M

S1-1054/2
10kV Digital Insulation Tester

USER MANUAL

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 G SAFETY WARNINGS

Safety Warning must be observed during use.

n The circuit under test must be switched off, de-energised, isolated and checked to be safe before insulation test connections are made. Make sure
the circuit is not re-energised whilst the instrument is connected.
n Circuit connections must not be touched during an insulation test.
n After completing a test, capacitive circuits must be completely discharged before disconnecting the test leads. Capacitive charges can be lethal.
n Tested items should be firmly shorted out with a shorting link, after discharge, until required for use. This is to guard against any stored dielectric
absorption charge subsequently being released thereby raising the voltage to potentially dangerous levels.
n The voltage indicator and automatic discharge features should be regarded as additional safety features and not a substitute for normal safe working
practice.
n It is rare, but in certain circumstances, breakdown of the circuit under test may cause the instrument to terminate the test in an uncontrolled manner,
possibly causing a loss of display while the circuit remains energised. In this event, the unit must be turned off and the circuit discharged manually.
n Test leads, including crocodile clips, must be in good order, clean and with no broken or cracked insulation.
n The instrument should not be used if any part of it is damaged.
n Insulation testing in wet weather conditions might be hazardous. It is recommeded that this instrument is not used in these circumstances. If this
unavoidable, the user must take all necessary precautions.
n This instrument is not intrinsically safe and must not be used in hazardous atmospheres.

CAT II CAT III CAT IV

Measurement category II: Equipment Measurement category III: Equipment Measurement category IV: Equipment connected
connected between the electrical outlets and connected between the distribution panel and between the origin of the low-voltage mains
the user’s equipment. the electrical outlets. supply and the distribution panel.

NOTE
THE INSTRUMENT MUST ONLY BE USED BY SUITABLY TRAINED AND COMPETENT PERSONS.

Users of this equipment and/or their employers are reminded that National Health and Safety Legislation requires them to carry out valid risk
assessments of all electrical work so as to identify potential sources of electrical danger and risk of electrical injury such as inadvertent short circuits.
Where the assessments show that the risk is significant then the use of fused test leads may be appropriate.

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 CONTENTS

Safety warnings 2 Test mode summary 16

Introduction 4 Insulation resistance ‘IR’ test 16
General description 4 Breakdown mode / burn mode 16
Features 4 Alarm limit mode 16
Cleaning 5 Step voltage ‘SV’ test 17
Power lead and battery charging 5 Polarisation index ‘PI’ test, and dielectric absorption
Instrument controls and indicators 6 ratio ‘DAR’ test 17
Power On/Off button 7 Dielectric discharge ‘DD’ test 17
Test voltage s and t buttons 7 Measurements above 100 GΩ 18
Test start / stop button 7 Circuit block diagram 19
Ω/I button 7 Specifications 21
B button 10 Accessories 22
Fn button 10 Repair and warranty 23
Mode button 10 Battery replacement 23
Timer s and t buttons 11
Record button 11 Symbols used on the instrument are:
Recording to on-board memory 11


Downloading results
Deleting results
11
11
F Caution: risk of electric shock


Recording to a PC
High voltage warning LED
12
12
G Caution: refer to accompanying notes
Line input present LED 12 t Equipment protected throughout by Double
Test terminals 12 Insulation (Class II)


Guard terminal
RS232 / USB connections
12
13 c
Equipment complies with current EU directives.
Battery bar graph 13 This equipment should be recyled as electronic
Voltage at terminals 13 waste.
Timer indicator 13
Digital display 13 Terms used in this manual
Analogue display 14 The word must is used to indicate that the instructions following should
Secondary display 14 be followed under all circumstances. Failure to follow these instructions
Pre-Test / during test key action table 14 could result in damage to the instrument and / or a hazard to the
Breakdown detection 15
operator. The word should is used to indicate that the instructions
Noise detection 15
indicate best practice.
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 INTRODUCTION

General Description A comprehensive LCD display shows resistance, current, filter setting,
The S1-1054/2 is a microprocessor controlled 10 kV insulation tester capacitance, time constant, voltage, timer measurements, and figure of
offering measurement capability of up to 35 TΩ. The instrument merit measurements such as polarisation index.
performs automatic tests and has data storage and data retrieval facilities.
Features
Polarization index and dielectric discharge tests are performed n Continuous resistance or current measurement on main display.

