHAPTER 4

Alert Today, Alive Tomorrow

RULES OF THE ROAD

Topic: ROAD SAFETY

A. Defensive Driving
B. Defensive Walking

Description:
This chapter deals with one of the most important aspects of everybody's life: road safety.
This provides a fundamental understanding of road safety as a discipline. Here, both concepts
of defensive driving and defensive walking will be discussed. This includes some important
rules of the road that every motorist and pedestrian must follow. Helpful tips are also
discussed along with the reasons why following road safety traffic rules can mean the
preservation of your lives especially your own.

Length: Eighty (80) minutes

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to:
1. Realize the underlying logic of road safety rules and laws; and.
2. Apply their newfound knowledge in road safety to protect themselves and other
people from the danger in our roads.

Description of Activity:
Students will be grouped. Each group will be asked to identify 5 hazard areas for
pedestrians and 5 hazard areas for drivers in any central traffic location in Baliwag and/or
your municipality

Assignment:
Interview the Traffic Chief or any traffic enforcer of Baliuag or your municipality to get
information on the challenges and rewards of managing traffic in the town. Get
information on most common areas of traffic accidents and common causes of
accidents Take pictures of the most accident-prone area in Baliwag or your
municipality and explain why these areas are accident-prone and what solution can be
made to make the area safe for motorists and pedestrians.

"Kindness and common courtesy toward your fellow creature will lessen accident more than any
other rule of the road. Teach this truth to your children."

The above is from a notice, probably from the 1950s, of the Road Safety Division of the
National Safety Council (S.A.) Inc. of the United States. According to the
www.worldlifeexpectancy.com, "road traffic accidents" is the top 14 cause of death in the
Philippines in 2017. All the other causes from number 1 to number 12 are all diseases of some
kind with number 13 cause of deaths is "violence". This only means that adherence and
following road discipline and road rules and laws need to improve if we want to prevent loss
of life on our roads.

Baliuag University students should be aware of the dangers of violating traffic laws and
practice constant awareness whether thru defensive driving or defensive walking (for
pedestrians). Many lives have already been lost to road accidents that could have been
avoided if only the laws of the road were properly followed.

A. DEFENSIVE DRIVING

Contrary to popular belief, defensive driving can save a driver much time and money and
at the same time help keep the roads safer for other drivers and pedestrians. Defensive
driving will help you avoid costly auto repairs by anticipating the possibility of accidents.
Traffic jams are a major source of stress, especially during rush hours. To compensate for
time lost during traffic jams, many Filipinos buy motorcycles to use as "service vehicles" to
get to and from work or school. In 2017 alone, 1.32 million motorcycle units were sold in
the country (about 16% increase from the previous year). For cars, almost half a million
units were sold in the same year. Naturally, the more numbers of vehicles on the road
result to heavier traffic jams. What can also be expected is the increased number of
accidents on the road. Around the world, about 1.2 million people die from road traffic
accidents. In 2015 in the Philippines, more than 30,000 road accidents are recorded by the
Department of Health (DOH), resulting to more than 10,000 deaths. And in every 10
accidents that happen, six of which involve motorcycles, and 1 out of the 10 involves a
pedestrian. And it is estimated that by year 2030, road traffic accidents will be the 7th
leading cause of deaths around the world. Most accidents are recorded during rush hours:
8:00 am to 12 pm and 4:00pm to 8:00pm. These are when people are hurrying to get to
school or work from home and vice versa.
No one should lose a life over a traffic accident that can be avoided most of the times. If
only drivers and pedestrians use their common sense when on the road.

The following are things that can make driving a car or a motorcycle safer for you and for
others:

Respect the Right of Way of Everyone

If you spot a vehicle in a hurry, do not be obstinate and yield the right of way even if you
are legally right in refusing. While the other driver might be being a bully in claiming
Respect The Right Of Way Of Everyone
you give way, it's better to let him through. Do not block the path of the vehicle by
moving in front of it or impede its passage in any way. Doing so is dangerous and
increases the risk of an accident.
Also, weaving in and out of traffic is a serious safety threat. Always remember, when it
comes to driving, it's reaching your destination safely that is most important.
Do Not Exceed The Speed Limit

Driving over a given speed limit is not only illegal, but also dangerous. Driving at
60kmph on a road where the limit is 50kmph might save you 20 minutes, but it also
increases the chances of an accident.
The faster you are moving, the longer it takes for the car or motorcycle to do your
bidding when you apply the brakes. It also reduces the time you have to react to the
unexpected, such as a car out of control or an animal crossing the road. The sheer
physics of a collision at high speeds should be enough deterrence. The greater transfer
of energy resulting from the higher momentum can cause horrific injuries.
Also, you will be booked by the police if you are caught speeding, which will include a
fine the first time and a more permanent punishment for repeat offenders.
Therefore, choose a speed matching the rest of the traffic as closely as possible without
exceeding the speed limit. If the rest of the traffic is moving at a pace faster than you
like, keep to the lane on the left and stay out of the way of the faster vehicles. If you
need to overtake a vehicle moving slower than you are, do so from the right. Make your
intentions clear using the indicators before overtaking.

Pay Attention To The Road

"I never saw him!" is the most common excuse used after an accident. But come on, it
wasn't that the other vehicle (or person or electric pole) was invisible.
Numerous accidents happen because a driver does not pay attention to what is
happening on the road. Any vehicle, immaterial of its size,
can be the cause of an
accident. Also remember that you cannot rely on your fellow drivers to follow the rules
your vehicle out of a potentially dangerous situation. It would help if you don't use your
and keep you safe. So stay alert and ensure that you have plenty of room to manoeuvre
mobile phone or listen to music on full volume.

