Republic of the Philippines

Bicol University College of Law

Daraga, Albay

COURSE SYLLABUS

for

NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

1ST Semester, SY 2020-2021

I. SUBJEC TITLE : NATURAL RESOURCES AND

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
II. SUBJECT CODE : LAW 217
III. TIME ALLOTMENT : 36 HOURS
IV. YEAR LEVEL : SECOND YEAR
V. CREDIT : 2 UNITS
VI. CLASS SCHEDULE : FRI (5:30-7:30 PM)
VII. PROFESSOR : ATTY. RONNEL C. SOPSOP
VIII. EMAIL ADDRESS : [email protected]
[email protected]
IX. MOBILE NUMBER : 0917-794-0003/0917-503-0451
X. GRADING SYSTEM
i. QUIZ – 10%
ii.RECITATION – 10%
iii. DIGESTED CASE – 10%
iv. MIDTERM EXAM – 30%
v. FINAL EXAM – 40%
XI. COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to assist law students in acquiring a general knowledge

of natural resources and environmental laws as well as the rules of procedure
applicable to environmental cases.

At the end of the term, the students are expected to have working know-how of
the basic principles, policies and remedies provided for under existing Philippine
environmental laws as well as the provisions of relevant international covenants,
treaties and executive agreements. Specifically, the course syllabus is designed
and planned in such a way as to enable the students to:

1. Understand the basic legal and constitutional concepts that underpin

Philippine natural resources and environmental law;
2. Appreciate the natural resources and environmental law;
3. Learn and apply legal remedies available for environmental cases
using the new rules of procedure;
 4. Appreciate the linkage between national laws and international
environmental laws; and
5. Acquire knowledge on specific international environmental issues such
as climate change and biodiversity, among others.

XII. COURSE AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this course, the students must be able to:

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the major ecological trends and the

international treaties and conventions adopted by nations to cope with
environmental changes;
2. Exhibit an understanding of the terminology, concepts, cases and
principles in Natural Resources and Environmental Law;
3. Examine issues and concerns on the effect of climate change in the
environment and discussion how existing laws can best address them;
4. Evaluate environmental laws critically; and
5. Know the application of the Rules of Procedures for Environmental
Cases.

XIII. LEARNING PLAN

A. INTRODUCTION
a. Our Planet
i. https://youtu.be/JkaxUblCGz0
ii.https://youtu.be/GfO-3Oir-qM
iii. https://youtu.be/um2Q9aUecy0
iv. https://youtu.be/XmtXC_n6X6Q
v. https://youtu.be/9FqwhW0B3tY
vi. https://youtu.be/R2DU85qLfJQ
vii. https://youtu.be/cTQ3Ko9ZKg8
viii. https://youtu.be/r9PeYPHdpNo
b. Understanding Philippine Biodiversity
i. https://youtu.be/2F2KzjTzi9Q
ii.https://youtu.be/gxqgm-ruiW8
iii. https://youtu.be/RcC6CZNllOI
iv. https://youtu.be/wzPBh-KAd9k
v. PowerPoint Presentation
b. Understanding Climate Change
i. https://youtu.be/ESW_S8ZHS80
c. Philippine Environmental Problems in Perspective
i. Environmental Problems in Philippine Waters
1. https://youtu.be/PpG5QUbIuBw
ii.Environmental Problems in Forest Lands
iii. Environmental Problems of Loss of Biodiversity
 iv. Environmental Problems in Aerial Territory
v. Environmental Problems in the Mining Sector
d. Principles on the right to the Environment and the Development of
Environmental Justice.
i. Basic Principles on the Right to the Environment
1. Sovereignty Over Natural Resources and the Obligation Not
to Cause Harm
2. Principle of Prevention
3. Precautionary Principle
4. Sustainable Development
5. Intergenerational Equity
ii.Rights-based Approach
iii. Development of Environmental Justice in the Philippines
1. Art. 2, Sec. 16, Philippine Constitution
2. Art. 2, Sec. 2, Philippine Constitution
3. Multilateral Environment Agreements and their protocol
a. 1921 Geneva Convention Concerning the use of
White Lead in Painting
b. United Nations convention on the law of the Sea
(UNCLOS)
c. 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the
Ozone Layer
d. 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
their Disposal
e. 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity
f. 1998 Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed
Consent Procedure for certain Hazardous Chemicals
and pesticides in International Trade
g. 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollution

B. TOUR OF THE LEGAL HORIZON

a. GOVERNMENT AND LEGAL SYSTEM
i. Overview
ii.Hierarchy of Legislation
iii. Environmental Authorities

b. RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTUION

i. Preamble
ii.National Territory
iii. Declaration of Principles and State Policies
1. Right to Health (Art. 2, Sec. 15)
a. LLDA vs. CA, 231 SCRA 292
2. Right to a Balanced Ecology
 a. Minors vs. DENR, 224 SCRA 792
iv. Bill of Rights
1. Right to Due Process of Law (Art. 3, Sec. 1)
2. Right to Privacy (Art. 3, sec. 2)
3. Right to Access to Information (Art. 3, Sec. 7)
a. Valmonte v. Belmonte, G.R. No. 74930/ 2/13/1989
b. Legazpi v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No.
72119/5/29/1987
v. National Economy and Patrimony
1. Efficient Use of Resources (Sec. 1, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)
2. State Ownership of Natural Resources (Sec. 2, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)
a. Regalian Doctrine
b. Oh Cho vs. Director of Lands, 75 Phil., 890
c. The Director, Lands Management Bureau vs. Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 112567, February 7, 2000
d. Republic vs. Tri-Plus Corporation, G.R. No. 150000,
September 26, 2006, 503 SCRA 91
e. Secretary of DENR vs. Yap, G.R. No. 167707 and
173775, October 8, 2008, 568 SCRA 164
3. Lands of Public Domain and Classification (Sec. 3, Art. XII,
Phil. Constitution)
4. Limits of Forest Lands (Sec. 4, Art. XII, Phil. Constitution)
5. Indigenous Cultural Communities (Sec. 5, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)
6. Social Function of Property (Sec. 6, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)
vi. Social Justice and Human Rights
1. Ecological Considerations in Agrarian Reform (Sec. 4, Art.
XIII, Phil. Constitution)
2. Preferential Use of Marine Resources for Subsistence
Fishermen (Sec. 7, Art. XIII, Phil. Constitution)
3. Health Care & Regulation (Secs. 11 & 12, Art. XIII, Phil.
Constitution)
4. Rights of Women (Sec. 14, Art. XIII, Phil. Constitution)
5. Role and Rights of People’s Organization (Sec. 23, Art. II &
Sec. 15, Art. XIII, Phil. Constitution)
vii. Local Autonomy (Sec. 25, Art. II, Phil. Constitution)
1. Tano v. Socrates, GR No. 110249, August 21, 1997
c. GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
i. Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. No. 1151)
ii.Philippine Environment Code (P.D. No. 1152)
iii. Environmental Impact Assessment (P.D. No. 1586)
1. Republic vs. Davao, G.R. No. 148622, Sept. 12, 2002
2. Bangus Fry Fisherfolk vs. Lanzanas, G.R. No. 131442, July
10, 2003
3. Special People Inc., Foundation vs. Nestor Canda, et.al,
G.R. No. 160932, Jan. 14, 2013
4. Republic vs. O.G. Holdings Corp., G.R. No. 189290, Nov.
29, 2017
5. Boracay Foundation Inc. vs. Prov. of Aklan, G.R. No.
196870, June 26, 2012
iv. Environmentally Critical Areas and Projects (P.D. No.
2146/DENR Admin. Order 96-37)
v. Pollution Control Law ( P.D. No. 984)
1. Mead v. Argel, G.R. No. L-41958/7/20/1982
2. Pollution Adjudication Board v. CA, G.R. No.
93891/3/11/1991
3. Technology Developers v. CA, G.R. No. 94759/1/21/1991
vi. Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes (R.A.
No. 6969)

d. ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION
i. The DENR (E.O. No. 192)

e. CIVIL CODE PROVISIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

i. Human Relations [*just read] (Arts. 19 – 32, NCC)
1. Magbanua v. IAC, G.R. Nos. L-66870, June 29, 1985
ii.Nuisance [*just read] (Arts. 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701,
702, 703, 704, 705, 706 & 707, NCC)
1. Rodriguez v. IAC, G.R. No. 74816, March 17, 1987
iii. Damages
1. Kinds of damages
a. Filinvest Credit Corp v. IAC, 166 SCRA 15
b. R & B Surety and Insurance v. IAC and Uson, 129
SCRA 736
c. Daywalt v. La Corporacion de los Padres Agustinos
Recoletos, G.R. no. 13505, Feb. 4, 1919
 iv. Quasi-Delicts
1. Africa v. Caltex, G.R. no. 12986, March 31, 1966
v. Legal Easements (Arts. 634-636) (*just read)
1. Flowing waters (Arts. 637-648)
2. Right of Way (Arts. 649-652)
3. Light & View (Arts. 667-671)
4. Drainage and Falling Waters (Arts. 674-676)
5. Plantings and Constructions (Arts. 677-681)