automatically, and test duration and voltages can be adjusted according n Optional resistance, current, or figure of merit measurements on
to user preference for these tests. A step voltage test can be performed secondary display.
automatically, with a default voltage of 1 kV, and test duration of 5
n Standard test voltages – 250 V, 500 V, 1 kV, 2.5 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV
minutes. It is possible for the user to set different voltages and test
n Non-standard test voltages – selectable between 50 V and 1 kV in 10
durations for the step voltage test.
V steps, and selectable between 1 kV and 10 kV in
The S1-1054/2 incorporates a hardware filter designed to tolerate at 25 V steps.
least 4 mA rms of noise current at 50Hz and above. This filter is enabled
n Test modes include insulation resistance, polarisation index, step
by default, but may be switched off in order to speed up the settling
voltage and dielectric discharge.
time when there is little noise current. The Insulation Resistance mode
n 4 mA rms hardware noise current filter (selectable)
offers additional firmware filtering to average out slow variations during
testing. n Firmware filter 10, 30, and 100 seconds (optional)
n The dielectric absorption ratio is automatically calculated if the
The S1-1054/2 can be powered from the mains supply or by its own
internal rechargeable battery, which provides for at least 4 hours of corresponding timers are set.
continuous testing with a 100 MΩ load. A battery level indicator on n Either burn or breakdown selectable in insulation resistance mode.
the LCD display indicates battery capacity. Connecting power to the n Insulation ‘Alarm Limit’ available in insulation resistance mode.
mains supply connector will automatically charge the battery whether
n Programmable timers include a main test duration timer, plus T1 and
the instrument is switched ‘on’ or ‘off’, except during testing. A high
T2 timers for time resistance method type tests.
level of internal isolation allows the instrument to be used while the
n Load capacitance and time constant measurements – displayed at end
unit is supplied from the mains. An internal battery management system
switches the instrument off after ten minutes of inactivity. If the battery of test.
approaches a very low state of charge the instrument turns itself off, and n LCD backlight.
mains power must be applied before the instrument can be used again. n Data storage, data retrieval and real time data output.
Recorded test results and settings will not be lost when the instrument is
n USB or RS232 communications.
switched off.
n Battery level / charge level indicator.
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 POWER LEAD AND BATTERY CHARGING

Cleaning If the power lead supplied is not suitable for your mains connection,
Disconnect the instrument and wipe it with a clean cloth slightly do not use an adaptor. Always use a power lead fitted with the correct
damped with soapy water or Isopropyl alcohol (IPA). plug.

The instrument is fitted with a two-pin IEC60320 power inlet. Most

power leads are made with three-core cable, so the ground connection
will not be used.

Power lead connection table

Connection UK/International USA

Earth/Ground Yellow/Green Green

Neutral Blue White

Live (Line) Brown Black

If using a fused plug, ensure that it is fitted with a 3 Amp fuse.

The instrument can be powered from 85 - 265 Vrms a.c. at 50/60 Hz.
The battery will charge as long as the mains supply is connected, except
when a test is in progress. The power On/Off button has a green LED,
which illuminates when mains power is present. For optimum battery
life, charge the battery after each use. A completely exhausted battery
will take 14 hours to recharge.

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 INSTRUMENT CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

Line USB RS232 Measurement terminals Voltage at Test modes Burn indicator Alarm Data recording
input -ve guard +ve terminals

Time s and Battery level Timers

t selectors Main, T1,
T2
Voltage s
t selectors Line input
Present Breakdown
S1-554
indicator Analogue
indicator
display
Power on/off
High
High voltage
Backlight Ω/I selector voltage
warning
on/off warning
indicator
indicator
Data record

Function Mode Test start/stop High voltage Dielectric

warning indicator absorption Digital Polarisation Time Capacitance
ratio/T1 timer display index/timer constant display
T2

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 Power On/Off button During a test the display shows the actual voltage on the test leads. If
The instrument will only turn on if this button is pressed, held and then the test voltage is changed during a test, the new test voltage will be
released when the display responds. The instrument will not turn on if displayed briefly.
the button is released before the display responds, or if the button is
held down for too long. This is a safety feature to prevent the instrument When the test has stopped, the display continues to show the voltage
being inadvertently turned on. present on the test leads. Pressing either test voltage s or t button will
then display the test voltage immediately before the end of the test.
The instrument is turned off either by pressing the button again, or if the
instrument is running on the battery, by timing out after 10 minutes of Test start / stop button
inactivity. A test will only start if this button is pressed, held and then released as
soon as the red high voltage warning indicator LED lights. The LCD and
Upon switching the instrument on the display will first show ‘Ini’ while it red LED high voltage warning indicators flash when the test starts.
undergoes a self-checking routine. When Ini disappears, the instrument is
ready for use. A test will not start if the button is released before the red LED shows,
or pressed continuously for longer than 5 seconds. This is a safety
Test voltage s and t buttons feature to prevent a test being started inadvertently.
Using these buttons one of six test voltages can be selected: 250 V, 500
V, The presence of a voltage greater than 50 V on the test leads is indicated
1 kV, 2.5 kV, 5 kV, and 10 kV. The selected voltage is shown on the with flashing high voltage warning indicators. Testing is disabled if the
display. external voltage exceeds 160 V.

A non standard voltage between 50 V and 10 kV can be selected by Testing will stop if the test start / stop button is pressed again, the
holding down the ‘Fn’ function button whilst operating the buttons. The preset test time is reached, or, if the unit is not in burn mode, insulation
selectable voltage is adjustable in 10 V steps between 50 V and 1 kV, and breakdown is detected.
adjustable in 25 V steps between 1 kV and 10 kV. An auto repeat facility
is enabled when the button is held down, allowing faster travel through When a test has finished, the instrument will discharge the load, which
the range. may take some time. The operator must always check the load has been
discharged before touching the test leads.
If there is an external voltage greater than 50 V on the test leads, the
high voltage warning indicators are flashed, and the display shows this Ω/I button
voltage instead. The instrument will not perform a test if this voltage is Pressing this button toggles the digital and secondary displays. The
greater than 160 V.
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 details available when scrolling the secondary display will depend upon
the test mode selected, whether timers T1 and T2 have been set, and
the duration of the test. The digital display toggles between insulation
resistance and current.