Try to anticipate what the other drivers might do in the situation, especially on open
roads or when there is heavy traffic. It's always better to stay wary. Be careful when
approaching traffic signals, breaks in dividers or service roads. Hasty motorists tend to
join the main road without checking the flow of traffic. Also, on a busy road, such as a
commercial centre, watch out for cars pulling out from parking. Look out for gaps in the
lines of traffic for space to take evasive action. Slow down if you see the traffic in front
of you bunching up. No point in adding to the melee. A little patience will help in
clearing the jam.

Always Remember To Wear The Seat Belt and/or Helmet

The seat belt is the most important safety device in your car. A seat belt might appear To
be insignificant, but it can save your life. The force and sudden movement on collision
can fatally injure a person (ribcage, lungs and heart against the dashboard or steering
wheel) or even fling drivers out of the car if they're not strapped in.
Seat belts also help in cutting down movement while driving on bumpy roads. If you
have a small child in the car, use a baby seat and fasten it using a seat belt.
Motorcycles do not have seatbelts but it should come with the most important safety
equipment for the riders: the safety helmet. Many Filipinos see the helmet as an
accessory that should be worn to avoid apprehension by traffic authorities. In reality,
no one should ride a motorcycle be it the driver or a passenger without wearing this
most important safety equipment. Many lives have been wasted and lost simply
because the driver or the passenger of motorcycles failed to wear helmets.
Motorcycles are different from cars in such a way that in full stops, a car can stop with
the driver comfortably seated inside the cabin. In motorcycles, the driver/rider can not
sit as comfortable because he still has to balance his motorcycle along with his
passenger (if any). Sometimes accident happen not when the motorcycle is moving but
when it is at stop. When the driver/rider fails to balance his motorcycle at these
occasions, his unprotected head is vulnerable to hitting hard surfaces in the form of an
adjacent car's metal hood or fender, or concrete sidewalks. Helmets protect the most
vulnerable part of the driver/rider's body-his head,

Do Not Drive If You Are Stressed Or Unwell

If you think you are distracted, stressed, fatigued or unwell and it will affect your
judgment while driving, you should not get behind the steering wheel. Any of these can
slow down your reaction time and driving in such a state is unwise.NBeing overworked, stressed
or tired increases the chances of you falling asleep at the wheels. If it's a long drive and you feel
tired, pull over to the side of the road and sleep for a while.

It goes without saying that consumption of alcohol is a serious impediment to making the right
choices and it is very dangerous to drive inebriated. If you are going to a party It goes without
saying that consumption of alcohol is a serious impediment to making where you are likely to
consume alcohol, make sure someone who does not drink is the designated driver or arrange for a
taxi. Driving under the influence of alcohol ishe punishable offense, including the possibility of
cancellation of your license or even jail time. Also, it would be safer not to drive if you are unwell.
A high fever or an injury can be disorienting, resulting in an error of judgement.

Slow Down On Wet Roads And In Bad Weather

The most sensible thing to do in adverse weather conditions such as heavy rainfall or
fog is to slow down. Driving at high speeds in heavy rain could lead to your car
aquaplaning (rise up on a thin film of water between the tires and road so that there is
no more contact with the road). Make sure that your car tyres have the right air pressure because
overinflating tyres reduces the area of contact with the road, resulting in loss of rolling friction on
wet
surfaces. If your car tyres are overinflated, release some air.
Similarly, visibility is reduced significantly in a dense fog and judging the distances
between vehicles becomes difficult. In both cases-heavy rain and fog-slowing down is the safest
option. If the fog is very thick, drive slowly along the divider or road markers to have a point of
reference. Do
not try to overtake in such conditions.

Know The Blind Spots

Remember that you have a few blind spots around your vehicle. The area behind the
pillars of the car and at the back are the usual blind spots. Always be cautious when
moving in these direction, such as when you are changing lanes or backing out of
parking. Looking into your rear-view mirror is not enough. Watch out for approaching
traffic from the sides, which a blind spot on the overhead mirror, in the outside mirrors.
On roads that have higher speed limits, such as highways, traffic from the rear
approaches very quickly. When there are large vehicles such as trucks and buses on the
road, ensure that you maintain enough distance for your car to be visible in the
rear-view and outside mirrors of the vehicle in front of you. In fact, tailgating any
vehicle is a risk. So maintain a reasonable distance between your car and the vehicle in
front

Backing up is always tricky. Have a quick look around for anything in your way first. Be
especially careful if there are children playing around the vehicle. Defensive driving
might seem dull, but safety should be the paramount consideration on the road.
Also, know that other vehicles on the road have their own blind spots. Failing to realize
this may mean your life on the line. This is one of the leading causes of motorcycle
drivers/riders getting run over by huge trucks on the road. Having a high cabin
positions, truck drivers do not usually see small objects near the vehicle, whether they
be motorcycles or small cars closely beside them or directly in front of their front
bumpers. Putting yourself in these dangerous positions like overtaking/passing a truck
on its right side or inching your way to get to the front of the truck during full stops, put
you in harm's way. In the battle between a car or a motorcycle versus a truck, we all
know which one will crushed.

B. DEFENSIVE WALKING

If you think those behind the wheels are the most at risk on roads, you can not be more
wrong. Pedestrians are considered as one of the most vulnerable road users in less
developed countries like the Philippines. The problem lies in the fact that pedestrian
safety is often not addressed by rural and urban plans by governments (national and
local). We have disappearing sidewalks taken over by street vendors, extension of stores
and shops, and becoming illegal terminals for public utility vehicles (PUVS) like jeepneys
and tricycles and personal parking space by private motorists.
So here are a few tips for pedestrians when walking on our dangerous streets:

Always use the sidewalk or shoulder, if there is one. This one should be a
no-brainer. Sidewalks are named as such because pedestrians are supposed to walk on
the side of the road and not on the road.