C. TERRESTRIAL LAWS

a. REVISED FORESTRY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (PD No. 705, AS

AMENDED)
i. POLICY DETERMINATION BY THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH ON
THE PROPER MANAGEMENT OF FOREST RESOURCES
CANNOT AS A RULE BE INTERFERRED WITH BY THE COURTS
1. YSMAEL vs. DEPUTY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, GR NO.
79538, OCT. 18, 1990
ii.EXHAUSTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES
1. SUNVILLE TIMBER PRODUCTS, INC vs. ABAD, GR NO.
85502, FEB. 2, 1996
2. PAAT vs. COURT OF APPEALS, GR NO. 111107, JAN. 10,
1997
iii. JURISDICTION
1. REPUBLIC vs. CA & BERNABE, GR NO. L-40402, MARCH
16, 1987
2. LAGUA vs. CUSI, GR NO. L-44649, APRIL 15, 1988
3. RAMOS vs. DIRECTOR OF LANDS, GR NO. 13298, NOV.
19, 1918
4. REPUBLIC vs. NAGUIAT, GR NO. 134209, JAN. 24, 2006
5. HRS. OF AMUNATEGUI vs. DIRECTOR OF FORESTRY,
GR NO. L-127873, NOV. 29, 1983
6. REPUBLIC vs. ANIMAS, GR NO. L-37682, MARCH 29,
1974
7. DIRECTOR OF FORESTRY vs. VILLAREAL, GR NO. L-
32266, FEB. 27, 1989
8. YNGSON vs. SEC. OF AGRICULTURE, GR NO. L- 36847,
JULY 20, 1983
iv. UTILIZATION & MANAGEMENT
1. DIRECTOR OF FORESTRY vs. MUNOZ, GR NO. L-24796,
JUNE 28, 1968
2. TAN vs. DIRECTOR OF FORESTRY GR NO. L-24548,
OCT. 27, 1983
 v. CRIMINAL OFFENSES & PENALTIES
1. PEOPLE vs. QUE, GR NO. 120365, DEC. 17, 1996
2. AQUINO vs. PEOPLE, GR NO. 165448, JULY 27, 2009
3. TIGOY vs. CA, GR NO. 144640, JUNE 26, 2006
4. MERIDA vs. PEOPLE, GR NO. 158182, JUNE 12, 2008
5. MONGE vs. PEOPLE, GR NO. 1170308, MARCH 7, 2008
6. PALLADA vs. PEOPLE, GR No. 131270, March 17, 2000
7. TAOPA vs. PEOPLE, GR NO. 184098, NOV. 26, 2008
8. PEOPLE vs. CFI OF QUEZON & ARROZAL, GR NO. L-
46772, FEB. 13, 1992
9. MUSTANG vs. CA, GR NO. 104988, JUNE 18, 1996
10. TAN vs. PEOPLE, GR NO. 115507, MAY 19, 1998
11. DENR vs. DARAMAN, GR NO. 125797, FEB. 15, 2002
12. MOMONGAN vs. OMIPON, AM NO. MTJ-93-874, MARCH
14, 1995
13. PEOPLE vs. BAGISTA, GR NO. 86218, SEPT. 18, 1992
14. FACTORAN vs. CA, GR NO. 93540, DEC. 13, 1999
15. DAGUDAG vs. PEDARANGA, AM NO. RTJ-06-2017, JUNE
19, 2008
16. DY vs. CA, GR NO. 121587, MARCH 9, 1999
17. MAMANTEO vs. DEPUTY SHERIFF MAGUMUN, AM NO.
P-98-1264, JULY 28, 1999
18. CALUB vs. CA, GR NO. 115634, APRIL 27, 2000.
19. ALMUETE VS. PEOPLE, G.R. NO. 179611, MARCH 12,
2013
20. RUZOL VS. SANDIGANBAYAN, G.R.NOS. 186739-960,
APRIL 17, 2013

