Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Development of Automated Grid Monitoring and

Control System Using IoT: A Review
¹Annasab Sheetal Patil, ²Deeksha N Jain, ³Bhavana C S, ⁴Komala G P, ⁵Prof Poornima B
Department of Electronics and Communication Atria Institute of Technology, Bangalore

Abstract:- There is a rapid growth in Smart Grid and stations plays a major role in contributing to the network
Internet of Things (IOT) technologies in the recent days. complexities, energy flow monitoring of the grid becomes
IOT is a connection of network of physical objects with the important. The collecting, storing and processing the detailed
internet through sensors and other technologies using any information in the operation of the grid are done by the
service. Smart Grid is a data communication network monitoring system. The grid can be controlled and managed
which is incorporated with the power grid to assemble using the results of processing in which some of the control
and study data that are gathered from transmission lines, tasks can be either automated or manually operated.
distribution substations, and consumers. IOT is widely
used in smart energy monitoring and controlling, Smart grid generally refers to a highly integrated power-
automation in industries, and a variety of applications. based grid having the capability of distinguishing the
IOT devices are used to monitor and control grid different types of powers such as wind power, solar power,
parameters for steady and useful power delivery at hydropower etc. It is a combination of remote-control
various stages of smart grid. These technologies, when technology of computer, physical grid, and wireless
used in combination offer energy optimization and user measurement technology. The major problem in smart grid
friendliness in terms of monitoring and controlling of technology is to synchronize the user generated power with
electronic devices. Although IOT incorporation in the electric utility supplier to enable the bidirectional flow of
Smart grid domain contributes lots of service, the threats power in the transmission lines.
needs to be solved for the efficient use of the grid. An
extensive survey of IOT based Smart Grid environments Power grid is a system which distributes electric power
to provide effective solutions to these threats is done in which is generated by several sources through various
this paper. The software solutions, challenges such as stations using transmission lines. The failure in power grids
stability in connection, communication, cost and due to fluctuating voltages or improper maintenance in one
information privacy and security is also discussed system leads to breakdown in the adjacent systems which
broadly. would lead to a great economic loss. The process of fixing
would require manual repairing or switching operation from
Keywords:- IOT, Smart Grid, Monitoring, GSM Modem, the main system to an alternative system. This would require
Sensors. an automated process to avoid causalities and health issues
since the workers deal with high voltages and radiations while
I. INTRODUCTION fixing the issues. The proposed system is designed to perform
multiple operations such as monitoring voltage, current,
While the era of variation in electricity supply is long temperature and humidity using various sensors which is
blown in many industrialized nations of the world, still many recorded in a computerized device. Also, it includes
developing countries suffer slowdowns emerging from unmanned switching of load between two different sources
constant power losses. Without a consequent challenge when one system fails.
associated with manual changeover, the plan of alternative
power source would haven’t bought success. Due to various reasons the Primary Transformer breaks
down so, Switching Operation has to be done between
In many developing countries, there is a need for Primary and Secondary Transformers (Back-up) for the
automation of electrical power generations or alternative transmission of electric power to continue. The Switching
power sources to back up the utility supply due to uncertainty Operations are done manually which are having various
in power supply. This automation is needed as there is a high Health Hazards to people working there due to High
rate of power outages. Smart electrical power distribution grids Radiations, Voltage and Frequency. Automation is necessary
has become fast developing field. Smart grids when in order to prevent dangers and also to predict the problems
implemented, there will be more efficient energy transmission, and the possibility of Break down in advance.
fast recovery of power after failure, combination of renewable
energy sources, reduction in cost of management and service
for utility companies. The existence of developed system for
monitoring real time data of the grid helps to attain all those
benefits. As the distribution in energy production from
renewable sources like solar and wind power generation