Make eye contact with the oncoming driver so you can see what's going on behind the
wheel. Never assume a driver can see you. In fact, assume the opposite and act
accordingly.

Wear bright, reflective outer layers. Remember that many streets in the Philippines
are poorly lit. If you need to walk at night, wear bright-colored clothing that can help
you become more visible for motorists. If you are wearing your school uniform, try to
use bright-colored bags and accessories or if possible bags with reflective strips.

Wear a light. A small flashlight can go along way when you are walking on streets
with poor lights or sometimes, no lights. It can also dissuade robbers because aside
from the presence of the source of light, a flashlight may also be used as self-defense
weapon in the hands of abled-bodies.

Don't wear earbuds or headphones. This one sounds like a downer for Spotifiers but
help you avoid dangers on the road that your eyes may miss during evening or early
it may just save your life. Use your ears to sense your surroundings. Your ears can
morning walks. Headphones can cause inattentional blindness - the inability to notice
unexpected objects even when they might be right in front of you. The cognitive
function that you use to listen to music takes away from the more important cognitive
function of seeing cars approach. If you can't go without headphones, at least turn thevolume down
enough or leave one earbud out to be able to hear what's going on
around you.

Use pedestrian lanes/crosswalks when crossing the road, if there is one. This is
also pure common sense. If you need to cross the road and there are provided
pedestrian lanes or pedestrian crosswalks, use them. But remember to use them
wisely, wait for the signal for pedestrians to go and safely cross the street before doing
so. Remember that motorists also operate on the basis of the signals for them. A Green
"GO" signal for motorists would always mean a red or "STOP" signals for pedestrians to
cross a street, and vice versa.

Look both ways before crossing. In places where there are no pedestrian lanes/
crosswalks. Be sure to look both ways before crossing the road. Make sure also that
you are not jaywalking (illegal crossing of any part of the road) and that crossing the
road is allowed if you do so. Be sure that the driver of the car acknowledges your
right-of-way before crossing in front of a vehicle. Obey traffic signals.

Walk on the side of the road facing traffic. In places where there are no sidewalks
available (as the case in many of our streets), it is better to walk on the side facing
oncoming traffic. This will give the pedestrians a chance to see oncoming vehicles and
help them see the drivers of vehicles (remember the "make eye contact" rule).

Many Filipino pedestrians feel inconvenienced having to walk a few meters to cross the
road using a pedestrian lane or having to climb a few steps to use an elevated walkway or
overpass especially in areas where there is lax or lack of implementation of traffic laws
and/or ordinances. Sometimes, a seemingly simple violation of the law could result to the
loss of lives. So remember, the next time you intend to violate a simple traffic rule, think
about the people that can get killed in the process.

CHAPTER 5

Unboxing and Packaging the Self

IMPROVING SELF-IMAGE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION

Topic: Personality Development (Grooming and Communication Essentials)

Description:
This chapter discusses the importance of knowing how to present the self professionally
and how to carry oneself appropriately around people given certain situations.
Length:
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:
1. Enhance professionalism by improving self-image;
2. Present themselves confidently:
3. Exhibit appropriate behavior in social interactions.

Description of Activity:

Personality and Self-esteem

Personality affects how people perceive us and dictates what kind of attention and
interaction we can garner from our environment specifically from the people around us. As
defined, personality includes the product of all responses we exhibit in our daily lives and
how the inner self is manifested to the people around us. Having effective personality can
open a lot of opportunity for making expanded networks and landing a good job in the
future. Understanding the current level of your self-esteem may help you identify your
starting point in building or improving your personality (refer to Activity 1).
Building self-esteem could start by engaging to positive self-talk like "I have the power to
change myself", "I deserve happiness and success", "I am worthy of being loved", "I am
satisfied if I have done my best", "I can forgive myself for mistakes", "I will not give up on
myself" etc. Focusing on your good qualities and other things you like about yourself and
highlighting your achievements could further boost your self-esteem (Activity 2). Planning
for possibilities in any situation can help you prepare for any pitfalls that may cause a dent
in your self-esteem.

General Grooming

While attitude and values, which are part of our personality, are more complex and take
time to develop, self-esteem can start with a good and presentable appearance. A good
representation of the self can go a long way. Having healthy personal habits that include
proper grooming not only makes one feels good about himself but also lessen the risk of
acquiring illnesses. Thus, part of our daily routine should include personal hygiene habits.
Basic personal hygiene habits:
 • Taking a bath regularly
• Keeping well-trimmed nails
• Brushing and flossing the teeth at least twice a day
• Washing of hands as needed (before preparing or eating food, after going to the
bathroom, after coughing or sneezing, after handling garbage, etc.)