b. EXPANDED NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM

(RA No. 11038)
i. https://youtu.be/uCjYyAcd1ug
ii.PICOP RESOURCES, INC. vs. BASE METALS MINERAL
RESOURCES CORPORATION, 510 SCRA 400
iii. CHAM vs. PIZARRO, A.C. NO. 5499, AUG. 16, 2005
c. Republic Act no. 9175 (Chainsaw Act)
d. Republic Act No. 9147 (Wildlife Act)
e. Republic Act No. 7942 (Philippine Mining Act)
i. PRELIMINARY
1. https://youtu.be/lQxK-5yJLzA
2. https://youtu.be/em1eRDsXD4U
3. Evolution of pertinent Mining Law
a. Atok big-Wedge Mining Co. v. Intermediate Appellate
Court, GR No. 63528, Sept. 9, 1996, 261 SCRA 528.
4. Ownership of mineral resources
 a. Republic v. CA & Dela Rosa, GR No. L-43938, April
15, 1980, 160 SCRA 228.
b. Comiliang v. Buendia, GR No. L-24757, Oct. 25,
1967, 21 SCRA 486.
c. La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, GR
No. 127882, Jan. 27, 2004, 445 SCRA 1
5. Full control & supervision by the State
a. Miners Association of the Philippines v. Factoran, GR
No. 98332, Jan. 16, 1995, 240 SCRA 100.
b. Republic v. Rosemoor Mining & Development
Corporation, GR No. 149927, Mar. 30, 2004, 426
SCRA 517
c. Southeast Mindanao Gold Mining Corporation v.
Balite Portal Mining Cooperative, GR No. 135190,
Apr. 3, 2002, 380 SCRA 145
d. Cruz v. Secretary of Environment and Natural
Resources, GR No. 13585, Dec. 6, 2000, 347 SCRA
128
e. La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, GR
No. 127882, Dec. 1, 2004, 445 SCRA 1
6. Rights of a locator to a perfected mining claim
a. Mc-Daniel v. Apacible, GR No. 17597, Feb. 7, 1922,
42 Phil 749
b. Atok Big-wedge Mining Co. v. CA, GR No. 8883, Jan.
18, 1991, 193 SCRA 71
7. Mere recording of a mining claim, without performing annual
work obligation, does not convert land into mineral land
a. Atok big-Wedge Mining Co. v. Intermediate Appellate
Court, GR No. 63528, Sept. 9, 1996, 261 SCRA 528.
b. Zambales Chromite Mining Co., Inc. v. Leido, GR No.
49143, Aug. 21, 1989, 176 SCRA 602
8. Abandonment
a. Medrana v. Office of the President, GR No. 85904,
Aug. 21, 1990, 188 SCRA 818
b. Greenhills Mining Co., v. Office of the President, GR
No. L-75962, June 30, 1988, 163 SCRA 350
9. Mineral Reservations
a. Apex Mining Co., Inc. v. Southeast Mindanao Gold
Mining Corporation, GR No. 152613, June 23, 2006,
492 SCRA 355
10. Other Reservations
 a. PICOP Resources, Inc. v. Base Metals Mineral
Resources Corporation, GR No. 163509, Dec. 6,
2006
b. PNOC-EDC v. Veneracion, GR No. 129820, Nov. 30,
2006
ii.ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
1. Authority of the Department: Validity of Administrative
Orders issued by the Department Secretary: Miners
Association of the Phils. V. Factoran
2. Authority of the Bureau
3. Quasi-judicial powers
a. Atlas Consolidated Mining & Development
Corporation v. CA, GR No. L-54305, Feb. 14, 1990,
182 SCRA 166
b. Benguet Corporation v. Leviste, GR No. 65021, Nov.
21, 1991, 193 SCRA 250
4. Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction
a. Industrial Enterprise, Inc. v. CA, GR No. 88550, Apr.
18, 1990, 184 SCRA 426
b. Apex Mining Co. vs. Garcia, GR No. 92605, July 16,
1991, 199 SCRA 278
iii. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
1. Sec. 14, RA 7942: Areas open to mining operations
2. Sec. 18: Areas closed to mining operations
iv. EXPLORATION PERMIT
1. Sec. 20
2. Foreign contractor to apply & hold exploration permit: Sec.
3(aq)
a. See: La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Association, Inc. v.
Ramos, Dec. 1, 2004
3. Submission of work prog: La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Association,
Inc. v. Ramos, Dec. 1, 2004
4. Transferability or assignment of exploration permit
a. Apex Mining Co., Inc. v. Southeast Mindanao Gold
Mining Corporation, GR No. 152613, June 23, 2006
5. Rights and obligation of the permittee: sec. 23, RA 7942
