An ERM is dependent on the database type.

ANS: F
. The word “entity” in the ER model corresponds to a table.
ANS: T
The Crow’s Foot model is less implementation-oriented than the Chen model.
ANS: F
The ER diagram represents the conceptual database as viewed by the end user.
ANS: T
The ER model refers to a specific table row as an entity instance.
ANS: T
In both the Chen and Crow’s Foot models, an entity is represented with a rectangle containing the entity’s
name.
ANS: T
The ER model refers to a specific table row as an entity occurrence.
ANS: T
Attributes are types of entities.
ANS: F
In the original Chen model, each attribute is represented using an oval with the attribute name connected to
the entity with a line.
ANS: T
Software vendors have adopted the Chen representation because of its compact representation.
ANS
Attributes have a domain that specifies the data type of the attribute.
ANS: F
Attributes cannot share a domain.
ANS: F
. In an ER diagram, primary keys are usually bolded.
ANS: F
Ideally, a primary key is composed of several attributes.
ANS: F
A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute.
ANS: T
All attributes are either simple or composite.
ANS: T
All simple attributes are also single-valued.
ANS: F
In the Chen model, a multivalued attribute is connected to the owning entity with a double line.
ANS: T
The DBMS can easily handle multivalued attributes.
ANS: F
Derived attributes are stored in a special database table.
ANS: F
A relationship is identified by a name that describes the relationship.
ANS: T
Cardinality expresses the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one
occurrence of the related entity.
ANS: T
In Chen notation, there is no way to represent cardinality
.ANS: F
Connectivities and cardinalities are established by business rules.
ANS: T
A weak relationship exists if the primary key of the related entity contains at least one primary key
component of the parent entity
ANS: F
You should always load data from the 1 side of a 1:M relationship.
ANS: T
A weak entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the
relationship
ANS: T
The existence of a mandatory relationship indicates that the minimum cardinality is 0 or 1 for the
mandatory entity.
ANS: F

The entity relationship model (ERM) is dependent on the database type. (T/F)
False
The Crow's Foot notation is less implementation-oriented than the Chen notation.(T/F)
False
An entity in the entity relationship model corresponds to a table in the relational
environment.(T/F)
True
In the entity relationship model, a table row corresponds to an entity instance.(T/F)
True
In the Chen and Crow's Foot notations, an entity is represented with a rectangle
containing the entity's name.(T/F)
True
In the original Chen notation, each attribute is represented by an oval with the attribute
name connected to an entity rectangle with a line.(T/F)
True
Software vendors have adopted the Chen representation because of its compact
representation.(T/F)
False
A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute.(T/F)
True
The Crow's Foot notation easily identifies multivalued attributes.(T/F)
False
Composite attributes make it easier to facilitate detailed queries.(T/F)
False