Wardrobe Essentials for Men

MEN'S STYLE BASICS

- basic building blocks

Denim
Casual Chinos
Dress Pants
Dress Shirts
Sport Shirts
Belt
Casual Jackets
Dress Shoes
Casual Shoes

Wardrobe Essentials for Women

White T-shirt
Casual Jacket
Black Dress
Black pants
Dark Wash Denim
White Button Down
Ballet Flats
Sleek pumps
Sneakers

Basic Etiquettes for Effective Communication

In this modern day and age, interaction between and among people can happen in wide
array of platforms that the virtual world provides. However, no matter how much time
people spend and rely on their gadgets to reach out to their families, friends or colleagues,
face-to-face communication is still inevitable. Actual face-to-face communication is
expected to be conducted according to certain norms or etiquette to assure respect or
civility among the people involved. Listed below are some example forms of etiquette
with respect to communicating with others: (Activity 3)

• Maintaining an appropriate amount of eye contact to the person you are talking to
• Avoiding interruptions when someone is talking
 • Avoiding using angry or inappropriate tone and unnecessary expressions such as cuss
or offending words
• Being mindful of distractive actions such smirking, picking the nose, multitasking or
exchanging reactions to others, clearing your throat repeatedly, popping or snapping
your gum, fiddling with your hair, playing with your jewelry, whispering when others
are talking, jiggling change or keys in your pocket, tapping your fingers or a pen or
pencil, Interrupting conversations and repeating meaningless phrases ("you know"."
like", etc) as someone talks to you
• Being punctual always
• Being polite and courteous always; saying please and thank you as necessary, a
pleasant smile, intermittent nodding of the head if necessary
• Greeting and acknowledging someone. If it is the first time in the day that one meets
another person, it is customary to greet the person Good Day or Good Morning,
depends on what time of the day it is. However, if one crosses that person multiple
times during the course of the day, it is necessary to acknowledge the person with a
nod or a smile.

Oral Communication (spoken messages)

Do's of good oral communication

1. Speak clearly and courteously
2. Avoid the overuse of the word "I", for Filipinos - avoid using the word "bale", "ayun
nga" in formal conversations like class presentation
3. Think before you speak
4. Say the main thoughts or points first and then elaborate.
5. Apologize if you err or misspeak
6. Consider your audience and empathize with your listener
7. Use positive language
8. Use standard language and enunciate words properly
9. Show interest in the listener's response

Don't's of oral communication

1. Use um or ah as fillers between words
2. Be sarcastic
3. Make personal attacks
4. Be rude or pushy
5. Jump from topic to topic without a transition
6. Use meaningless phrases or words - you know like
7. Expect others to always agree with you
8. Use informal words or phrases known only to a select group
9. Cut off feedback

Written Communication (information received in writing)

Effective Writing Tips

1. Ask yourself: "What am I trying to achieve by this communication?"
2. Use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation. "Text Speak"
3. Organize your communication logically
4. Get your point quickly. State your purpose I the first paragraph of your message
5. Make sure your message is clear, concise, courteous, complete and correct
6. Present data to support your request, conclusions, or recommended
7. Avoid use of slang words
8. Be clear about the feedback you want. Do you want a specific action or responses
9. Choose an appropriate written communication method. An email message may be
10. Proofread your text even if the spelling checker says there are no errors.
the faster method, but a written document may be better fit the circumstances.
Misspelled words and punctuation errors detract from your message and convey a
11. Ask others to review your work. It is difficult to spot errors in your own writing.
negative impression.

Netiquette

As mentioned in the previous texts, people are more involved now in virtual interactions
through the different social media platforms. This paved the way for a whole new culture
in communication, thus network etiquette or "netiquette” has become very important
since people tend to act or react differently these platforms. Mainly, netiquette is a set
of norms or rules on how people should behave in the cyber world. Compared to a
face-to-face communication, messages transported through social media are devoid of the
intensity and spontaneity of emotions that face-to-face communication has. As such,
people become more liberal and unguarded with the expression of their feelings and
thoughts and also, misinterpretation of messages is most likely to occur.

Since the cyber world is relatively new to us, pitfalls are bound to happen and most
probably, we might offend people without the intention of doing so or without us knowing
or believing and reacting to news that are inaccurately articulated or inappropriately
contextualized. Hence, it is important to have a basic knowledge on how to present the self
in the cyber world.

Email - A system for sending and receiving messages electronically over a computer
network

Proper use of email

1. Organize your thoughts
2. Use the subject line effectively
3. Keep the message brief and to the point
4. Be conscious of the tone
5. Be informal, not sloppy
6. Use short paragraphs and blank lines between each paragraph
7. Proofread the message before hitting send
8. Make sure attachments are attached
9. Include a signature block
10. Do not send inappropriate messages
11. Do not include usernames, passwords, credit card information or social security
Numbers

EMAIL ETIQUETTE

1. Respond quickly
2. Be considerate
3. Consider file size
4. Be sparing with group email
5. Do not send chain letters, virus warnings, or junk mail
6. Avoid using the "high priority" "urgent" and important flags
7. Avoid using abbreviations and emotions

Text Messaging - is a term for sending short messages from a mobile communication
device to another mobile communication device

1. Keep your messages brief

2. Be patient
3. Remember that text messages are not private
4. Text at appropriate times

*USING THE TELEPHONE EFFECTIVELY

1. Answer the call by the third ring

2. Project a tone that conveys enthusiasm, confidence, friendliness, and attentiveness
3. Be prepared to take notes
4. Ask permission before placing a caller on hold

Social Media - applications where people may create and share contents for possible
social networking

Do's and Don't's Across All Social Media Platforms

• Be careful with the comments and posts you make. Although, your social media
account is supposed to be a free wall for your thoughts and opinions, it is still
important to practice a sense of decency and respect among the people boarding
the virtual world. Your posts and comments that may be unwarranted may haunt
you back at the end. Deleting posts and comments does not entirely extinguish
them and consequences may be far more damaging than the candor you intend to
imply in your posts and comments. When posting about critical or sensitive issues,
be sure that you will be able to stand by what you believe in and back it up with
facts, in case there is someone who is also adamant to the views opposite to yours.
• Don't overshare. The fun of using social media is we get hold of people's
whereabouts, likes, activities and others and in return we get to share also part of
our lives. “Part of our lives" being the operative word here, there are things in life
that we ought to keep to ourselves. Privacy and confidentiality are not taken likely,
hence, the need to have the Data Privacy Law. Sharing too much in the social media
may give false representation of our lives.
• Don't take it personally when people don't react right away to your messages or
requests or react to your posts. The manner by how you make use of your social
media is not the same with how others use their accounts. Reciprocity should not
be demanded in social media.