6. Exploration permit revocable when demanded by the police
power
a. Southeast Mindanao Gold Mining Corporation v.
Balite Portal Mining Cooperative, GR No. 104047,
Apr. 3, 2002, 380 SCRA 145
b. Republic v. Rosemoor
v. MINERAL AGREEMENTS
 1. Forms of mineral agreement
a. Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA)
b. Co-production Agreement (CA)
c. Joint Venture Agreement (JVA)
2. Qualified Person
3. Filing and Approval of Mineral Agreements: Sec 29
4. Assignment or transfer: Sec. 46
5. Term of a mineral agreement: Sec. 32
6. Issuance of Special Mines Permit (SMP)
vi. FINANCIAL OR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT
1. FTAA defined
2. Eligibility
3. Minerals subject of FTAA
4. Assignment or transfer
a. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co. v. WMC Resources,
GR No. 162331, Nov. 20, 2006
b. La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos
c. Didipio Earth-saver’s multi-purpose association v.
Gozun, GR No. 157882, Mar. 30, 2006, 485 SCRA
586
vii. QUARRY RESOURCES
1. Size of area covered by quarry permit
a. Republic v. Rosemoor Mining & Development
Corporation
2. Provincial/Municipal Mining Regulatory Board
3. Quarry Permit
4. Sand & Gravel Permits
a. Commercial Sand & Gravel permit
b. Industrial Sand and Gravel permit
c. Exclusive sand and gravel permit
d. Rights and Obligations of the quarry or
commercial/industrial sand and gravel permit holder
e. Gratuitous Permit
f. Guano Permit
g. Gemstone gathering permit
h. Cancellation, revocation, termination of quarry, sand
and gravel, gratuitous, guano and gemstone
gathering permit
viii. TRANSFER, SALE and PROCESSING OF MINERALS
1. Ore Transport Permit
2. Mineral trading registration
3. Mineral processing permit
ix. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
 1. Mine safety and Environmental protection
2. Mine labor
3. Power to issue orders
4. Pollution cases under the jurisdiction of the PAB
a. Republic v. Marcopper Mining Corporation, GR No.
137174, July 10, 2000, 335 SCRA 386
5. EIA
x. SURFACE RIGHTS
1. Sec. 75: Easement rights
2. Sec. 76: Entry into lands
a. PICOP Resources, Inc. v. Base Metals Mineral
Resources Corporation, GR No. 163509, Dec. 6,
2006
b. Didipio Earth-saver’s multi-purpose association v.
Gozun, GR No. 157882, Mar. 30, 2006, 485 SCRA
586
3. Determination of compensation of the POA is only
preliminary
4. Export Processing Zone Authority v. Dulay
5. Surface rights must be based on compliance with legal
requirements
a. Standard Mineral Products, Inc. v. CA, GR No. L-
43277, April 26, 1990, 184 SCRA 571
xi. TRANSPORT OF MINERAL/MINERAL PRODUCTS &
CONFISCATION, SEIZURE, AND DISPOSITION OF ILLEGALLY-
SOURCED MINERALS/MINERAL PRODUCTS
1. Ore Transport Permit
2. Arrest, Confiscation & Seizures/Custody
xii. SETTLEMENTS OF CONFLICTS
1. Panel of Arbitrators
2. Mining Dispute
a. Gonzales v. Climax Mining LTD., GR No. 161957,
Feb. 28, 2005, 452 SCRA 607
3. Appeal
4. Mines Adjudication Board
5. Adjudication of mining cases an administrative matter
a. Twin Peaks Mining Association v. Navarro, GR No. L-
49835, Dec. 18, 1979, 94 SCRA 768
6. No authority over pollution cases
7. MAB decisions appealable to CA
a. Carpio v. Sulu Resources Development Corp., GR
No. 148267, Aug. 8, 2002, 387 SCRA 128
 b. Asaphil Construction & Development Corp. v. Tuason,
GR No. 134030, Apr. 25, 2006, 488 SCRA 126
c. PNOC-EDC v. Veneracion, GR No. 129820, Nov. 30,
2006
8. DENR devoid of jurisdiction to determine validity of mining
contracts or disputes
a. Asaphil Construction & Development Corp. v. Tuason,
GR No. 134030, Apr. 25, 2006, 488 SCRA 126
b. Republic v. MMC
xiii. GOVERNMENT SHARE
xiv. GROUNDS FOR CANCELLATION, REVOCATION &
TERMINATION
xv. PENAL PROVISIONS
a. People v. Abad, GR No. L-55132, Aug. 30, 1988, 165
SCRA 57

