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Liver Cancer

The liver filters blood, removes toxins, and performs other important functions. It is susceptible to cancer spreading from other organs due to its blood supply. Primary liver cancer arises in the liver, while secondary liver cancer spreads from other organs. Several types of tumors can form in the liver, including both benign and cancerous types. Diagnostic tests on the patient showed increased liver enzymes and bone metastases of poorly differentiated carcinoma.

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Zhyraine Iraj D. Caluza
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365 views4 pages

Liver Cancer

The liver filters blood, removes toxins, and performs other important functions. It is susceptible to cancer spreading from other organs due to its blood supply. Primary liver cancer arises in the liver, while secondary liver cancer spreads from other organs. Several types of tumors can form in the liver, including both benign and cancerous types. Diagnostic tests on the patient showed increased liver enzymes and bone metastases of poorly differentiated carcinoma.

Uploaded by

Zhyraine Iraj D. Caluza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

The liver continuously filters blood that circulates through the body, converting nutrients and
drugs absorbed from the digestive tract into ready-to-use chemicals. The liver performs many
other important functions, such as removing toxins and other chemical waste products from the
blood and readying them for excretion. Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the
liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected
by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the
body and then spreads to the liver. Most liver cancer is secondary or metastatic, meaning it
started elsewhere in the body. Primary liver cancer, which starts in the liver, accounts for about
2% of cancers in the U.S., but up to half of all cancers in some undeveloped countries. This is
mainly due to the prevalence of hepatitis, caused by contagious viruses, that predisposes a person
to liver cancer. In the U.S., primary liver cancer strikes twice as many men as women, at an
average age of 67.
Because the liver is made up of several different types of cells, several types of tumors can form
there. Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other
parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently.
The outlook for health or recovery depends on what type of tumor you have.
The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the
diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds.
There are 2 distinct sources that supply blood to the liver, including the following:

 Oxygenated blood flows in from the hepatic artery


 Nutrient-rich blood flows in from the hepatic portal vein

The liver holds about one pint (13%) of the body's blood supply at any given moment. The liver
consists of 2 main lobes. Both are made up of 8 segments that consist of 1,000 lobules (small
lobes). These lobules are connected to small ducts (tubes) that connect with larger ducts to form
the common hepatic duct. The common hepatic duct transports the bile made by the liver cells to
the gallbladder and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) via the common bile duct.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

LIVER CANCER

DIAGNOSTIC AND LABORATORY FINDINGS


Blood Urea
0.2- 0.4 g/L 0.242 g/l normal
Nitrogen
Procedure Normal Values Actual Findings: Implications
Creatinine 6-12 mg/L 12.09 mg/l Increased
Ionized Calcium
Red Blood Cell 1.05 – 1.25
4.50 mmol/L
– 5.50 x 10 1.114.13
mmol/l normal
Decreased
̂12 /L
Potassium 3.5 – 5.1 mmol/L 4.1 normal.
Hematocrit 0.37 – 0.47 L 0.36 Decreased
ALT
Hemoglobin 110.00
3 – –36150.00
U/L g/l 96
40 Decreased.
Increased

White AST
Blood celles 4.50 – 10.00 x 10 4.6 normal
0 – 35 U/L
̂9 /L 37 Increased

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:
Hepatic serology was negative
Bone biopsy under CT scan and scintigraphy: bone metastases of poorly differentiated carcinoma
Immunolabeling:
Antibody anti-CK 7 : negative
Antibody Anti-RE : positive
Antibody Anti hercept : score 2 + inviting a control for in situ hybridization
IMPLICATION:

A. NURSING PRACTICE
This journal will equip the nurses to grasp and comprehend a deep understanding on the nature of
the disease in terms of the risk factors, signs and symptoms and management, to be able for them
to handle patients and to carry out appropriate nursing intervention in the realization of nursing
practice..
B. NURSING EDUCATION
This journal reading would help in sharing data or information about the disease condition. With
these, the students as well as the instructors would gain additional information about the disease
in order to be efficiently equipped in rendering nursing care in the future.
C. NURSING RESEARCH
This journal would help in the nursing research as a source of data for example, in tracking the
population of persons with this condition. This information would help in creating awareness on
the disease and the need for treatment, sharing important information on the early detection and
prevention of the disease condition.
CONCLUSION:
You will spend 5–10 days in hospital after a partial hepatectomy, and up to three weeks in
hospital following a transplant. If you have a laparoscopy, the recovery time is shorter – you may
be able to return to your usual activities within a week. Drips and drains are removed before you
leave hospital.
RECOMMENDATION
Medication
- Should be taken regularly as prescribed, strictly follow exact dosage, time, & frequency,
making sure that the patient and relatives fully understand the importance of taking
medications.
- Instruct patient and relatives to immediately report any side effects/adverse reactions.
Exercise
- Exercise at least 30 minutes daily.
- Should be promoted in a way by stretching all body parts every morning. Patient should
be encouraged to keep active through light exercises.
- Maintain rest periods in between activities.
Treatment
- Hemodialysis Treatment should still be followed. 2 x a week.

Out Patient
- Follow-up check-up as ordered by the physician should be greatly encouraged for the
patient to determine if his progression on treatment, and if he will have to continue on his
medications/treatments which were ordered during hospitalization.
- Come back 2x a week for hemodialysis.

Diet
- Increase fluid/water intake, should be 8 glasses/day.
- Healthy foods include fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads, low-fat dairy products,
beans, lean meats, and fish.
Spiritual
- Encourage family and friends to pray and remain by patients side.
- Encourage client to build a strong faith and intimacy with God through prayers.
- Encourage to attend mass and prayer sessions with family, for added emotional and
spiritual support.
- Advise to continue spiritual practices.\
UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGE
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO
LA UNION

CASE STUDY ON
LIVER CANCER

SUBMITTED BY:
JERVIN JOHN I. GAGARIN

SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. ELNORA UYSO, MAN, RN

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