CHAPTER 6

Everybody Should Know

LIFE SAVING SKILLS

Topic:
A. Emergency Preparedness
B. Basic Life Saving Skills

Learning Outcomes:
This chapter deals with things everybody should know in preparation for life. It includes
some emergency preparedness tips for typhoon, earthquake and a bomb threat. It also
includes some forms of life saving skills such as: performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR), helping someone who is choking, saving someone who is drowning, treating bleeding
and burns.
Length:
Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to:
1. prepare themselves for some emergency situations such as typhoon, earthquakes,
bomb threat.
2. perform basic lifesaving skills.

Description of Activity:

A. Students will be grouped. Each group will be asked to prepare a power point
presentation on emergency preparedness tips.
B. Discussion and video presentation and role playing of the different forms of life saving
skills.

Assignment:
• Present a power point presentation or actual demonstration on emergency preparedness tips
and lifesaving skills.

Springboard:
https://webroguecc.edu/safetysecurity/how-to-respondtoabomdthreatretrieved 1-14-19
https://www.ready.gov.earthquake
https://www.wikihow.com/DO-CPR-on-an-adults
https://wikihow.com/Treat-aconscious-chowking-Infant
https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remidies-forburns#see-a-doctor
https://www.lifejacketadvisor.com/how-to-save-someone-for-drowning/
hppts://www.typhoonmanila.weebly.com/typhoon-preparedness.html

A. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

Before a Typhoon hits

To prepare for a typhoon, you should take the following measures:

* To begin preparing, you should build an emergency kit and make a family
communications plan.
* Know your surroundings.
* Learn the elevation level of your property and whether the land is flood-prone.
This will help you know how your property will be affected when storm surge or
tidal flooding are forecast.
* Identify rivers and dams in your area and determine whether they pose a hazard to
you.
* Learn community typhoon evacuation routes and how to find higher ground,
Determine where you would go and how you would get there if you needed to
evacuate.
* Make plans to secure your property:
* Cover all of your home's windows. Permanent storm shutters offer the best
protection for windows. A second option is to board up windows with 5/8" marine
plywood, cut to fit and ready to install. Tape does not prevent windows from
breaking
* Install straps or additional clips to securely fasten your roof to the frame structure.
This will reduce roof damage.
* Be sure trees and shrubs around your home are well trimmed so they are more
wind resistant.
* Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.
* Reinforce your garage doors; if wind enters a garage it can cause dangerous and
expensive structural damage.
* Plan to bring in all outdoor furniture, decorations, garbage cans and anything else
that is not tied down.
* In a strong typhoon, A LOOSE OBJECT IS A MISSILE!
* Determine how and where to secure your boat.
* If in a high-rise building, be prepared take shelter on or below the 10th floor.

During a Typhoon

If a typhoon is likely in your area, you should:

* Listen to the radio or TV for information.

* Secure your home, close storm shutters and secure outdoor objects or bring them
indoors.
* Turn off utilities (electricity) if instructed to do so. Otherwise, turn the refrigerator
thermostat to its coldest setting and keep its doors closed.
* Turn off LPG tanks
* Avoid using the phone, except for serious emergencies.
* Ensure a supply of water for sanitary purpose such as cleaning and flushing toilets.
Fill the bathtub and other larger containers with water.
* Find out how to keep food safe during and after and emergency.

You should evacuate under the following conditions:

If you are directed by local authorities to do so. Be sure to follow their instructions,

If you live in a weak home or temporary structure - such shelter is particularly

hazardous during typhoon no matter how well fastened to the ground.

If you live in a high-rise building - typhoon winds are stronger at higher elevations.

Read more about evacuating yourself and your family. If you are unable to
evacuate, go to your wind-safe room. If you do not have one, follow these
guidelines:

* Stay indoors during the typhoon and away from windows and glass doors.
* Close all interior doors - secure and brace external doors.
* Keep curtains and blinds closed. Do not be fooled if there is a lull; it could be the eye
of the storm - winds will pick up again.
* Take refuge in a small interior room, closet or hallway on the lowest level.
* Lie on the floor under a table or another sturdy object.
* Avoid using elevators.

After a Typhoon passes...

* Continue listening to Radio or the local news for the latest updates.
* Stay alert for extended rainfall and subsequent flooding even after the Typhoon or
tropical storm has ended.
* If you have become separated from your family, use your family communications
plan or check the Emergency Numbers Plan
* If you evacuated, return home only when officials say it is safe.
* Drive only if necessary and avoid flooded roads and washed-out bridges.
* Stay off the streets. If you must go out watch for fallen objects; downed electrical
wires, and weakened walls, bridges, roads, and sidewalks.
* Keep away from loose or dangling power lines and report them immediately to the
power company.
* Walk carefully around outside your home and check for loose power lines, gas leaks
and structural damage before entering,
* Stay out of any building if you smell gas, floodwaters remain around the building or
your home was damaged by fire and the authorities have not declared it safe.
* Inspect your home for damage. Take pictures of damage, both of the building and
its contents, for insurance purposes. If you have any doubts about safety, have your
residence inspected by a qualified building inspector or structural engineer before
entering
* Use battery-powered flashlights in the dark. Do NOT use candles. Note: The
flashlight should be turned on outside before entering - the battery may produce a
spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.
* Watch your pets closely and keep them under your direct control. Watch out for
wild animals, especially poisonous snakes. Use a stick to poke through debris.
* Avoid drinking or preparing food with tap water until you are sure it's not
contaminated.
* Check refrigerated food for spoilage. If in doubt, throw it out.
* Wear protective clothing and be cautious when cleaning up to avoid injury.
* Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
* NEVER use a generator inside homes, garages, crawlspaces, sheds, or similar areas,
even when using fans or opening doors and windows for ventilation. Deadly levels
of carbon monoxide can quickly build up in these areas and can linger for hours,
even after the generator has shut off.