In the ‘IR’, ‘PI’, and ‘DD’ modes the secondary display initially shows the
PI (polarity index), DAR (dielectric absorption ratio), and, on completion Press Ω/I
of the test, the TC (time constant) and capacitance measurements.
Further presses of the Ω/I button cycles the display through insulation
resistances, currents, and the filter setting. Press Ω/I

In the ‘SV’ (step voltage) mode, the secondary display cycles through
insulation resistances, currents, and the filter setting.
Press Ω/I
Figures 1 to 4 illustrate the display status for sequential ‘Ω/I’ key presses
in the different modes.

Press Ω/I

Figure 1 - The result of an insulation resistance test (IR)

Test settings: T1 and T2 times set in order to measure the DAR
Test conditions: test runs for longer than 10 minutes as this is required
8 for a PI reading.

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 Press Ω/I
Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I
Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I
Press Ω/I

Figure 3 - The result of a dielectric discharge test (DD)

Figure 2 - The result of a polarity index test (PI) Test settings: T1 and T2 times set in order to measure the DAR
Test settings: T1 and T2 times set in order to measure the DAR Test condition: test runs for longer than 10 minutes as this is required
Test conditions: timer defaults to 10 minutes, as this is required for a PI reading for a PI reading.
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 function. This is summarized in the table below. ‘Vs and ‘Vt represent
the

test voltage buttons. ‘Ts and ‘Tt represent the timer buttons.

Button Press Function Comment

Fn + Vs Increment in 10 V steps Voltage range between
Press Ω/I 50 and 1000 V
Press Ω/I Fn + Vt Decrement in 10 V steps Voltage range between
50 and 1000 V
Fn + Vs Increment in 25 V steps Voltage range between
1000 and 10000 V
Fn + Vt Decrement in 25 V steps Voltage range between
1000 and 10000 V
Press Ω/I
Fn + Ts or Tt Cycle through timers Select main timer, T1 or
T2
Fn + Mode Cycle through IR modes Select breakdown, burn
or alarm limit for IR test
Fn + Ω/I Cycle through filter options Additional filtering
options are available in
IR mode

Figure 4 - The result of a step voltage (SV) test Fn + Download mode See ‘Downloading
Test condition: timer defaults to 5 minutes and test voltage defaults to results’
1000 V. Fn + Clear stored data The ‘record’ button is
pressed twice
B button Mode button
Pressing this button toggles the display backlight on and off. Press down on the ‘MODE’ button to cycle through and select the test
mode. Modes of test to be chosen from include an insulation resistance
Fn button ‘IR’ test, a polarization index ‘PI’ test, a step voltage ‘SV’ test, and a
The function button when pressed allows other keys to perform another dielectric discharge ‘DD’ test.
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 The insulation resistance ‘IR’ test operates in either ‘burn’ or ‘breakdown’ Manager will substantially reduce any such risk.
mode, with an option of setting a resistance threshold ‘alarm limit’. Recording to on-board memory
These modes can be cycled through and selected by holding down the Press the record button to start and stop recording. When data recording
Fn button and pressing the Mode button. is enabled the record symbol will flash on and off repeatedly. Recording
can only be activated before testing commences. Results are stored at
Timer s and t buttons 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds. After 60 seconds, at minute intervals up to
The main timer can be set up to 99mins 59secs. The Ts button 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, results are recorded at 5 minute intervals
increments the time, and the Tt button decrements the time in ten until the test terminates. At each interval the recorded data will contain
seconds steps. An auto repeat facility allows the time to be set more selected voltage, test time elapsed, voltage applied, leakage current, and
quickly. Setting a time of 00:00 disables the timer. With the timer insulation resistance.
disabled a test has to be manually stopped.
Downloading results
To select timer Tmain, T1 or T2 hold down the Fn button whilst Connect the instrument to the RS232 / USB port of a PC running
repeatedly pressing the Ts or Tt buttons. To set the selected timer, Download Manager. Refer to section ‘RS232 / USB connection’ for set up
release the Fn button, and use the Ts or Tt buttons. details. Start Download Manager on your PC, select the S1-1054 driver
and right click the icon. Select ‘Download’.
The minimum timer setting is 15 seconds for test voltages of 1000 V or
more, and 30 seconds below this. Switch the instrument on and wait until initialisation is complete. Press
the function key along with the record key. The instrument now displays
Note: T2 cannot exceed the time on main timer unless it is disabled ‘dld’ to indicate download mode. Press and hold down test button until
(00:00). T1 cannot exceed the time on T2. download begins, shown by analogue display lighting clockwise.

Record button Results will not be erased during this operation and so may be
This button is used to start and stop recording. Recording can only be downloaded repeatedly.
activated before testing. When data recording is enabled the ‘record’
symbol flashes. Deleting test results
Switch the instrument on and wait until initialisation is complete. Hold
Data is stored in solid-state memory and under normal circumstances down the function key and press the record key twice. The instrument
will maintain its integrity for in excess of ten years, but may rarely be now displays ‘clr’ to indicate clear mode. Press and hold down test
corrupted or lost by external influences such as transients and static button until clear process begins, shown by analogue display lighting anti
discharge. Megger Limited cannot accept responsibility for any losses of clockwise. Press the MODE button to exit without deleting the results.
data. Regular downloading to a PC using software such as Download
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 Recording to a PC terminal i.e. if the insulator is clean and there are unlikely to be any
While carrying out a test, the instrument will output the test voltage, adverse current paths. However in cable testing for example, there may
test current and resistance every second. Refer to section ‘RS232 / USB be surface leakage paths across the insulation between the bare cable and
connection’ for setup details. Connect the instrument to the RS232 / USB the external sheathing due to the presence of moisture or dirt. Where it is
port of the PC. The data may be captured with Microsoft® HyperTerminal required to remove the effect of this leakage, particularly at high testing
or another suitable programme. voltages, a bare wire may be bound tightly around the insulation and
connected via the third test lead to the guard terminal ‘G’.
High voltage warning LED
This is a red LED next to the TEST button on the front panel. The LED
flashes when the voltage on the test inputs exceeds 50 V.