D. MARITIME AND AQUATIC RESOURCES LAWS

a. Republic Act No. 9275
b. Republic Act No. 10654

E. AERIAL AND OTHER LAWS

a. Republic Act No. 8749
b. Republic Act No. 9003
c. Republic Act No. 8371

F. RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CASES (A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC)

a. West Tower Condo vs. FPIC, G.R. No. 194239, June 16, 2015
b. MMDA et.al., vs. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, G.R No. 171947-48,
December 18, 2008
c. Residents Marine Mammals of the Tanon Strait vs. Sec. Reyes, et.al, G.R. No.
180771, April 21, 2015
d. Mosqueda vs. Pilipino Banana Growers and Exporters Asso., G.R. No. 189185,
Aug. 16, 2016
e. Arigo, et. al vs. Swift, G. R. No. 206510, Sept. 16, 2014
f. Paje vs. Casino, G.R. No. 207257, Feb. 3, 2015
g. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications, Inc. vs.
GREENPEACE Southeast Asia, et.al., G.R. No. 209271, Dec. 8, 2015

G. REFERENCE
a. Law on Natural Resources, Justice Oswaldo Agcaoili
b. Philippine Environmental Laws, Policies and Case Remedies, Atty. Alvin
Claridades
c. A Legal Arsenal for the Philippine Environment, Atty. Antonio A. Oposa
d. A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC
 i. Marine and Aquatic Resources Laws
1. Republic Act No. 9275
2. Republic Act No. 10654
ii.Aerial Law and Other Laws
1. Presidential Decree No. 1586
2. Republic Act No. 8749
3. Republic Act No. 9003

H. c

iii. Terrestrial Laws

1. PD No. 705, as amended
a. Ysmael v. Executive Secretary et. al, GR No. 79538,
October 18, 1990
b. Sunville Timber Products v. Hon. Alfonso Abad, et. al., GR
No. 85502, February 24, 1992
c. Merida v. People, GR no. 158182, June 12, 2008
d. Momongan v. Judge Omipon, A.M. No. MTJ-93-874,
March 14, 1995
e. Daylinda A. Lagua, et. al v. Hon. Vicente N. Cusi, et.,al,
GR No. L-44649, April 15, 1988
f. Aquino v. People, GR No. 165448, July 27, 2009
g. Mustang Lumber, Inc v. CA, GR No. 104988, June 18,
1996
h. Lalican v. Hon.Vergara, et. al., GR No. 155634, April 27,
2000
i. Tan v. People, GR No. 115507, May 19, 1998
j. Taopa v. People, GR No. 184098, November 25, 2008
k. Monge v. People, GR No. 170308, March 7, 2008
l. Tigoy v. CA, GR No. 144640, June 26, 2006
m. Pallada v. People, GR No. 131270, March 17, 2000
n. People v. Que, GR No. 120365, December 17, 1996
o. Dagudag v. Paderanga, A.M. No. RTJ-06-2017, June 19,
2008
 p. Prosecutor Leo C. Tabao v. Judge Frisco T. Lilagan and
Sheriff Aguilar, A.M. No. RTJ-01-1651, September 2, 2001
q. Calub v. CA, G.R. No. 115634, April 27, 2000
r. Mamanteo, et. al v. Deputy Sheriff Magumun, A.M. No. P-
98-1264, July 28, 1999
s. Paat v. CA, GR No. 111107, January 10, 1997
t. Alvarez v. PICOP, GR No. 162243, November 29, 2006
and December 3, 2009
u. Almuete v. People, GR No. 179611, March 12, 2013
v. Ruzol v. Sandiganbayan, GR Nos. 186739-960, April 17,
2013
w. DENR v. Daraman, et. al., GR No. 125797, February 15,
2002
2. Republic Act No. 11038 (Expanded National Integrated Protected
Areas System)
a. Picop Resources v. Base Metals, GR No. 163509,
December 6, 2006
3. Republic Act No. 9175 (Chainsaw Act)
4. Republic Act No. 7076 (Small-Scale Mining Act)
5. Republic Act No. 7942 (Philippine Mining Act)
6. Executive Order no. 79
7. Republic Act No. 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and
Protection Act)
iv. Marine and Aquatic Resources Laws
1. Republic Act No. 9275
2. Republic Act No. 10654
v.Aerial Law and Other Laws
1. Presidential Decree No. 1586
2. Republic Act No. 8749
3. Republic Act No. 9003