Bomb Threat

A bomb threat is defined as a threat to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to

cause property damage, death or injuries whether or not such device actually exist, all
bomb threats are to be taken seriously:

1. Remain calm.
2. Obtain as much information as possible from the caller and if possible note voice,
accent, gender, mood, background noises, exact words used, who the caller
represent and why the college is a target
3. Call Campus Security. Give your name and location.
4. Have someone notify the Emergency Preparedness Team of the School who will
assess the credibility of the threat and convene if the threat seems potentially
viable
5. Inform immediate dean/head of the department
6. If told to evacuate by campus authorities, follow evacuation procedures.
7. If a suspicious object is seen, report it to Campus Security. Do not touch or move it
8. Do not spread rumors.

Do not search for the explosive device or touch any unusual or suspicious objects.

Questions to Ask the Caller

1. When will the bomb explode?

2. Where is it?
3. What does it look like?
4. What kind of bomb is it?
5. What will cause it to explode?
6. Why was it placed in the building?
7. Did you place the bomb?
8. What is your name?

Observe the Caller

Try to identify the following about the caller:

1. Caller's gender
2. Approximate age
3. Voice characteristics, accents, etc. Is the voice familiar?
4. Background noises
5. Treat language-educated, incoherent, foul, taped, read, etc.

Suspicious Package/Mail

If you receive a suspicious package, letter, or object under any circumstances. Do not
touch it, tamper it, or move it. Report it to the proper authority.

► Earthquake tips: what to do before, during and after:

An earthquake is the sudden, rapid shaking of the earth, caused by the breaking and
shifting of underground rock. An earthquake can cause buildings to collapse heavy
items to fall, resulting in injuries and property damage. Earthquakes can:
1. Happen Anywhere
2. Happen without warning;
3. Cause fires and damage roads; and
4. Cause tsunamis, landslides, and avalanches

If an earthquake happens, protect yourself right away. Drop, Cover, then Hold on!
1. If in a vehicle, pull over and stop
2. If in bed, stay there
3. If outdoors, stay outdoors
4. Do not get in a doorway
5. Do not run outside

HOW TO STAY SAFE WHEN AN EARTHQUAKE THREATENS

PREPARE NOW
1. Secure items, such as televisions, and objects that hang on walls. Store heavy and
breakable objects on low shelves.
2. Practice Drop, Cover, then Hold On with family and coworkers. Drop to your hands
and knees. Cover your head and neck with your arms. Crawl only as far as needed
to reach cover from falling materials. Hold on to any sturdy furniture until the
shaking stops.
3. Create a family emergency communication plan that has an out-of-state contact.
Plan where to meet if you get separated.
4. Make a supply kit that includes enough food and water for at least three days, a
flashlight, a fire extinguisher, and a whistle. Consider each person's specific needs,
including medication. Do not forget the needs of pets. Have extra batteries and
charging devices for phones and other critical equipment.
5. Consider a retrofit of your building to correct structural issues that make it
vulnerable to collapse during an earthquake.

Survive DURING
1. Drop, Cover Then Hold On like you practiced. Drop to your hands and knees cover
your head and neck with your arms. Hold on to any sturdy furniture until the
shaking stops. Crawl only if you can reach better cover without going through an
area with more debris.
2. If in bed, stay there and cover your head and neck with a pillow.
3. If inside, stay there until the shaking stops. DO NOT run outside.
4. If in a vehicle, stop in a clear area that is away from buildings, trees, overpasses,
underpasses, or utility wires,
5. If you are in a high-rise building, expect fire alarms and sprinkles to go off. Do not
use elevators.
6. If near slopes, cliffs, or mountain, be alert for falling rocks and landslides.

Be Safe AFTER
1. Expect aftershocks to follow the largest shock of an earthquake.
2. Check yourself for injury and provide assistance to others if you have training.
3. If in a damaged building, go outside and quickly move away from the building.
4. Do not enter damaged buildings.
5. If you are trapped, cover your mouth. Send a text, bang on pipe or wall, or use a
whistle instead of shouting so that rescuers can locate you.
6. If you are in an area that may experience tsunamis, go inland or to higher ground
immediately after the shaking stops.
7. Save phone calls for emergencies.
8. Once safe, monitor local news report via battery operated ratio, TV, Social media
and cell phone text alerts for emergency information and instructions.
9. Use extreme caution during post-disaster clean-up of building an around debris.

A. BASIC LIFE SAVING SKILLS

> How to do Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) on an ADULT:

Preliminary Steps before Administering Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

1. Check the scene for immediate danger. Make sure you're not putting yourself in
harm's way by administering CPR to someone unconscious. Is there a fire? Is the
person lying on a roadway? Do whatever is necessary to move yourself and the
other person to safety.
* If there is anything that could endanger you or the victim, see whether there is
something you can do counteract it. Open a window, turn off the stove, or put
out the fire, if possible.
* However, if there is nothing you can do counteract the danger, move the victim.
The best way to move the victims is by placing a blanket or coat underneath
their back and dragging it.