Line input present LED

This is a green LED next to the power On/Off button on the front panel.
It is illuminated whenever the mains power is connected.

Test terminals
There are three test terminals marked +, - and G. These terminals are The guard terminal is at the same potential as the negative terminal.
designed to accept only the test leads supplied. Shutters across the Since the leakage resistance is effectively in parallel with the resistance
terminals prevent accidental ingress of dirt and other objects. Test lead to be measured, the use of the guard causes the current flowing through
plugs interlock with the shutters and are released by rotating the test lead surface leakage to be diverted from the measuring circuit. The instrument
plug a quarter turn. therefore reads the leakage of the insulator, ignoring leakage across its
surface.
The Guard terminal is explained below and is only used in cases where
surface leakage currents need to be eliminated. Most measurements use The display will show ‘FUS’ if the internal guard terminal fuse is found to
just the + and – terminals. The instrument’s internal voltage generator have blown. The instrument must be switched off to clear the message
drives the + terminal with respect to the – terminal, current being before further testing is permitted. The fuse should be replaced by an
measured in the – terminal. authorised repairer. The instrument may be used in the mean time if the
guard terminal not used. Refer to notes regarding measurements above
Guard terminal 100 GΩ on page 17.
For basic insulation tests and where there is little possibility of surface
leakage affecting the measurement, it is unnecessary to use the guard
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 RS232 / USB connection When mains power is present the indicator shows the battery is being
Data can be transferred to a PC via an RS232 or USB port. If using the charged by animating the segments of the bar graph.
RS232 port, use the null modem cable supplied. The RS232 settings
are 38400 Baud, 8 data bits, 0 parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control Voltage at terminals
(handshake). The test voltage will default to that selected in the previous test. If the
instrument has been switched off since the previous test, the test voltage
If using the USB port, ensure that the USB driver supplied on the defaults to 250 V.
accompanying product CD has been installed BEFORE connecting the
instrument. Installation instructions are also to be found on the CD. If there is an external voltage greater than 160 V present, this will be
Programmes such as Megger Download Manager may be used to displayed regardless of changes made to the test voltage. In this case the
download the results stored in memory. Programmes such as Microsoft® instrument will not perform a test. The high voltage warning indicators
HyperTerminal may be used to record real time data. flash, and the beeper sounds, to warn of the hazard until the external
voltage becomes less than 50 V.
Battery bar graph
This is a battery symbol on the LCD display comprising 4 pairs of When testing, the voltage displayed is the voltage present at the test
segments. The battery is monitored continuously when the instrument terminals of the instrument. If the test voltage is changed, by pressing
is turned on. The charge remaining in the battery is shown in the table either of the test voltage s and t buttons during a test, the new test
below. voltage is displayed momentarily.

Fully charged battery After testing, the voltage displayed is the voltage present on the
terminals. To see what the voltage was immediately prior to the end on
the test, press either test voltage s or t buttons.
50% charged battery
Timer indicator
The timer shows minutes and seconds. At the start of a test the timer
Tests cannot be started, and the battery will start from zero and at the end of a test it will stop. The duration of
may fail at any time the last test remains on the display until another test is started.

Digital display
Symbol flashes when there is not The digital display shows the resistance or current being measured
enough charge for a test. The during a test. The Ω/I button toggles between the two. After a test the
instrument then turns itself off 13

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 display shows the last measurement made until the timer or voltage test ‘Pre-Test / During test’ Key action table.
settings are changed, or the test start/stop button is pressed.
Button press Key action Fn + Key action
Analogue display Pre-test During test Pre-test During test
This simulates an analogue meter movement to give the user a better
Vs/Vt Increase / Increase / Increase / Increase /
“feel” for how a measurement is progressing. The analogue display decrease the decrease the decrease the decrease the
shows resistance only. test voltage in test voltage in test voltage in test voltage in
major steps major steps minor steps minor steps
(IR only) (IR only)
The display is also used to indicate how ‘result download’ and ‘deletion
of results’ is progressing. Vs AND Vt Sets voltage Show set
to 500V voltage

Secondary display Ts/ Tt Increase / Display set time Select main Display time
This part of the display shows the results of ‘time resistance’ method decrease the on main timer timer T1 or T2 set for main
tests. time of the briefly timer, T1 or
selected timer T2 briefly

Ts AND Tt Reset timer to Display set Reset selected Display set

zero time on main timer to zero time on main
timer briefly timer briefly

Mode Select Test Cycle through

Mode IR modes

Ω/I Cycle through Cycle through Select filter Select firmware

results display results display option filtering level
of last test of current (IR only,
completed active test hardware filter
ON)
Record Turn recording Select
On/Off download or
clear stored
data

Vs and Vt represent the test voltage buttons. Ts and Tt represent the

timer buttons.

