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Problem Sheet 2: Applied Differential Equations: 5CCM211A & 6CCM211B

This document contains a problem sheet with 6 problems related to differential equations. The problems cover topics such as identifying linear and separable differential equations, finding equilibrium points, solving initial value problems, and exact differential equations. A student is reminded that doing homework is important for learning mathematics. The document also notes that this homework does not need to be handed in.

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Harshvardhan Singh
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117 views2 pages

Problem Sheet 2: Applied Differential Equations: 5CCM211A & 6CCM211B

This document contains a problem sheet with 6 problems related to differential equations. The problems cover topics such as identifying linear and separable differential equations, finding equilibrium points, solving initial value problems, and exact differential equations. A student is reminded that doing homework is important for learning mathematics. The document also notes that this homework does not need to be handed in.

Uploaded by

Harshvardhan Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Differential Equations: 5CCM211A & 6CCM211B

Problem Sheet 2
A student who does not do the homework does not learn Mathematics!
Please let me know of any mistakes/typos. You do NOT have to hand in this HW.

1. Which of the following differential equations are both linear and separable?
dy
(a) dt
= et y + cos(t)
dy
(b) dt
=y+5
dy
(c) dt
= t sin(y) + t
dy
(d) dt
+ sin(t)y = t2

Solution: B

2. Which of the following differential equations are autonomous?


dy
(a) dt
= y + cos(t)y
dy
(b) dt
= 3y 2 + 5
dy
(c) dt
= t sin(y)
dy
(d) dt
= tey + 1
(e) None of the above.

Solution: B

3. Consider the differential equation


dy
= (y + 1)(y − 2).
dt
Find the equilibrium points and classify them (sink/source/neither).
Solution: The equilibrium points are y = −1 and y = 2. dy dt
is negative in (−1, 2) and positive in
(−∞, −1) ∪ (2, ∞). Therefore y = 2 is a source and y = −1 is a sink.
dy t2
4. Find all solutions of dt
= 1−y 2
.
Solution: This is a separable ODE.

y3 t3
Z Z
2 2 2
(1 − y )dy = t dt ⇐⇒ (1 − y )dy = t2 dt ⇐⇒ y − = + c.
3 3
This gives all the solutions to the ODE in an implicit form.

1
dy 3t2 +4t+2
5. Solve the initial value problem dt
= 2(y−1)
, y(0) = −1.
Solution: This is a separable ODE.
Z Z
2
2(y − 1)dy = (3t + 4t + 2)dt ⇐⇒ 2(y − 1)dy = (3t2 + 4t + 2)dt ⇐⇒ y 2 − 2y = t3 + 2t2 + 2t + c

where c is an arbitrary constant. Imposing the initial condition gives 1 + 2 = c, that is c = 3. Thus,
y 2 − 2y = t3 + 2t2 + 2t + 3 is an implicit solution of the differential equation.

6. Solve the differential equation (y cos t + 2tey ) + (sin t + t2 ey − 1) dy


dt
= 0.
Solution: Let M = y cos t + 2tey and N = sin t + t2 ey − y. Since My = Nt the ODE is exact. Thus,
there is a φ(t, y) such that φt = M and φy = N .
Z
φ(t, y) = M dt = y sin t + t2 ey + h(y)

Imposing φy = N gives

sin t + t2 ey + h0 (y) = sin t + t2 ey − y =⇒ h0 (y) = −1 =⇒ h(y) = −y + c

where c is an arbitrary constant.


Finally, φ(t, y) = y sin t + t2 ey − y + c and solutions of the ODE are given implicitly by

φ(t, y) = y sin t + t2 ey − y + c

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