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. LITERATURE SURVEY ON SMART GRID network. A relay is operated as a circuit breaker to switch off
the main electrical supply. SMS messages can be sent using
Obasi , Chijioke Chukwuemeka , Olufemi Babajide commands to read the remote electrical parameters and also
Odeyinde John Junior Agidani ,Victor Onyedikachi Ibiam1 the real time electrical parameters are sent automatically in
Ubadike , Chiedu Osichinaka[1] have proposed a work on the form of SMS. Whenever the predefined values of the
design , construction and implementation of power voltage or current exceeds, this system sends the SMS alerts.
changeover system. The purpose of this paper is to reduce This system was designed in such a way that the devices can
maintenance cost and to limit the utilization of the generator's be observed and also be managed using mobile phone
utilities like fuel where the power outage lasts for a long time. connected to GSM model. This claims that the system design
In the design and construction of the system, Modular have some power quality problems which makes the voltage,
division and push button methodology was adopted. current or temperature to peak against the distribution
AT89S52 microcontroller was used in this implementation in transformer which makes it more robust. Hence the proposed
which the control program running in its memory. For system have made the distribution more stable, dependable
choosing the different modes and functions, the four push and effective by mains.
button switches was used. This automated technology will
also increase some intelligence to power changeover Trupti Sudhakar Somkuwar , Mahesh. G Panjwani[5]
automatically by allowing user to choose the mode that they have proposed a work using wireless sensor network (WSN)
want their automatic systems to operate on. The proposed for controlling and monitoring of the electrical distribution
system has upgraded the existing automation and human line which is capable of cost efficient monitoring[5]. The aim
operated power changeover. of this paper is to control and monitor the power transmission
line and also to detect the failure node in the power supply.
D Gavrilov , M Gouzman , S Luryi[2] have proposed a The system consist of RF transreceiver module in which the
work on simultaneous function of estimating the power grid information can be transmitted and received between the
operation. This paper focuses on the smart power grid central server and poles, Atmega16 microcontroller module,
monitoring in real time in which complete information electrically operated relays, power supply. In this system,
regarding the power flow in the network is required. In this, message of power failure is sent to the monitoring station
dense sensor network was implemented to collect and process through RF transreceiver which conveys the detailed
the real time data in large scale which helps to frame the map information of the node to the concern lineman using GSM
of the grid. This proposed grid monitoring utilizes a dense model via SMS with the faulty line pole location from central
network of low cost sensors installed at each branching point server which in turn provides better support to the customers
of the power line. The measurement of RMS current and also reduce time.
periodically and phase shift between the current and voltage is
obtained in the conductor using sensors. In order to attain Sholeh Hadi Praman,Sapriesty Nainy Sari,Eka
global time synchronization for estimation of all the required Maulana[6] have proposed a work on PV based smart grid
parameter by monitoring abnormalities of the electromagnetic system for protection and monitoring the electric power
field around conductors, every sensor is fitted with GPS usage.
receivers.
This system also emphasize on power protection to the
Ali Azizi , Saeed Peyghami , Hossein Mokhtari , Frede load by disconnecting the load from the power supply when
Blaabjerg[3] proposed a work on autonomous and distributed the power supplied exceeds the conditions of the power using
power sharing and energy management method for DC relay module. The current and voltage data can be monitored
microgrids without utilizing communication systems. This on load using sensors. In this study of method, ATmega328p
paper proposes a steady operation and a cost effective solution Microcontroller is used as data (current, voltage, power)
for DC microgrids. Therefore, both generations and loads processor which stores the data in its memory card. ESP8266
should be operated appropriately. Here, an Energy Supporting wifi module is used which can be access to monitor sensor
and Consumption (ESC) priority is introduced to upgrade via internet through thingspeak.com web service and
systems performance. Moreover, following the intended Thingview application.
control action, the power flow to an empty battery from a full
battery can be avoided and the SOC (State of Charge) level of Mr.Rohit Prakash ,Mr Aniket Jambukar[7] have
batteries can properly be adjusted. Therefore, the batteries life proposed a work on Smart Grid Technology for Intelligent
cycle and the performance of the entire system can be Power Use. This paper focuses on implementation of smart
increased. This system proposes a plug and play capability to grid which have advanced capabilities of sensing, controlling
the microgrid by utilizing each battery unit based on its control and communication into the present power grids at both
system and voltage information. transmission and distribution levels. This proposed system
gives design view of smart grid implementation that helps to
Amit Sachan[4] proposed a work on monitoring and resolve all the problems faced by the current power grids. This
controlling of smart grid using automated embedded system. work conveys that the real time monitoring and control of
The purpose of this paper is to acquire the remote electrical power station is enabled by the smart grid. Power outages due
parameters like voltage, current and frequency from smart to bad weather or sudden changes in the electricity demand can
grid and send these real time data along with temperature at be monitored using smart grid distribution intelligence by
power station with the help of GSM modem/phone over GSM identifying problems, rerouting and restoring power delivery