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 On screen warning codes black and grey waveforms are displayed alternately while the noise is
present. When the noise is removed the wave form is replaced by the
Breakdown detection correct reading.
If insulation breakdown is detected, the unit aborts the test and flashes Test aborted due to extremely high noise
“brd” and the final test result alternately in the main digital display. This
display is disabled when in burn mode as the unit will continue the test Should an extremely high level of noise be present, particularly at the
without aborting. The instrument detects breakdown in terms of a rapid start of a test, the instrument will indicate nSE (Noise). The instrument
drop in test voltage commensurate with that caused by an arc across or will require switching off and on again to reset.
though the insulation under test. In certain rare circumstances breakdown of the circuit under test may
Noise detection interfere with the sensitive current measuring circuit. In this event the
unit stops and also displays nSE. The instrument will again require
Excessive noise during test switching off and on again to reset.
In environments such as HV switch yards or substations electrical noise
levels can be high enough to effect insulation test measurements. This
noise takes the form of induced currents in the measurement circuit.

The noise current is either picked up by test leads or induced directly in

the item under test. The MIT510/2, MIT520/2, MIT1020/2, S1-552/2 and
S1-1052/2 are all capable of accurate measurements with up to 2mA of
induced noise current. The S1-554/2 and S1-1054/4 are design for very
high noise environments and can provide accurate measurements with
up to 4mA of noise current present.

A level of noise exceeding the instruments specified capability will be

indicated by an alternating sine wave on the display. The test continues
while displaying the noise. If the noise drops back down the normal
display is resumed.

The effects of noise can be reduces significantly with the use of high
quality Megger screened test leads.

The picture displayed on the right shows the expected screen result of
an IR test on with a 5000V test voltage after 2 minutes 9 seconds. The
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 TEST MODE SUMMARY

