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    Clinical Biochemistry Lab 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nael Noman
    This document provides information about measuring serum calcium levels including specimen collection and interfering factors. Approximately 50% of blood calcium is ionized and can be used by the body, while the rest is protein-bound. Protein levels affect total calcium as 50% is protein-bound, but do not change ionized calcium. Increased or decreased calcium levels can be caused by conditions like hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, and certain drugs. The procedure uses a colorimetric method to determine calcium concentration without deproteinization. Normal adult calcium levels range from 2.25-2.75 mmol/L.

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    Clinical Biochemistry Lab 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nael Noman
    85 views8 pages
    This document provides information about measuring serum calcium levels including specimen collection and interfering factors. Approximately 50% of blood calcium is ionized and can be used by the body, while the rest is protein-bound. Protein levels affect total calcium as 50% is protein-bound, but do not change ionized calcium. Increased or decreased calcium levels can be caused by conditions like hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, and certain drugs. The procedure uses a colorimetric method to determine calcium concentration without deproteinization. Normal adult calcium levels range from 2.25-2.75 mmol/L.

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    Clinical biochemistry lab 3.pdf

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    This document provides information about measuring serum calcium levels including specimen collection and interfering factors. Approximately 50% of blood calcium is ionized and can be used by the body, while the rest is protein-bound. Protein levels affect total calcium as 50% is protein-bound, but do not change ionized calcium. Increased or decreased calcium levels can be caused by conditions like hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, and certain drugs. The procedure uses a colorimetric method to determine calcium concentration without deproteinization. Normal adult calcium levels range from 2.25-2.75 mmol/L.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views8 pages

    Clinical Biochemistry Lab 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nael Noman
    This document provides information about measuring serum calcium levels including specimen collection and interfering factors. Approximately 50% of blood calcium is ionized and can be used by the body, while the rest is protein-bound. Protein levels affect total calcium as 50% is protein-bound, but do not change ionized calcium. Increased or decreased calcium levels can be caused by conditions like hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, and certain drugs. The procedure uses a colorimetric method to determine calcium concentration without deproteinization. Normal adult calcium levels range from 2.25-2.75 mmol/L.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Biochemistry Lab

    College of Pharmacy

    Serum calcium measurement

    MSc pure Biochemistry - Ahmed Kareem Thamer


    Serum calcium

    the bulk of body calcium (98-99%) is found in the skeleton and teeth .
    about 50% of blood calcium in ionized, the rest is protien -bound .Only ionized
    calcium can be used by the body in vital processes and muscular contraction ,
    cardiac function, transmission of nerve impuless and blood clotting.
    the amount of protien in blood also effects calcium levels, becouse 50% of blood
    calcium is protien bound , however , ionized form of calcium is not affected
    Parathyroid hormone calcitonin, vitamin D ,estrogens, androgens,carbohydrates
    and lactose and protien (albumin) all are factors that could influence
    calcium levels.
    Specimen
    -Obtain 5 ml venous blood sample to get serum for calcium estimation
    -Heparinized plasma is perferred for ionized calcium studies (EDTA or oxalate
    cause decreased calcium levels)
    -Avoide prolonged tourniquet use ( otherwise falsely high calcium levels).

    Inerfering Factors
    -Vitamin D intoxication may cause increased serum calcium levels.
    -Excessive ingestion of milk may increased level.
    -serum pH can effect calcium levels .A decrease in pH causes increased calcium
    levels.
    -Hypoalbuminimia artifactually associated whith decreased levels of total calcium
    -Drug that my cause increasd serum levels include:-
    calicum salt , hydralazine,thiazide diureties parathyroid hormone , thyroid
    hormone , alkaline antacids ergocalciferol androgens and vitamine D
    -Drug that my cause decreasd serum levels include:-
    asprine , corticosteroids heparine , laxatives , anticonvulsants , loop diuretics Mg
    salts estrogen and oral contracepives
    Abnormal Findings
    Increased levels ( hypercalcemia) Decreased levels (hyocalcemia)
    Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparthyroidism
    .Metastatic tumor to the bone .Renal failure
    .pagets disease of bone .Rickets
    .Prolonged immobilization .Vit-D deficiency
    .Milk-alkali syndrome .Osteomalacia
    .Vitamine -D intoxication .Malabsorption
    .Lymphoma .Pancrcatitis
    .Addisons disease .Fat embolism
    .Hyperthyroidsm .Alkalosis
    . Hyperparathyroidism secondary to
    renal failure
    Principle
    Colormeteic determination of calcium without deproteinization using o-cresol
    phthalein complex . Interference due to Mg+2 is eliminaed by β-hydroxyquinoline (
    up to 4 mmlo/l 0.10 mg/l)

    Procedure:

    Blank Std. Sample


    Sample - - 20μl
    Reagent 1( std) - 20μl -
    Working solution 1 ml 1 ml 1 ml
    ( R2+R3)

    Mix . read absorbance after 5 mm .at 572 nm against blank .the color intensity is
    Stable for 1 hour.
    Normal Values
    Children : 3.9 yr : 2.2-2.7 mmlo/l (8.8-10.1 mg/dl)
    13-15 yr : 2.10-2.55 mmol/l (9.2-10.7 mg/dl)

    Adult: 2.25-2.75 mmol/l (8.4-10.2 mg/dl)

    CALCULATIONS

    (A) sample x 10 (conc. std.) = mg/dL calcium


    (A) std.
    The report questions
    1-What is the role of the protein in the increase and decrease in calcium levels
    2-Use plastic tube rather than glass tube in this experience? Why
    3-what is the Ionized Calcium? Why Do I Need an Ionized Calcium
    4-What is the relationship between serum calcium and Hypoparthyroidism ?
    5-What do you mean the result of calcium test
    6-What are the critical values the level of calcium in the blood

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