I- TOUR OF THE LEGAL HORIZON

a. GOVERNMENT AND LEGAL SYSTEM

i. Overview
ii. Hierarchy of Legislation
iii. Environmental Authorities

b. RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTUION

i. Preamble
ii. National Territory
iii. Declaration of Principles and State Policies
iv. Bill of Rights
1. Right to Due Process of Law
2. Right to Privacy
 3. Right to Access to Information
a. Valmonte v. Belmonte, G.R. No. 74930/
2/13/1989
b. Legazpi v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No.
72119/5/29/1987

v. National Economy and Patrimony

1. Efficient Use of Resources (Sec. 1, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)
2. State Ownership of Natural Resources (Sec. 2, Art.
XII, Phil. Constitution)
3. Lands of Public Domain and Classification (Sec. 3,
Art. XII, Phil. Constitution)
4. Limits of Forest Lands (Sec. 4, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)
5. Indigenous Cultural Communities (Sec. 5, Art. XII,
Phil. Constitution)
6. Social Function of Property (Sec. 6, Art. XII, Phil.
Constitution)

vi. Social Justice and Human Rights

1. Ecological Considerations in Agrarian Reform (Sec. 4,
Art. XIII, Phil. Constitution)
2. Preferential Use of Marine Resources for Subsistence
Fishermen (Sec. 7, Art. XIII, Phil. Constitution)
3. Health Care & Regulation (Secs. 11 & 12, Art. XIII,
Phil. Constitution)
4. Rights of Women (Sec. 14, Art. XIII, Phil.
Constitution)
5. Role and Rights of People’s Organization (Sec. 23,
Art. II & Sec. 15, Art. XIII, Phil. Constitution)

vii. Local Autonomy (Sec. 25, Art. II, Phil. Constitution)

c. GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

i. Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. No. 1151)
ii. Philippine Environment Code (P.D. No. 1152)
iii. Environmental Impact Assessment (P.D. No. 1586)
 iv. Environmentally Critical Areas and Projects (P.D. No.
2146)
v. Pollution Control Law ( P.D. No. 984)
1. Mead v. Argel, G.R. No. L-41958/7/20/1982
2. Pollution Adjudication Board v. CA, G.R. No.
93891/3/11/1991
3. Technology Developers v. CA, G.R. No.
94759/1/21/1991
vi. Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
(R.A. No. 6969)

d. ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION
i. The DENR (E.O. No. 192)

e. CIVIL CODE PROVISIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

i. Human Relations (Arts. 19 – 32, NCC)
1. Magbanua v. IAC, G.R. Nos. L-66870, June 29, 1985
ii. Nuisance (Arts. 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701,
702, 703, 704, 705, 706 & 707, NCC)
1. Rodriguez v. IAC, G.R. No. 74816, March 17, 1987
iii. Damages
1. Kinds of damages
a. Filinvest Credit Corp v. IAC
b. R & B Surety and Insurance v. IAC
c. Daywalt v. La Corporacion
iv. Quasi-Delicts
1. Africa v. Caltex
v. Legal Easments
1. Flowing waters
2. Right of Way
3. Light & View
4. Drainage and Falling Waters
vi. Plantings and Constructions

II- LANDS
a. PROTECTED AREAS
i. National Integrated Protected Areas System (R.A. No.
7586)
 ii. Strategic Environment Plan for Palawan (R.A. No.
7611)
iii. Revised Forestry Code (P.D. No. 705, as amended)
1. Ysmael v. Deputy
2. Minors v. DENR
3. Mustan Lumber v. CA
4. Paat v. CA

b. PROTECTED SPECIES
c. AGRICULTURE
d. LAND TENURE
e. MINERALS
f. ENERGY
III- S
IV- S
V- S
VI- S
VII- S
VIII- S

XIV. S
XV. S
XVI. S
XVII. S
XVIII. S
XIX. S
XX. S
XXI. S
XXII. S
XXIII.