Press the ‘MODE’ button to cycle through and select the test mode. On test completion, insulation capacitance and the time constant
Modes of test to be chosen from include an insulation resistance associated with it is calculated and displayed.
‘IR’ test, a polarization index ‘PI’ test, a step voltage ‘SV’ test, and a
Time Constant (TC) = Rins x Cins
dielectric discharge ‘DD’ test. If timers T1 and T2 are set, the instrument
will automatically calculate the dielectric absorption ratio ‘DAR’ of If timers T1 and T2 are set, the instrument will calculate and display
the insulation. PI, DAR, and IR values are automatically stored and the DAR value under the segment ‘DAR’. On completion of the test,
displayed if the data is available, irrespective of the selected test mode. the instrument will display the insulation resistances, measured at these
At the end of a test the instrument can be made to display either the times under the segment symbols ‘T1’ and ‘T2’. If the test runs for longer
insulation resistances, insulation currents, the filter setting, or ratios plus than 10 minutes, the instrument will calculate the ‘polarisation index’.
capacitance measurements by using the ‘Ω/I’ toggle button. See section This value will be displayed under the display segment symbol ‘PI’.
‘Ω/I button’ for cycling through results and toggling units. On completion of the test, the instrument will display the insulation
Hardware filter resistance recorded at 1 minute and 10 minutes under the segment
The hardware noise current filter may be switched on or off before, but symbols ‘1m’ and ‘10m’.
not during, testing. Turning the hardware filter off may be beneficial for
short test durations and higher load capacitances providing there is little Pressing the ‘Ω/I’ button toggles the display to show the insulation
noise current. resistances, insulation currents, the filter setting, DAR and PI ratios, and
capacitance. The resistances and currents will be displayed under the
This feature may be set in any mode, i.e. IR, PI, SV, or DD. Press and ‘T1’, ‘T2’, ‘1m’ and ‘10m’ segment headings, the ratios under the ‘DAR’
hold the Fn button while repeatedly pressing the Ω/I button to scroll and ‘PI’ segment headings. The capacitance reading is indicated by its
through the filter options. Select FIL OFF for the fastest settling time, or units of either ‘nF’ or ‘µF’. Refer to section ‘Ω/I button’.
FIL ON for the default 4mA noise filter. Note that if FIL OFF is selected,
the firmware filtering option (refer to section “Insulation Resistance “IR” Firmware filtering
test”) will be disabled. This setting may not be adjusted during a test. There is an option (in Insulation Resistance mode only) to switch in
firmware filtering to average out slow variations. The firmware filter time
Insulation Resistance ‘IR’ test constants are 10, 30, and 100 seconds. The additional firmware filter
This is the default mode in which the instrument powers up. This setting may be adjusted before or during a test, unless the filter was set
test mode measures insulation resistance continuously at the selected to FIL OFF before the test started, in which case the additional firmware
voltage. The test voltage may be varied during an ‘IR’ test by pressing filtering option will be unavailable during testing. If the additional
the test voltage s or t buttons. The test duration can be set using the firmware filter is switched in during a test, then any subsequent PI, DAR,
‘main timer’. The test will finish automatically after this time has elapsed. or TC calculated results are regarded as invalid, and are consequently
not displayed. The resistances and currents at these times are still
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 indicated in the secondary displays should they be needed. the alarm threshold level automatically activates the alarm limit mode.
Press and hold the Fn button while repeatedly pressing the Ω/I button This is indicated by the ‘A ­’ symbol turning solidly on.
to scroll through the filter options. To toggle the alarm limit mode on/off, hold down the function button,
then press and release the mode button repeatedly until the ‘A ­’ symbol
Breakdown mode / burn mode is flashing on the display. Release the function key to toggle.
The insulation resistance ‘IR’ test operates in either the ‘Burn’ or
‘Breakdown’ mode of operation. The default mode is breakdown. To Step voltage ‘SV’ test
change mode press and hold the function button, then press and release This is a test based on the principle that an ideal insulator will produce
the mode button repeatedly until the desired mode is indicated by the identical readings at all voltages, while an insulator which is being
flashing symbol on the display. Release the function button to select it. over stressed, will show lower insulation values at higher voltages. The
main timer and test voltage settings can be adjusted if desired from
In the breakdown mode the ‘Breakdown Indicator’ will be illuminated – their default values of 5 minutes and 1 kV respectively. During the
refer to page 6. In this mode the test will automatically terminate should test the applied test voltage incrementally steps by one fifth of the test
the insulation break down to prevent damage to the insulation under voltage setting final value every minute, for 5 minutes, taking successive
test. measurements until the final voltage is reached. Readings for the first 4
recorded values are displayed under the consecutive segment headings
In the burn mode the ‘Burn Indicator’ is illuminated – refer page 6. ‘1m’ to ‘4m’. The 5 minute reading is displayed by the main display.
The burn mode disables the normal breakdown detection and enables
the insulation test voltage to continue even after breakdown of the If the range of measured insulation between readings is too wide for the
insulation. This will enable the location of the failure to be seen and instrument to display, then those readings too small compared to the
heard. Due to the potential damage that could occur, the unit produces final reading will be represented by ‘---’.
two long beeps when starting a test with burn mode activated.
Polarisation index ‘PI’ test, and dielectric absorption ratio
Alarm limit mode ‘DAR’ test
The insulation resistance ‘IR’ test has an option of setting an alarm limit. The ‘PI’ test is a particular example of a time/resistance method, which
If this mode is selected, the instrument will beep should the resistance takes the ratio of the insulation measured at 1 minute and at 10 minutes.
reading exceed a user selectable threshold. To set the limit, hold down Good insulation generally shows an increase in resistance over a 10
the function button, then press and release the mode button repeatedly minute period. Readings for contaminated insulation are fairly constant
until because any absorption effects are masked by high leakage currents.
the ‘A ­’ symbol is flashing on the display. Use the timer s and t On completion of the test the polarisation index is displayed under the
buttons to set the resistance threshold between the limits of 10 kΩ and segment heading ‘PI’.
35 TΩ. Release the function button to save the current limit. Adjusting
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 Polarisation Index (PI) = R10 min The main timer will default to 30 minutes, which is normally sufficient
R1 min time for full absorption to take place in an insulation material. The
default test voltage is set to 500 V. The ‘DD’ test requires the instrument
The ‘Dielectric Absorption Ratio’ is the term applied to the polarisation to measure the discharge current 1 minute after the removal of the
index using other time intervals set by T1 and T2. test voltage. At this time the capacitive current should be insignificant
compared with the released absorption current. On completion of the
If timers T1 and T2 are both set, then the insulation resistance measured test, the instrument uses this measurement along with the test voltage
at these times is also recorded. These are displayed together with and calculated capacitance to produce a figure of merit indicating the
the calculated dielectric absorption ratio under the T1, T2, and DAR quality of the insulation.
segments respectively.
Dielectric Discharge (DD) = I1 min
The instrument can be made to display either the insulation resistances, VxC
insulation currents or ratios plus capacitance measurements by using the
Ω/I toggle button. See section ‘Ω/I button’ for cycling through results where I is the measured current expressed in milliamps (mA), V is the
and toggling units. test voltage in Volts (V), and C is the measured capacitance in Farads (F)

Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR) = RT2 min Measurements above 100 GΩ

Measurements up to 100 GΩ can be made without any special
RT1 min
precautions, assuming that the test leads are reasonably clean and dry.
Dielectric discharge ‘DD’ test
The guard lead can be used to remove the effects of surface leakage
The ‘DD’ test is a diagnostic insulation test that allows ageing,
if necessary. When measuring resistances above 100 GΩ, the test leads
deterioration, and voids in the insulation to be assessed. The result is
should not be allowed to touch each other, or any other object since this
dependent on the discharge characteristic, so the internal condition
will introduce leakage paths. Sharp points at the test lead connections
of the insulation is tested, largely independent of any surface
should also be avoided since this will encourage corona discharge.
contamination. On discharge the capacitive component of the discharge
current decays from a high value with a relatively short time constant of The output is isolated, and so will float relative to ground such that
a few seconds. The other current component, comprising the released the positive terminal is at plus half of the test voltage, and the negative
absorption current, decays from a lower value with a relatively long time terminal is at minus half of the test voltage with respect to ground.
constant of up to several minutes. If this component of the discharge Leakages therefore occur between the positive terminal and ground,
current is large (>7 @ 500 V test voltage) then the insulation condition is between the negative terminal and ground, and directly between the
poor. positive and negative terminals. These leakages have a significant effect
and can occur through the air itself.
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 Alternatively, screened leads are available as an optional accessory from
+ Test V - Test V Megger. The lead to the negative terminal is fully screened. The screen
2 2 is plugged into the Guard terminal, diverting any stray leakage currents.
+ -
This considerably improves measurements made with a floating output,
where the leads might touch each other or anything other than the test
Ground piece.