2. Assess the victim's consciousness. Gently tap his or her shoulder and ask "Are
you OK?" in a loud, clear voice. If he or she responds agreement "YEAH" or such,
CPR is not required. Instead, undertake basic first aid and take measures to prevent
or treat shock, and assess whether you need to contact emergency services.
* If the victim does not respond, rub their sternum or pinch their earlob to see if
they respond. If they still don't react, check for a pulse on their neck or under
their thumb on the wrist.

3. Check for breathing. And make sure that the airway is not blocked. If the mouth
is closed, tilt their head back so it's open up. Remove any visible obstacle that is in
your reach but never push your fingers too far inside. Put your ear close to the
victim's nose and mouth, and listen for slight breathing. Watch for rising and falling
on the chest. If the victim is coughing or breathing normally, do not perform CPR.

Administering CPR:

If CPR is necessary follow this procedure:

1. Place the victim on his or her back. Make sure he or she or lying as flat as
possible this is to prevent injury while you're doing chest compressions. Tilt
their head back by using your palm against their forehead and push against
their chin.
2. Place the heel of one hand on the victim's breastbone, 2 finger-widths
above the meeting area of the lower ribs, exactly between the normal
position of the nipples.
3. Place your second hand on top of the first hand, palms-down, interlock the
fingers of the second hand between the first.
4. Position your body directly over your hand so that your arms are straight
and somewhat rigid. Don't flex the arms to push, but nearly lock your elbows,
and use your upper body strength to push.
5. Perform 30 chest compressions. Press down with both hands directly over
the breastbone to perform a compression, which helps the heart beat. Chest
compression are more critical for correcting abnormal heart rhythm
(ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, heart rapidly
quivering instead of beating.)
6. Give 2 rescue breaths. If you are trained in CPR and totally confident, give 2
rescue breaths after your 30 chest compression. Tilt their head and lift their
chin. Pinch their nostrils and administer 1-second breaths mouth-to-mouth.
* Make sure you breath slowly, as this will make sure the air goes in the lungs
and not the stomach.
* If the breath goes in, you should see the chest slightly rise and also feet it go
in. Give a second rescue breath.
* If the breath does not go in, re-position the head and try again.

How to Treat a Conscious Choking Infant

1. Notice if the infant is coughing or crying. If so, wait. The infant may expel the
foreign object he or she is choking on. Do not try to dislodge anything from the
baby's throat at this point as the attempt may just push the item down further.
Proceeds with steps to treating a choking infant only it is guaranteed the infant is
choking. This will be evident from the child not being able to breathe or cough. In
some instances, the infant may start to turn blue.
2. Call for emergency medical support.
3. Position the baby correctly. Begin by sitting down. Lay the baby on his or her
back along the length of your forearm. Make a baby sandwich by placing your
other arm over the baby's front. Hold the jaw between thumb and fingers. This is
very important step as it stabilizes the baby's head as you continue to carry out the
baby. Heimlich process, Flip the infant, in your arms, so he or she is now facing
downwards and resting on the forearm of the arm that was originally on top. Rest
the arm with the baby in it on your leg. To proceed, the baby's head should not be
the higher than his or her chest.
4. Begin back blows. Use the base of your palm to apply five blows to the infant's
back, right at the area between the shoulder blades. You should do this with a
decent amount of force.
5. Change the baby's position to begin chest compressions. Turn the baby back
over, so his or her head is facing upward again. Use the sandwich method describe
above. Make sure that your bottom hand is supporting the baby's head. Rest your
arm and the baby on your leg again, keeping his or her head lower than the chest.
6. Apply chest compression. Draw the imaginary line connecting the baby's nipples.
Place the tip of your ring finger on the center of the chest, just below where this line
crosses.
7. Repeat from the compressions and back thrusts until the child coughs,
breathes or falls unconscious. If the child becomes unconscious, proceed with
steps on caring for a choking infants that is unconscious.

Treating Major Burns:

When can you treat a burn at home?

When you burn your hand on a pan of cookies, spend too much time in the sun, or
pill hot coffee on your lap, burns are certainly not pleasant.

Unfortunately, burns are one of the most common household injuries.

Burns are categorized by their severity. A first-degree burn is considered the least
severe because it only affects the outer layer of skin. It usually causes mild pain,
redness, and swelling. Second-degree burns affect deeper layers of the skin and
cause blister and white, wet, and shiny skin. Third-degree burns involve damage to
all layers of the skin, while fourth-degree burns may involve the joints and bones.
Third-and fourth-degree burns are considered medical emergencies and should
only be treated in a hospital.

You can treat most first-degree burns and second-degree burns less than three
inches in diameter at home. Read on to learn which remedies are best for healing
your skin, and also which remedies should be avoided.

The best home remedies for burns

Mild burns typically take around a week or two to completely heal and usually don't
cause scarring. The goal of burns treatment is to reduce pain, prevent infection,
and heal the skin faster.