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
automatically. III. LITERATURE SURVEY ON INTERNET OF
THINGS (IOT)
This system includes installation of smart meters at
consumer side which would control and monitor the data and SS Nagendra Kumar ,S Koteswara Rao, M Suresh Raju,
energy consumption and also it sends the data wirelessly S Trimurthulu , K Shivaji, T Ram Manohar Reddy[10] have
through the internet, and data centres which will monitor the proposed a work on smart grid monitoring and control ,
energy consumption makes decision about increasing or detection of power theft using IOT technology .Smart grid
decreasing electricity generation. Therefore this real time which is advance compared to the electric grid will be
information helps operators to locate power failure or avoid digitally monitored and spot the changes occurring in it. The
overheating power lines. data transfer between sending and receiving end and
controlling is achieved with the help of Raspberry Pi through
Goran H.Ismail ,Bilal A.Mubdir,Asso R.Majeed and cloud. Raspberry Pi has a wireless connection with every
Asaad M.Jassim Al-Hindawi[8] have proposed a work on smart meters which consists of Arduino Uno and Zigbee. This
Monitoring and Controlling Electric Power Stations (power system also monitor the daily usage of electricity through
generation station, substation) and control center by utilizing internet which in turn helps the consumers to manage the
a current GSM infrastructure . energy use. It includes two way communication where the
information are exchanged by the utility and consumers to
This proposed system includes electrical station unit achieve maximum efficiency. This proved system also
which was aimed to be induct in the power station. This unit focuses on the power theft by detecting the area. Through
collects and process the sensor values are sent for monitoring. VAR acquisition, the location of the power theft can be
To monitor the fields a selected programmable logic identified and monitored with the help of the smart meters
controller (PLC) is connected, reads the changes in the and smart transformers.
electrical parameter measurements and monitors it based on
which the PLC is programmed and sends the text message to Fatima Alhebsi,Heba Alnabilsi ,Jauhra
the control centre. It also includes control centre unit which is Alzebaidi,Ahmed Bensenouci,Tayeb Brahimi, Mohamed-
responsible for monitoring, consists of Human machine Amine Bensenouci[11] have proposed a work on monitoring
interface (HMI) which was designed using GSM modem and the functioning of transmission lines in a smart grid using IoT
an application built based on visual basic open source technology. The monitoring of transmission lines system is
platform that helps to monitor the readings that are obtained explored which helps for better efficiency and performance in
from the power station. In this work, a simple communication large scale by implementing IOT technology. The
link is used as SMS service for monitoring and control. This advancement in the utilization of conventional Supervisory
system can be easily operated, very flexible and also ready Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)is made using IoT
for any expansion. through wireless technology in which a real time data can be
obtained. Their approach is about electrical monitoring the
Ali Asgar Memon,Aneel Kumar,Ghansham,Urooj transmission lines outages, which are affected by harsh
Yasir[9] have proposed a work on green energy source environment of nature like thundering, lightning phenomena,
connected to distribution grid to automate the protection of flashover and also overheating. This work includes a design
power transformer. This paper talks about the environment of an ESP8266 Microcontroller(Arduino) which are
friendly sources like wind and sunlight based energy which connected to different sensors(like Motion sensor, Flame
are the smart grid fundamental contributors. Power attribute, sensor, Temperature and Humidity sensor)for monitoring and
accuracy and accessibility of electrical energy of customer's controlling the technical failures of the transmission line and a
end has been a main concern for many electrical power mobile application which specify the failure type that helps
supply organizations. A safe and an effective distribution can the user to take suitable action to resolve the problem.
be achieved by smart grid and also the preference here isn't
about the combination of smart sensors or the monitoring but Anay Majee,Madhav Bhatia and Dr.O.V.Gnana
the better performance of the electrical system. This paper Swathika[12] have proposed a work on Microgrid
proposes for protection, remote monitoring and the control of Automation for Optimizing Energy Usage and Controlling
transformer through arduino with GSM modem. If the using IOT. In this paper IoT concepts are used to solve the
transformer parameters like voltage, current, temperature and Microgrid reconfiguration issues which are occurring due to
humidity if not maintained can leads to damage of distribution faults, inclusion and removal of distributed energy resource
transformer with special limits. So this paper takes (DERs) and it also aims to automate, bring down the cost of
corresponding protective action when the parameters exceed energy by using suitable processor. Relay is utilized in this
the pre-set values system which comprises of one sensing unit and one shifting
unit. Over current, over voltage, under voltage conditions can
be monitored in the sensor unit and sends for further
processing to the microcontroller unit. The abnormal
behaviour of the system can be notified and rectified by
taking an immediate action.

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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