Circuit block diagram

R1 R2
If the guard lead is connected to ground, then since the negative +
terminal is at the same voltage as the guard terminal, the leakage into
100 MΩ
the negative terminal will be considerably reduced. This will improve
accuracy because the current flowing into the negative terminal is - High C1
voltage Volts
measured by the instrument and used to calculate resistance. This + source Discharge
technique is only permissible if the item under test is isolated from Ref resistance
ground. “Isolated” in this context means insulated by a resistance of at Current
Limit G
least 5 MΩ for the positive terminal, or at least 10 kΩ for the negative
Voltage
terminal. control Fuse
Conversely, if the positive terminal is grounded, then the negative
terminal will be at a voltage equal to the test voltage relative to ground, -
Current
which will result in an increase in leakage current, and worsening of
measurement accuracy. Cable
For 5 kV instruments C1 = 47 nF, R1 = 50 kΩ, R2 = 40 kΩ
under
+ Test V 0V test
For 10 kV instruments C1 = 15 nF, R1 = 156 kΩ, R2 = 110 kΩ
+ -
Guard

Ground

When making measurements above 100 GΩ therefore, the user should

ground the Guard Lead where possible, otherwise parallel leakage paths
may occur.

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 SPECIFICATIONS

Voltage input range Capacitance measurement accuracy (23 °C)

85-265 V rms, 50/60 Hz, 60 VA ±5% ±5 nF

Battery life Voltage output accuracy (0 °C to 30 °C)

Typical capacity is 4 hours continuous testing at 10 kV with a 100 MΩ +4%, -0% ±10 V of nominal test voltage at 1 GΩ load
load
Current measurement range
Test voltages 0.01 nA to 5 mA
250 V, 500 V, 1 kV, 2.5 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV ranges, adjustable in 10 V steps
Current measurement accuracy (23 °C)
from 50 V to 1 kV, and 25 V steps from 1 kV to 10 kV
±5% ±0.2 nA at all voltages
Accuracy (23 °C, 10 kV)
Interference rejection
10 kV 5000 V 2500 V 1000 V 500 V 250 V
1 mA per 600 V up to a maximum of 4 mA (selectable)
±5% bis 2 TΩ 1 TΩ 500 GΩ 200 GΩ 100 GΩ 50 GΩ
Filter
±20% bis 20 TΩ 10 TΩ 5 TΩ 2 TΩ 1 TΩ 500 GΩ
10, 30 and 100 second time constants (selectable)
Guard
Timer range
2% error guarding 500 kΩ leakage with 100 MΩ load
Counts up to 99 minutes and 59 seconds from start of test
Display range 15 second minimum setting for test voltage ≥1000 V
Digital display 10 kΩ to 35 TΩ (3 digits) 30 second minimum setting for test voltage <1000 V

Analogue display 100 kΩ to 1 TΩ Test regimes

Auto IR, PI, SV, DD
Short circuit/charge current
DAR is calculated automatically if timers T1 and T2 are set
5 mA @ 10 kV

Capacitor charge time Interface

<3 seconds per µF at 5mA to 10 kV RS232: 38400 Baud, 8 data bits, 0 parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control.
USB
Capacitor discharge time
<250 ms per µF to discharge from 10 kV to 50 V Data storage
Capacitance measurement (500 V minimum test voltage) Data stored: selected voltage, test time elapsed, voltage applied, leakage
current, and insulation resistance. The PI, DAR, capacitance, time
10 nF to 50 µF (dependent on test voltage)
constant and DD values are also stored if available at the end of the test.
20 Megger Download Manager may be used to transfer this data to a PC.

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 ACCESSORIES

Data output Order code

Real time serial data output once per second of the test voltage, test Included Accessories
current, and resistance 3 m lead set, medium size insulated clips 6220-820
Lead set User guide on CD-ROM 2000-213
Three flexible silicon insulated leads with compact clamp RS232 cable 25955-025
Safety USB cable 25970-041
Meets the requirements of IEC61010-1 CATIV 600 V 3 x 3 m lead set with large insulated clips 6220-811

EMC
Meets the requirements of EN61326-1 Optional Accessories

Operating uncertainties HV test lead sets

Refer to www.megger.com 3 x 3 m with un-insulated small clips 8101-181
Operating temperature 3 x 8 m with un-insulated small clips 8101-182
-20 °C to 50 °C 3 x 15 m with un-insulated small clips 8101-183
Storage temperature 3 x 10 m with medium insulated clips 1000-441
-25 °C to 65 °C
3 x 15 m with medium insulated clips 1000-442
Ingress protection (lid closed) 3 x 3 m with large insulated clips 6220-811
IP65
3 x 10 m with large insulated clips 1000-443
Humidity
3 x 15 m with large insulated clips 1000-432
90% RH non-condensing at 40 °C
Control circuit test lead set
Dimensions
2 x 3 m with small insulated clips 6220-822
305 x 194 x 360 (mm) (12 x 7.6 x 14.2 inches)
Screened HV test leads
Weight
7.1 kg (16lb) approx. 1 x 3 m, with 10 kV screened un-insulated small clips 6220-834
1 x 10 m, with 10 kV screened un-insulataed small clips 6220-861
1 x 15 m, with 10 kV screened un-insulated small clips 6220-833

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 REPAIR AND WARRANTY

The instrument contains static sensitive devices, and care must be taken in handling the printed circuit board. If an instrument’s protection has been
impaired it should not be used, but sent for repair by suitably trained and qualified personnel. The protection is likely to be impaired if for example, it
shows visible damage, fails to perform the intended measurements, has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions, or has been
subjected to severe transport stresses.

