CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

• In circuit switching, the resources need to be

reserved during the setup phase;
• A circuit-
circuit-switched network consists of a set of the resources remain dedicated for the entire
switches connected by physical links. A duration of data transfer until the teardown
connection between two stations is a phase.
dedicated path made of one or more links.
However, each connection uses only one
dedicated channel on each link. Each link is
normally divided into n channels by using
FDM or TDM.

3 4

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 1
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

Host 1 Host 2
Switch 1 Switch 2

Transmission delay

propagation
delay
between Host 1
and Host 2

Information
time

Timing in Circuit Switching 5 6

– Datagram
• Each packet is treated independently ie
ie..
Routed
• In a packet-
packet-switched network, there is no
resource reservation; resources are allocated • The destination may receive the packets in
different sequence
on demand.
– Virtual circuit
• Data to be transmitted needs to be divided
• A logical connection is established before any
into packets of fixed or variable size. The size
packets are sent.
of the packet is determined by the network
• The route between the stations is set up prior
and the governing protocol to data transfer. It doesn’t mean it is circuit
switching.
– A packet is still buffered at each node and
7
queued for output over a line. 8

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 2
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

Host C

Host A Host D

Node 1 Node 2
Node 3

Node 5

Host B
Node 7 Host E
Node 6
Node 4

• Each packet is independently switched

– Each packet header contains destination
address
9 10

Host 1 Host 2

propagation
delay between
transmission Host 1 and
time of Packet 1 Packet 1 Switch 2
processing
at Host 1 delay of
Packet 2
Packet 1 Packet 1 at
Packet 3 Switch 2
Packet 2
Packet 1
Packet 3
Packet 2

Packet 3

Timing of Datagram Packet Switching 11 12

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 3
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

• A switch in a datagram network uses a

routing table that is based on the destination
address.
A
datagram • The destination address in the header of a
network packet in a datagram network remains the
same during the entire journey of the packet.
• Switching in the Internet is done by using the
datagram approach to packet switching at the
network layer.

13 14

Routing table in a datagram network

• A virtual-
virtual-circuit network is a cross between a
circuit--switched network and a datagram
circuit
network. It has some characteristics of both.

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By Dr.S.Muralidharan 4
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

Host 1 Host 2
• In virtual-
virtual-circuit switching, all packets
belonging to the same source and
destination travel the same path; but the
VC
establishment
packets may arrive at the destination with
different delays if resource allocation is on
Packet 1

Packet 2
demand.
Packet 1
Packet 3
Data Packet 2
transfer Packet 1
Packet 3
Packet 2

Packet 3

VC
termination

Timing of Virtual
Virtual--Circuit Packet Switching
17 18

Host C

Host A Host D

Node 1 Node 2 Virtual

Node 3
Packet
Node 5 Switched

Host B
Node 7 Host E
Node 6
Node 4

Virtual Circuit Switching

19 20

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 5
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

Virtual--circuit identifier
Virtual
Setup request in a virtual-
virtual-circuit network

Switch and tables in a virtual-

virtual-circuit network

21 22

Source--to
Source to--destination data transfer in a virtual-
virtual-circuit
Setup acknowledgment in a virtual-
virtual-circuit
network
network

23 24

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 6
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

Message switching
• Packet switching is very much like message
switching except that the length of the units of • In circuit switching network, each node is an
data that may be presented to the network is electronic or electromechanical switching
limited in a packet switched network device. But in message switching it is a
• Need not establish a dedicated path computer with sufficient storage to store
• Sending station appends address of messages.
destination and sent via network. At each • Also known as “store-
“store-and
and--forward message
intermittent node the message is received, system”
stored briefly, and then transmitted to the next • Disadvantage :
node. 1) not suited for real-
real-time traffic
2) delay is relatively long
25 3) Not suited for voice 26

Circuit Message Datagram Virtual Circuit

Circuit Message Datagram Virtual Circuit Switching Switching Packet Packet
Switching Switching Packet Packet Switching Switching
Switching Switching The path is Route Route Route established
Dedicated No dedicated No dedicated No dedicated established for established for established for for entire
Transmission path path path entire each message each packet conversation
path conversation
Continuous Transmission of Transmission of Transmission of Call setup delay; Message Packet Call setup delay;
transmission of Messages Packets Packets negligible transmission transmission Packet
data transmission delay delay delay transmission
delay
Fast enough for Too slow for Fast enough for Fast enough for
Busy signal if No busy signal Sender may be Sender notified of
interactive interactive interactive interactive
called party busy notified if connection denial
Messages are Messages are Packets may be Packets stored packet not
not stored filled for lateral stored until until delivered delivered
retrieval delivered Overload may Overload Overload Overload may
block call setup; increase increase block call
no delay for message packet delay setup;increases
established calls delay packet delay
27 28
Contd……
27 Contd…… 28

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 7
CS65-Computer Networks Department of EEE

Circuit Message Datagram Virtual Circuit

Switching Switching Packet Packet
Switching Switching

User Network Network may be Network may be

responsible for responsible for responsible for responsible foe
message loss messages individual packet
protection packets sequence
Usually no Speed and code Speed and code Speed and code
speed or code conversion conversion conversion
conversion

Fixed bandwidth Dynamic use of Dynamic use of Dynamic use of

transmission bandwidth bandwidth bandwidth

No overhead Overhead hits in Overhead hits in Overhead hits in

hits after call each message each packet each packet
setup

29

29

By Dr.S.Muralidharan 8