Scribd
Upload
176 views

Color Image Processing

This document summarizes several color image processing concepts and color models. It discusses that color image processing has two main areas: full color and pseudo color. It also describes primary colors of light (RGB) and secondary colors (magenta, cyan, yellow). Common color models discussed include RGB, CMY, CMYK, HSI, and YIQ. The RGB model represents colors as combinations of red, green and blue and is used for color monitors and digital images. The CMY and CMYK models use color subtractive properties and are used in color printing. The HSI model represents how humans perceive color in terms of hue, saturation and intensity. Color models allow for standard representation and processing of color images.

Uploaded by

Brijesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
176 views

Color Image Processing

This document summarizes several color image processing concepts and color models. It discusses that color image processing has two main areas: full color and pseudo color. It also describes primary colors of light (RGB) and secondary colors (magenta, cyan, yellow). Common color models discussed include RGB, CMY, CMYK, HSI, and YIQ. The RGB model represents colors as combinations of red, green and blue and is used for color monitors and digital images. The CMY and CMYK models use color subtractive properties and are used in color printing. The HSI model represents how humans perceive color in terms of hue, saturation and intensity. Color models allow for standard representation and processing of color images.

Uploaded by

Brijesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Color Image Processing

Two major areas: full color and pseudo color


Color fundamentals
•Primary color of light: R, G, B
•Secondary color of light: magenta, cyan and yellow
•Pigment or colorant-subtract or absorbs a primary color
of light and reflect or transmit the other two
HIS model
•Chromaticity include hue and saturation
▪Hue: dominant color as perceived by a observer
▪Saturation:the relative purity or the amount of white light
▪mixed with a hue
primary color??
• The primary color is the one which absorbs a primary color and
reflects the other two.
• Mixing three primary colors or a secondary color with its opposite
primary color produces white light as shown in Fig.1.
• The primary colors can be added together to produce the
secondary colors – magenta, cyan and yellow as you can see in the
figure below-
factor or characteristic based on
which color can be distinguished
Brightness
This expresses the intensity or amount of the output.

Hue
As we know visible light has energy which is spread over a band of
wavelengths. Hue represents the dominant wavelength in a mixture
of all light waves.

It represents the dominant color as viewed by an observer.


Saturation
It shows the amount of white light mixed with the hue.

Hue and Saturation, together are called Chromaticity. Therefore, a


color may be characterized by its chromaticity and intensity.
Color Models
• The color model aims to facilitate the specifications of
colors in some standard way.
• Different types of color models are used in multiple
fields like in hardware, in multiple applications of
creating animation, etc.
• In Digital Image Processing, the hardware-oriented
models that are commonly used are the RGB model for
color monitors.
• CMY(cyan, magenta, yellow) and CMYK(cyan,
magenta, yellow, black) models are used for color
printing.
• HSI(hue, saturation, intensity) deals with colors as
humans interpret.
RGB Model
• In the RGB model, each color appears in its primary
components of red, green and blue. This model is
based on a Cartesian coordinate system as you can
see in fig.

Fig. RGB color cube


Application
• The RGB model is widely used in the
representation and display of images in electronic
systems like computers and televisions.
• It is also used in conventional photography as
well.
• Image scanner which scans images and converts
it to a digital image mostly supports RGB color.
• It is used in web graphics.
CMY Model
• This model contains the secondary colors. In this model,
any secondary color when passed through white light will
not reflect the color from which a combination of colors
is made.
• For example- when cyan is illuminated with white light,
no red light will be reflected from the surface which
means that the cyan subtracts the red light from the
reflected white light (which itself is composed of red,
green and white light).
inter-conversion of RGB and CMY
models

Input Image

C, M and Y components of an image


Application
• It is used in color printing as it uses colored
inks.
• It is used in most commercial printing like
magazines, books, etc.
HSI Model (Hue, Saturation, Intensity)
It is a very important and attractive color model because it represents the colors the same way as
the human eye senses colors.
Hue is a color component that describes a pure color (pure yellow, orange or red)
Saturation component represents the measure of the degree to which color is mixed with white
color.
0 degree – Red
120 degree – Green
240 degree – Blue
60 degree – Yellow
300 degree – Magenta
Intensity
Range is [0, 1]
0 means white HSI Model
1 means black
The angle from the red axis gives the Hue, the length of the vector is the saturation and the
intensity is given by the position of the plane on the vertical intensity axis.
The biggest application of this model is that it represents colors similarly to how the human eye
senses colors.
RGB to HSI Coversion
YIQ
YIQ (luminance-inphase-quadrature) is
Recoding of RGB for color television
Y  0.299 0.587 0.114   R 
 I  = 0.596 −0.274 −0.322  G 
    
Q   0.211 −0.523 0.312   B 

 R  1.0 0.956 0.621   Y 


G  = 1.0 −0.272 −0.647   I 
    
 B  1.0 −1.106 1.703  Q 

You might also like