The practical significance of taking the logical view of a database is that it

serves as a reminder of the simple file concept of data storage. True
You can think of a table as a persistent representation of a logical relation. True
Because the relational model uses attribute values to establish relationships False
among tables, many database users correctly assume that the term relation
refers to such relationships.
The order of the rows and columns is important to the DBMS. False
Numeric data are data on which you can perform meaningful arithmetic
procedures. True
Character data can contain any character or symbol intended for mathematical
manipulation. False
Each table in a relational database must have a primary key. True
A proper understanding of the concept and use of keys in a relational database
model is very important. True
If A determines B, C, and D, you write A = B, C, D. False
Only a single attribute, not multiple attributes, defines functional dependence. False
If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on
any subset of that composite key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally
dependent on (A). True
A null is created when you press the Enter key or the Tab key to move to the
next entry without making a prior entry of any kind. True
There is never a good reason to use null values in a database. False
Depending on the sophistication of the application development software, nulls
can create problems when functions such as COUNT, AVERAGE, and SUM
are used. True
Tables within a database share common attributes that enable the tables to be
linked together. True
A foreign key must exist in both tables that have a relationship. False
All RDBMSs enforce integrity rules automatically. False
Referential and entity integrity are two names for the same thing. False
Tables must have the same attribute characteristics (the columns and domains
must be identical) to be used in a UNION. True
The DIFFERENCE operator subtracts one table from the other. True
The SELECT operator yields a vertical subset of a table. False
In a natural join, the column on which the join was made occurs twice in the
new table. False
A left outer join on tables CUSTOMER and AGENT yields all of the rows in the True
CUSTOMER table, including those that do not have a matching value in the
AGENT table.
The DIVIDE operation uses one single-column table (i.e. column "a") as the
divisor and one two-column table (i.e. columns "a" and "b") as the dividend. True
A data dictionary contains metadata—data about data. True
A data dictionary is sometimes described as "the database designer’s
database" because it records the design decisions about tables and their
structures. True
Current relational database software generally provides only a system catalog
(and not a data dictionary). True
The one-to-many (1:M) relationship is easily implemented in the relational
model by putting the foreign key of the "1" side in the table of the "many" side
as a primary key. False
As rare as 1:1 relationships should be, certain conditions absolutely require
their use. True
DBMSs use indexes for many different purposes. True
____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an
assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false.
a. Predicate
b. Database
c. Relational
d. Index a. Predicate
The relational database model enables you to view data ____ rather than
____.
a. relationally, hierarchically
b. hierarchically, relationally
c. physically, logically d. logically,
d. logically, physically physically
The relational model’s creator, E. F. Codd, used the term relation as a
synonym for ____.
a. index
b. key
c. table
d. reationship c. table
A(n) ____ is perceived as a two-dimensional structure composed of rows and
columns.
a. table
b. rowset
c. attribute
d. intersection a. table
Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the
____ date format.
a. Epoch
b. Calendar
c. Julian
d. logical c. Julian
____ data can have only a true or false (yes or no) condition.
a. Logical
b. Character
c. Date
d. Numeric a. Logical
In the relational model, ____ are important because they are used to ensure
that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.
a. relations
b. keys
c. indexes
d. logical structures b. keys
In the context of a database table, the statement "A ____ B" indicates that if
you know the value of attribute A, you can look up the value of attribute B.
a. contains
b. is related to
c. owns
d. determines d. determines
The attribute B is ____ the attribute A if each value in column A determines
one and only one value in column B.
a. logically dependent on
b. owned by
c. determined by d. functionally
d. functionally dependent on dependent on
Any attribute that is part of a key is known as a ____.
a. key attribute
b. logical attribute
c. key determiner
d. selector a. key attribute
If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on
any subset of that ____ key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally dependent on
(A).
a. foreign
b. unique
c. composite
d. complete c. composite
A ____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row. a. superkey
a. superkey
b. special
c. selective
d. candidate
No data entry at all is known as a(n) ____.
a. nil
b. null
c. empty
d. zero b. null
Controlled ____ makes a relational database work.
a. relations
b. logic
c. chaos
d. redundancy d. redundancy
A ____ is a textual representation of the database tables where each table is
listed by its name followed by the list of its attributes in parentheses.
a. relational dictionary
b. logical schema
c. relational schema c. relational
d. data dictionary schema
In the following table description, ____ is the primary key.
PRODUCT (PROD_CODE, PROD_DESCRIPT, PROD_PRICE,
PROD_ON_HAND, VEND_CODE)
a. PROD_DESCRIPT
b. PROD_CODE
c. PROD_PRICE
d. PROD_ON_HAND b. PROD_CODE
Referential ____ means that if the foreign key contains a value, that value
refers to an existing valid tuple (row) in another relation.
a. integrity
b. uniqueness
c. direction
d. relations a. integrity
A ____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.
a. lookup
b. foreign
c. candidate
d. secondary d. secondary
A ____ key is a minimal (irreducible) superkey. b. candidate
a. secondary
b. candidate
c. primary
d. foreign
All primary key entries are unique, and no part of a primary key may be ____.
a. zero
b. a foreign key
c. null
d. a candidate key c. null
A CUSTOMER table’s primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary
key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example
of ____ integrity.
a. entity
b. referential
c. complete
d. null a. entity
The ____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the
table has a value for that column.
a. HAS VALUE
b. NOT NULL