1. Cool Water - The first thing you should do when you get a minor burn is run
cool (not cold) water over the burn area for about 20 minutes. Then wash the
burned area with mild soap and water.
2. Cool compress - A cool compress or clean wet cloth placed over the burn area
helps relieve pain and swelling. You can apply the compress in 5-15-minutes
intervals. Try not use excessively cold compress because they irritate the burn
more.
3. Antibiotic ointments - Antibiotics ointment and cream help prevent infections.
Apply an antibacterial ointment like BACITRACIN or NEOSPORIN to your burn
and cover with cling film or a sterile, non-fluffy dressing or cloth.
4. Aloe vera - is often touted as the "burn plant". Studies show evidence that aloe
vera is effective in healing first-to second-degree burns. Aloe isanti-inflammatory, promotes
circulation, and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Apply a layer of pure aloe vera peltaken from the leaf of an aloe vera plant
directly to the affected arna. If you buy aloe vera in store, make sure it contain
a high percentage of aloe vera and avoid products that have additives, especially
coloring and perfumes

5. Honey just got sweeter. Apart from its delicious taste, honey may halphala
minor burn when applied topically Honey Is an anti-inflammatory and
naturally anti-bacteria and anti-fungal.
6. Reducing sun exposure - Do your best to avoid exposing the burn to direct
sunlight. The burned skin will be very sensitive to the sun. Keep it covered with
clothing
7. Don't pop your blisters - As tempting it may be leave your blister alone
Bursting a blister yourself can lead to infection. If you're worried about blister
that have formed due to your burn, see a medical professional.
8. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever - It you have pain, take an over-the-
counter pain reliever soch as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) or naproxen (Aleve). Be
sure to re the label for the correct dosage

Remedies to stay away from

Following comman home burn remedies should be avoided

1. Blutter. Don't use butter on a burn. There's little to no evidence supporting the
effectiveness of butter as a burn remedy. On top of that it may actually make
your burn wurse Butter retains heat and also may be harboring barmful
hacteria that can infect the burned skin. Save your butter for your bread.
2. Oils - Contrary to popular belief, coconut oil does not heal everything. For the
same reason why you shouldn't apply butter to your bums, oils, such as coconut
oil olive oil and cooking oils, hold heat in and can even cause the skin to
continue shown any benefit of using lavender oil to heal a burn
3. Egg whites - Another folk tale, uncooked egg whites carry a risk of bacterial
Infection and shouldn't be placed on a burn. Eggs can also cause an alleres
reaction
4. Toothpaste - Never apply toothpaste to a burn. This is another folk tale with a
evidence to back it up. Toothpaste could irritate the burn and create a mort
Lavorable environment for infection. Toothpaste isn't sterile
5. Ice and very cold water can actually irritate your burn area more. Ice even cause a cold burn if
used improperly

WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR

It is important to recognize when a burn can be treated at home and when you need to
seek medical care. You should seek help from a doctor if:

✓ Aburn affects a widespread area more than three inches in diameter

✓ The burn includes the face, hands, buttock, or groin area
✓ The wound becomes painful or smelly
✓ You develop a high temperature
You think you have a third-degree burn
If your last tetanus shot was more than 5 years ago

Third-degree burns should never be treated at home. They carry the risk of serious
complication, including infections, blood loss, and shock. Often referred to as a
“full-thickness burn,” a third-degree burn reaches underlying tissues and can even
damage the nerves.

Symptoms of third-degree burn include:

* Waxy, white-colored skin

* Char
* Dark brown color
* Raised and leathery texture
Burns caused by an electrical shock are also too risky for homer treatment. These
burns often reach layers under the skin and can even cause damage to internal tissues.
The internal damage may be worse than you expect. Don’t take your chances. Call
emergency hotline right away.

How To Save Someone Who’s Drowning:

Drowning is one of the most common causes of accidental death, especially among
children. If you’re not a skilled swimmer who knows how to swim with a possibly
flailing person, the most important thing to know is that swimming out to the person
should be the last resort. Family Doctor offers this mnemonic: “Reach, throw, row, go.”

6. Reach: If the person is near the edge of a pool or dock, lie flat on the ground and
try to reach the person. Use a tree branch, oar, towel, or shepherd’s hook to
lengthen your reach. If you have to get in the water and hold onto the pool edge or
dock while trying to reach the person.
2. Throw: Throw a safety ring, if available
3. Row: Get a boat (again, if one’s available)
4. Go: Swim out as the last resort. Bring a rescue safety ring, towel, or shirt with you
so you can tow the person in.

How To Treat Bleeding:

There are different kinds of bleeding, from minor scrape to the most dangerous type, arterial
bleeding. In either
case, your goal is to stop the bleeding as soon as possible
According to Mayo Clinic, after washing your hands and putting on gloves (if available:
a clean plastic bag could suffice), you should:

6. Have the person lie down and cover him or her with a blanket. Elevate the site of
bleeding.
2. Remove any obvious dirt or debris from the wound, but leave any large or
embedded objects.
3. Apply con ous pressure with a clean cloth or bandage for at least 20 minutes
without looking to see if the bleeding has stopped.
4. Add more gauze if you need to.
5. If the bleeding doesn’t stop, apply pressure to the artery: “Pressure points of the
arm are on the inside of the arm just above the elbow and just below the armpit.
Pressure points of the leg are just behind the knee and in the groin. Squeeze the
main artery in these areas against the bone. Keep your fingers flat. With your other
hand, continue to exert pressure on the wound itself.”
6. Leave the bandages in place and immobilize the injured body part once the
bleeding has stopped.

Activity
Suggested Activities
• Power point Presentation
• Role Playing

CHAPTER 7

Culminating Activities

Topic: Review of Social Arts 1 and Social Arts 2 Courses

Learning Outcomes:
This chapter deals with a summary of the activities that were undertaken in Social Arts 1
and Social Arts 2 courses.

Length:

Objective:
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to:
1. prepare an essay citing all the things that they have learned in Social Arts 1 and Social
Arts 2 courses

Description of Activity:
A review of all the activities taken in Social Arts 1 and Social Arts 2 courses will be
concluded. Students will be asked to write an essay entitled "Myself and SoA" where they have
to identify and cite everything they learned in Social Arts 1 and Social Arts 2 and how these
courses have prepared them to become a better student; a better person.

Assignment:
Write an essay entitled "Myself and SoA" in the Activity Sheet.

Springboard:
Social Arts Module 1
Social Arts Module 2