NEW INSTRUMENTS ARE GUARANTEED FOR 1 YEAR FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE BY THE USER.
Note: Any unauthorized prior repair or adjustment will automatically invalidate the Warranty.

CALIBRATION, REPAIR AND SPARE PARTS

For service requirements for Megger Instruments contact:

Megger Limited or Megger

Archcliffe Road Valley Forge Corporate Centre
Dover 2621 Van Buren Avenue
Kent CT17 9EN Norristown PA 19403
England. U.S.A.
Tel: +44 (0) 1304 502 243 Tel: +1 610 676 8579
Fax: +44 (0) 1304 207 342 Fax: +1 610 676 8625
Megger operate fully traceable calibration and repair facilities, ensuring your instrument continues to provide the high standard of performance and
workmanship you expect. These facilities are complemented by a worldwide network of approved repair and calibration companies to offer excellent
in-service care for your Megger products.

Returning your product to Megger - UK and USA service centres

1. When an instrument requires recalibration, or in the event of a repair being necessary, a Returns Authorisation (RA) number must first be obtained
from one of the addresses shown above. You will be asked to provide the following information to enable the Service Department to prepare in
advance for receipt of your instrument, and to provide the best possible service to you.
n Model, e.g. S1-1054/2.
n Serial number, to be found on the underside of the case or on the calibration certificate.
n Reason for return, e.g. calibration required, or repair.
n Details of the fault if the instrument is to be repaired.
2. Make a note of the RA number. A returns label can be emailed or faxed to you if you wish.
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 3. Pack the instrument carefully to prevent damage in transit.
4. Ensure the returns label is attached, or that the RA number is clearly marked on the outside of the package and on any correspondence, before
sending the instrument, freight paid, to Megger. Copies of the original purchase invoice and packing note should be sent simultaneously by airmail to
expedite clearance through customs. In the case of instruments requiring repair outside the warranty period, an immediate quotation can be provided
when obtaining the RA number.
5. You may track the progress of your return on line at www.megger.com

Approved Service Centres

A list of Approved Service Centres may be obtained from the UK address above, or from Megger’s website at www.megger.com
Service note
Battery replacement
Should the internal lead acid battery require replacement the unit must be sent to a Megger authorised service agent. A replacement battery connection
wiring loom must be fitted to ensure future connection integrity. In addition the on screen battery charge level indicator will need to calibrated to the
new battery’s characteristics.
End of life disposal
WEEE
The crossed out wheeled bin placed on the Megger products is a reminder not to dispose of the product at the end of it’s product life with general
waste.
Megger is registered in the UK as a Producer of Electrical and Electronic Equipment.
The Registration No is WEE/HE0146QT
Batteries
The crossed out wheeled bin placed on the batteries is a reminder not to dispose of them with general waste at the end of their life.
This product contains a sealed lead acid battery 12V, 4Ah (NP4-12 type)
Battery replacement should only be performed by a Megger authorised repair agent, who will correctly dispose of the spent battery.
For the purpose of end of life disposal only, the battery can be accessed by removing the four recessed screws on rear of instrument and lifting inner
instrument out of outer case. Remove screws and remove the inner front cover to access battery.
The battery fitted in this instrument is classified as a Portable Battery and should be disposed of in the UK in accordance with Local Authority
requirements.For disposal of batteries in other parts of the EU contact your local distributor. Megger is registered in the UK as a producer of batteries.
The registration number is BPRN00142
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 M

Megger Limited Megger Megger   Megger Pty Limited Megger Limited

Archcliffe Road, Dover 4271 Bronze Way, Dallas, Z.A. Du Buisson de la Couldre Unit 1, 11-21 Underwood Road Unit 106-550 Alden Road
Kent CT17 9EN England Texas 75237-1019 USA 23 rue Eugène Henaff Homebush Markham ON L3R 6A8 Canada
T +44 (0)1 304 502101 T +1 800 723 2861 (USA ONLY) 78190 TRAPPES France NSW 2140 Australia T +1 416 298 9688 (Canada only)
F +44 (0)1 304 207342 T +1 214 333 3201 T +33 (0)1 30.16.08.90 T +61 (0)2 9397 5900 T +1 416 298 6770
E [email protected] F +1 214 331 7399 F +33 (0)1 34.61.23.77 F +61 (0)2 9397 5911 F +1 416 298 0848
E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected]

Megger Megger GmbH Megger AB Megger AG

501 Crystal Paradise Mall Obere Zeil 2 Eldarvägen 4 Ob. Haselweg 630
Off Veera Desai Road 61440 Oberursel Box 2970 5727 Oberkulm
Andheri(w), Mumbai - 400053 Germany SE-187 29 TÄBY Aargau
Maharashtra T 06171-92987-0 Sweden Switzerland
India F 06171-92987-19 T +46 8 510 195 00 T +41 62 768 20 30
T +91 22 26740468 F +46 8 510 195 95 F +41 62 768 20 33
F +91 22 26740465

Megger products are distributed in 146 countries worldwide.

This instrument is manufactured in the United Kingdom.

The company reserves the right to change the specification or design without prior notice.

Megger is a registered trademark

Part No. S1-1054_2_UG_en_V08 0913

www.megger.com

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