c. MUST HAVE VALUE
d. NOT EMPTY b. NOT NUL
To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key
relational operators ____, PROJECT, and JOIN.
a. INTERSECT
b. UNION
c. DIFFERENCE
d. SELECT d. SELECT
____ combines all rows from two tables, excluding duplicate rows.
a. INTERSECT
b. UNION
c. DIFFERENCE
d. SELECT b. UNION
____ yields only the rows that appear in both tables.
a. INTERSECT
b. UNION
c. DIFFERENCE
d. SELECT a. INTERSECT
____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that
satisfy a given condition.
a. INTERSECT
b. UNION
c. DIFFERENCE
d. SELECT d. SELECT
____ yields a vertical subset of a table.
a. PROJECT
b. SELECT
c. UNION
d. DIFFERENCE a. PROJECT
A(n) ____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in
their common attribute(s).
a. equal
b. unique
c. foreign
d. natural d. natural
The equijoin takes its name from the comparison operator ____ used in the
condition.
a. *
b. <
c. =
d. > c. =
In an outer join, the matched pairs would be retained and any unmatched
values in the other table would be left ____.
a. in another table
b. null
c. out of the results
d. with matching values from the original table b. null
A ____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each
table in the system.
a. data dictionary
b. relational schema
c. logical schema
d. join a. data dictionary
The ____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the
user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.
a. meta dictionary
b. schema
c. data dictionary d. system
d. system catalog catalog
In a database context, the word ____ indicates the use of the same attribute
name to label different attributes.
a. redundancy
b. homonym
c. duplicate
d. synonym b. homonym
In a database context, a(n) ____ indicates the use of different names to c. synonym
describe the same attribute.
a. entity
b. duplicate
c. synonym
d. homonym
____ relational type is the "relational ideal."
a. 1:1
b. 1:M
c. M:1
d. M:N b. 1:M
The ____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.
a. 1:1
b. 1:M
c. M:1
d. M:N a. 1:1
Since it is used to link the tables that originally were related in a M:N
relationship, the composite entity structure includes—as foreign keys—at least
the ____ keys of the tables that are to be linked.
a. composite
b. super
c. primary
d. unique c. primary
A(n) ____ is an ordered arrangement of keys and pointers.
a. table
b. superkey
c. relationship
d. index d. index
When you define a table’s primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n)
____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.
a. key
b. incomplete
c. unique
d. primary c. unique
Codd’s rule of ____ states:
Application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when
changes are made to the table structures that preserve the original table values
(changing order of column or inserting columns).
a. Nonsubversion
b. Logical Data Independence
c. Comprehensive Data Sublanguage b. Logical Data
d. Integrity Independence Independence
The logical view of the relational database is facilitated by the creation of data relation
relationships based on a logical construct known as a(n)
____________________.
In the relational model, ____________________ are important because they
are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. keys
Attribute A determines attribute B (that is, B is functionally
____________________ on A) if all of the rows in the table that agree in value
for attribute A also agree in value for attribute B. dependent
A(n) ____________________ key can be described as a superkey without
unnecessary attributes. candidate
If the foreign key contains either matching values or nulls, the table that makes
use of that foreign key is said to exhibit ____________________ integrity referential
The following example exhibits ____________________ integrity:
The CUSTOMER table’s primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary
key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. Similarly, the
AGENT table’s primary key is AGENT_CODE, and this primary key column
also is free of null entries. entity
To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as
____________________, to indicate the absence of some value. flags
The relational operators have the property of ____________________; that is,
the use of relational algebra operators on existing tables (relations) produces
new relations. closure
PRODUCT yields all possible pairs of rows from two tables—also known as the
____________________ product. Cartesian
____________________ is the real power behind the relational database,
allowing the use of independent tables linked by common attributes. JOIN
A(n) ____________________ links tables on the basis of an equality condition
that compares specified columns of each table. equijoin
____________________ joins are especially useful when you are trying to
determine what value(s) in related tables cause(s) referential integrity
problems. Outer
A(n) ____________________ provides a detailed description of all tables
found within the user/designer-created database. data dictionary
The ____________________ catalog can be described as a detailed system
data dictionary that describes all objects within the database, including data
about table names, the table’s creator and creation date, the number of
columns in each table, the data type corresponding to each column, index
filenames, index creators, authorized users, and access privileges. system
 The ____________________ relationship is the relational database norm. 1:M
If one department chair—a professor—can chair only one department and one
department can have only one department chair, then the entities
PROFESSOR and DEPARTMENT exhibit a(n) ____________________
relationship. 1:1
____________________ relationships can be implemented by creating a new
entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities. M:N
Fortunately, the problems inherent in the ____________________ relationship
can easily be avoided by creating a composite entity. many-to-many
The proper use of ____________________ keys is crucial to controlling data
redundancy. foreign
Proper data ____________________ design requires carefully defined and
controlled data redundancies to function properly. warehousing
A(n) ____________________ is an orderly arrangement used to logically
access rows in a table. index
A(n) ____________________ index is an index in which the index key can
have only one pointer value (row) associated with it. unique
The index key can have multiple attributes, this is called a(n)
____________________ index. composite
Codd’s rule of ____________________ states that every value in a table is
guaranteed to be accessible through a combination of table name, primary key Guaranteed
value, and column name. Access

A data model is usually graphical.

True
The terms data model and database model are often used interchangeably.
True
An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure
that will store the end-user data.
True
Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures with the
purpose of supporting a specific problem domain.
True

Data modeling starts with a very complex representation, and as knowledge of the
problem is gained, the model is simplified.
False
A manager and a programmer usually have the same view of the same data.
False
Database designers determine the data and information that yield the required
understanding of the entire business.
False
Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of
organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.
False
Business rules must be rendered in writing.
True
In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on another.
False

An implementation-ready data model needn't necessarily contain enforceable rules to

guarantee the integrity of the data.(T/F)
False
An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure
that will store the end-user data.(T/F)
True
Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures with the
purpose of supporting a specific problem domain.(T/F)
True
Even when a good database blueprint is available, an applications programmer's view
of the data should match that of the manager and the end user.(T/F)
False
In the context of data models, an entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which
data will be collected and stored.(T/F)
True
Database designers determine the data and information that yield the required
understanding of the entire business.(T/F)
False
Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of
organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.(T/F)
False
Business rules must be rendered in writing.(T/F)
True
A disadvantage of the relational database management system (RDBMS) is its inability
to hide the complexities of the relational model from the user.(T/F)
False

An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure

that will store the end-user data.
True
Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures with the
purpose of supporting a specific problem domain.
True
Data modeling starts with a very complex representation, and as knowledge of the
problem is gained, the model is simplified.
False
A manager and a programmer usually have the same view of the same data.
False
Database designers determine the data and information that yield the required
understanding of the entire business.
False
Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of
organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.
False
Business rules must be rendered in writing.
True
In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on another.
False

1. Data and information are essentially the same thing.(T/F)

False
Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.(T/F)
True
. Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.(T/F)
False
When data are entered into a form and saved, they are placed in the underlying
database as knowledge.(T/F)
False
Data constitute the building blocks of information(T/F)
True
Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the
data found within the database.(T/F)
True
The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS.(T/F)
True
Database programming languages receive all application requests and translate them
into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests.(T/F)
False
The DBMS reveals much of the database's internal complexity to the application
programs and users.(T/F)
False
One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security breaches.
(T/F)
False

Metadata present a more complete picture of the data in the database than the data itself.
'True'.
Data and information are essentially the same thing.
'False'.
The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS
'True'.
One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.
'True'.
A ____ is a collection of related records.
File
Historically, a manual file system was composed of a system of file folders and filing cabinets.
'True'
Corporations use only structured data.
'False'.